< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > bayberry</h1>
Bayberry: belongs to the magnolia family, bayberry family, bayberry is a small tree or shrub plant, also known as shengsheng plum, white plum, tree plum has high medicinal and edible value, in east China and Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and other regions have been distributed. For economic purposes, the fruity taste is moderately sweet and sour, which can be eaten directly, and can be processed into dried bayberry, sauce, candied fruit, etc., and can also be brewed, which has the functions of quenching thirst, raw jin, and helping digestion.
Growing environment
Bayberry, an acid-loving soil, is native to the slopes or mountains of China's temperate, subtropical humid climate at an altitude of 125-1500 meters
In the valley forest, it is mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River Basin and north of Hainan Island, that is, between 20 degrees and 31 degrees north latitude, which is similar to the distribution of citrus, loquat, tea tree, moso bamboo, etc., but its cold resistance is stronger than that of citrus and loquat.
Cultivation techniques
site preparation
When the bayberry garden is built, the land should be prepared, and the method of building contour terraces, contour trenches and fish scale pits is generally adopted for land preparation.
(1) Isometric terraces are suitable for building terraces on slopes of 10°-25°. Contour lines should be measured in advance on the slope, according to the contour difference or row spacing, at a ratio of 0.2%-0.3%. Generally, when pressing the contour line, it is necessary to build from the bottom up, first along the lowest contour line, and carry out the clearance work. The depth of the clear base should be determined according to the thickness of the soil layer. Stone wall terraces, generally 0.5-1.0 m deep. The width of the base should increase with the height of the ladder wall, generally 0.3-1.5m. When constructing the terrace wall, it is necessary to turn the soil while cultivating the soil, turn the soil of the uphill slope to the downhill slope, so that the terrace slope is tilted inward by about 3 ° -5 °, and then deeply turned to make the soil of the entire terrace loose.
(2) Contour trench is a kind of soil and water conservation measure for changing the long slope to a short slope in the orchard of the slope, which is suitable for slopes with a slope of 6 °-10 ° and a deep soil layer. On the slope, trenches are dug according to contour lines, and the excavated soil is piled up next to the hillside ditches for trenching (ridges). Plant the arbutus trees in 1 row along the contour line on the slope of the trench. Generally, the width of the trench is 50-70 cm, the depth of the ditch is 30 cm, and every 5-10 m in the ditch, a gentle water mound is built to form a bamboo knot. The height of the trench and the depth of the trench are about the same, and the outer slope of the trench is slightly longer than the inner slope of the trench, and the width of the trench is slightly larger than the width of the trench.
(3) If the terrain is complex, it is not suitable for the construction of horizontal terraces and trenches, and the fish scale pit can be built to maintain water and soil. The specific method is to determine the colonization point on the contour line, take the colonization point as the center, dig the soil from the upper part, and build a small half-moon shaped field with outer high and inner low, and the outer edge of the terrace field, and use stone blocks or soil to pile up. The row spacing specifications for planting bayberry are often 4m×5m, 6m×4m and 5m×4m3 species. The diameter of the fish scale pit is 2 m, of which the diameter of the planting hole is 1 m and the depth is 80 cm.
The specific method is: after determining the colonization hole, planing the soil layer, exposing the rock, and then using a steel braze or electric drill at a distance of 30-40cm from the colonization point, at an angle of 65 ° to 75 ° and the ground, drilling down, the hole depth is 1.0-1.2m, equipped with a detonator explosives 1-2 barrels, you can explode (stuffy cannon), but must be carried out in accordance with technical operating procedures, pay attention to safety.
Colonization
(1) The colonization hole should be set 1/3 away from the outer edge of the terrace or fish scale pit, and the location of the colonization hole should be measured according to the requirements of the plant row spacing, and then the colonization point should be the center to dig the colonization hole. The size of the colonization hole is 1 m long and 1 m long and 0 .8m deep. In general, colonization holes are dug in autumn and winter. When digging colonization holes, the topsoil should be put aside, the deep soil should be put aside, the topsoil is mixed with the decomposed farm manure and calcium superphosphate, and when it is settled in the spring, a certain amount of topsoil is placed first, and then a mixture of fertile soil is put in, and finally deep soil is put in, and then seedling colonization is carried out. There are four ways to combine colonized bottom fertilizer with calcium superphosphate: (1) 50 kg of garbage or compost, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate; (2) 25-30 kg of poultry manure and 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate; (3) 5 kg of rapeseed cake or bean cake, 0.5-1 kg of calcium superphosphate; (4) 25-30 kg of mountain weeds or scorched mud turf after burning mountains.
(2) The colonization density should be determined according to the climatic conditions, soil fertility, variety characteristics and canopy management techniques of the orchard. Generally, if the climate is hot, the soil is fertile, the soil layer is deep, and the fertilization is more, the colonization can be diluted; the soil is thin, the soil layer is shallow, and the slope is steeper, and the colonization can be dense. Generally, 15-40 bayberry plants are planted per 667 square meters. There are several specifications such as 5m×7m, 4m×6m, 5m×4m and so on.
(3) Where the planting time is in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan and Jiangxi, where there is frost damage in winter, it is advisable to use spring planting, that is, planting from late February to mid-March. In warm areas where there is no severe winter cold, it can be planted in autumn or spring, that is, from early October to early December, or from mid-February to mid-March of the second year. Colonization should be carried out on cloudy or light rainy days. Special attention should be taken not to plant in weather with northwest winds.
(4) The colonization method is general, and the strong seedlings of pure varieties, rootstocks and scions with good healing, well-developed root systems, fresh and robust seedlings, and no diseases and insect pests should be selected for colonization.
Large seedlings must be transplanted or planted in close proximity. Long-distance transportation of seedlings, must be carefully packed seedlings. After transporting to the location of the orchard, the roots are soaked before planting, and then the pine bales and colonization are carried out.
Before planting, properly cut the over-long and over-dense branches, cut the overly long whiskers short, and then dip them in yellow mud. When settling, it is best to choose warm, cloudy weather, and avoid northwest windy weather. When planting, first apply base fertilizer in the colonization hole, and then put the seedlings into the hole, correct the distance, align the horizontal and straight lines, and put the seedlings straight, so that the whisker roots stretch around and avoid bending. The rootstock interface is placed in the leeward direction to prevent blowing and is conducive to interface healing. When planting, be sure to straighten the seedlings, stretch the fine roots, gradually fill the fine soil into the roots, pound with a stick, and pound with the filled soil. When the soil is halfway through, apply scorched mud and then fill the soil to collapse. The thickness of the topmost layer of the soil should be about 20 cm higher than the ground, and the grafting interface of the seedlings should be exposed to the soil surface for degrees. After the seedlings are colonized, they should be watered with sufficient root water. After watering, cover with a layer of loose soil and lay mulch film to reduce the evaporation of water. After colonization, immediately dry, that is, at 30 cm above the graft of the seedling, cut off the top shoots, promote the growth of new shoots, and then select 3-4 strong new shoots as the main branches.
disease control
Bayberry cancer
(1) Hazards, also known as bayberry sores, are an important disease of bayberry trees. In orchards with severe diseases, the rate of diseased plants is as high as more than 90%. It is mainly harmful to the branches, resulting in premature trunk aging; after the small branches are killed, they often cause the tumor to die. The disease has a great impact on the yield of bayberry.
(2) The symptoms of carcinoma of bayberry are mainly harmful to the branches of fruiting trees, while the incidence of young trees and seedlings is rare. The pathogen mainly affects 2-3 year old branches, and sometimes occurs on the main trunk and young shoots of perennials. The initial site of onset produces small milky white protrusions, the surface is smooth, and then gradually enlarges to form a tumor, making the surface rough or uneven, wooden, very hard, brown or black-brown. The tumors are spherical in shape and vary in size, as small as a cherry, as large as a walnut, and as large as a diameter of more than 10 cm. Tumors on a branch can be as few as 1-2 and as many as 4-5 or more, and generally occur more at the node site of the branch.
(3) Prevention and control methods:
(1) Protect the tree body and reduce wounds. Since most of the pathogens invade from the wound, when harvesting fruits, you should wear soft-soled shoes on the tree to harvest, and try to avoid wearing hard-soled shoes to avoid damaging the bark, increasing the wound, and causing bacterial infection. Before the typhoon comes, prevention work should be carried out; after the typhoon, it is necessary to spray medicine in time to protect the tree body. For the broken branches caused by the typhoon, it is necessary to deal with it in time, and the wound should be protected by Bordeaux pulp; in the place of the wind outlet, a protective forest should be planted for protection.
(2) Do a good job in clearing the garden in winter. Since the pathogen mainly overwinters in the twig tumor, try to cut off the diseased and insect branches before germination in the spring. For the tumor on the large branch, the tumor can be cut off with a sharp knife, and the wound is disinfected with a 50 times the antibacterial agent 402 or 100 times the copper sulfate solution, and then the wound protector is applied externally.
(3) Spray protection. Before the spring shoots, spray 1:2:200 Bordeaux liquid once. After the typhoon and after the fruit harvest, the Bordeaux liquid should also be sprayed once each to protect the tree body and prevent the invasion of germs.
(4) Conduct disease quarantine.
Bayberry rust
(1) Hazards: The disease is harmful to the buds, flowers, leaves and branches of bayberry.
(2) Symptoms: The victim tree blooms early and the number of flowers decreases; the new shoots that have just been issued have yellow spots, and after the spots are broken, orange-yellow powder is emitted from them. When the flowers are damaged, they are often reduced to leaf-shaped, and most of them are thick fleshy leaves with orange-yellow spots. The fleshy leaves soon decay and fall off, mostly forming bald branches.
(1) Old tree update. After fruit harvesting in July and August, cut off the large tree fork at the base of the trunk, dig some floating root systems (4) and apply fertilizers such as grass and wood ash to promote the germination of new branches. Updates should be timely. Premature renewal, its young shoots are susceptible to frost; too late renewal, the injury flow is too large, so too early and too late is not conducive to the growth and development of bayberry.
(2) Topdressing strong trees. In February-March before germination and July-August after fruit picking, 40-50 kg of livestock manure or soil manure are applied to each plant. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 3:1.5:3 for young trees, and 2.5:1.5:5 for fruiting trees.
(3) Arrange varieties according to different places. For newly reclaimed orchards, the red and yellow soils of the hilly, northern and semi-mountain slopes should be selected. At the same time, it is necessary to choose disease-resistant, high-quality and high-quality varieties, such as Fujian large grain violet, early red plum and two-color plum.
(4) Chemical control. In the budding stage of bayberry, spray 4 baumethoite sulfur mixtures, or Bordeaux liquid of 1:1:100 or 1:1:140; in the fruiting stage, 80% zinc 600 times solution or 70% methyl tolbucin 700-800 times liquid can be used;
Bayberry brown spot disease
(1) The harm to the disease is mainly harmful to the leaves of bayberry, and finally leads to a large number of leaves fallen, and flower buds and twigs die, which has a great impact on tree growth.
(2) Symptoms are initial, small purple-red dots the size of needles appear on the leaf surface, and then gradually expand into round or irregular spots. The lesion is reddish brown in the center, brown or grayish brown at the edges, and is 4-8 mm in diameter. The center of the lesion becomes light reddish-brown or off-white in the later stages. It is densely covered with small black ascomycetes, and finally most of the spots are connected to each other into large patches, and the leaves dry and fall off. Diseased trees begin to fall in the autumn and winter of that year, and by the second year, 70%-80% of the leaves are shed. Soon after the leaves fall off, flower buds and twigs die, which has a great impact on tree growth and yield.
(1) Clear the garden in winter. Timely clean the fallen leaves and dead branches in the garden, burn them in a concentrated manner or bury them deeply, starting from reducing the source of overwintering diseases and reducing the source of disease infection.
(2) Strengthen orchard management and cultivate robust trees. The soil in the garden should be deeply turned over, and more organic fertilizers should be applied to enhance the tree potential and improve the resistance of the arbutus tree.
(3) Chemical control. 7-10 days before fruit harvesting, spray 70% methyl tolbuzin 800 times liquid or 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid, can also spray 65% manganese zinc 600 times liquid; after fruit picking, with 1: 2: 200 Bordeaux liquid control once, can receive better results.
Bayberry dry blight
(1) The harm is mainly harmful to the trunk of the bayberry, and the branches die when it is serious.
(2) Irregular dark brown spots appear at the beginning of the symptoms, and as the disease develops, the spots continue to expand and develop downward along the trunk, and the infected part loses water and becomes a slightly sunken band spot. The demarcation between the site of infection and the healthy part is obvious. When the disease is severe, the site of the infection is as deep as the xylem, and when the infected part surrounds the branch for a week, the branch dies. In the later stage, there are many small black particles on the surface of the lesion, that is, the conidia disc, which begin to be buried under the epidermis layer, and after maturity, it breaks through the epidermis, causing the cortex to appear longitudinally lobed or transversely cracked.
(3) The prevention and control methods mainly use the following methods:
(1) Strengthen management and enhance tree momentum. Through deep soil transformation, increase the application of organic fertilizer, strengthen fertilizer and water management, enhance tree potential, and improve the disease resistance of the tree body.
(2) Prevent and remove pests and reduce wounds. For pests that cause tree wounds, attention should be paid to prevention and control to reduce the wounds on the trunk of arbutus trees and prevent the invasion of pathogens.
(3) Protect the wound. It is necessary to cut off the dead branches in time, scrape off the disease spots, and apply 402 antibacterial agent to the wounds and spots to protect them.
Bayberry branch rot
(1) The harm is mainly harmful to the branches of old trees, and when it is serious, the branches rot and die, so that the tree body decays in advance.
(2) Symptoms Of the symptoms, the infection site is initially reddish-brown and slightly protruding, the tissue is soft, and the diseased part is sunken when pressed with the finger. In the later stages of infection, the part of the disease is dehydrated and shrunken, becomes black-brown, and sinks downwards. It has many small black dots on it, and there are elongated spiny hairs on the upper part of the small black dots.
(3) Prevention and control methods generally use the following methods:
(1) Strengthen water and fertilizer management. It is necessary to scientifically manage the fertilizer water, cultivate a robust tree body, and increase the disease resistance of the tree itself. Specific methods include: deep ploughing and soil modification, increasing the application of organic fertilizers and various types of potassium fertilizers.
(2) Timely isolation and destruction of the source of disease. In the beginning, the diseased plants should be dug up and burned in time.
(3) Reduce intermediate hosts. Peach and plum are intermediate hosts of the pathogen. therefore. Bayberry should not be mixed with peach, plum, pear and other fruit trees, nor should it be adjacent to peach, plum and pear.
Bayberry acinth disease
(1) Hazards: Mainly harmful to arbutus branches and trunks, so that the tree weakens, the branches die, until the whole tree dies.
(2) Symptoms: After the infection of the disease, orange-red powder is densely distributed on the main trunk, main branches, side branches and twigs, and the tree momentum declines, the fruit shape becomes smaller, and the taste becomes sour. Finally, the branches wither until the whole tree dies.
(1) Strengthen management and enhance tree momentum. In the rainy season, it is necessary to do a good job in drainage and flood prevention to prevent water from hurting the roots. In terms of fertilizer water management, organic fertilizers and potassium fertilizers should be increased to improve the resistance of the tree body by cultivating a robust tree potential.
(2) Chemical control. During the annual germination and transmission period (mid-April and mid-June), the trunks and branches are sprayed with 1000-2000 times liquid of Wendak for protection. Before spraying, brush off the diseased branches with a brush, and then spray again, so that the prevention and control effect is better. Generally, when spraying in the low temperature of April, the concentration of the liquid is lower, about 2000 times the liquid. If there is no vindak drug, it can also be controlled with a 5% ferrous sulfate solution. To prevent drug damage, it is best to apply a 5% ferrous sulfate solution.
Pest control
Bayberry pine caterpillar
(1) Hazard: When the larvae first hatch, they cluster on the new shoots to eat the young leaves, leaving only the bark, and after about 1 week, they begin to disperse into pests, and the amount of food increases greatly. In severe cases, eat the leaves and leave only the veins.
(2) Prevention and control methods:
First, manual prevention and control. When larvae are found in nurseries or low tree canopy, especially those that are concentrated in the early stage of hatching, manual hunting is carried out, and the control effect is better. You can also take advantage of the phototropism of adult insects, in mid-to-late May, set up a black light, put a basin of water under the lamp, and put a layer of diesel on the surface of the water to trap.
Second, chemical control. When the larvae are found in mid-to-late April, 90% dichlorvos crystals are used 1000 times the liquid, or 20% permethrin 4000 times the solution, or 50% dichlorvos 800 times the liquid for control.
Third, biological control. Natural enemies such as the red-eyed bee can be used for control. In addition, biological control can be carried out by improving the ecological environment, adopting reasonable tillage management techniques, and using bacterial softening diseases and karyotype polyangular viruses.
Great moth
(1) Harm: The pest is mainly harmful to the leaves of bayberry, in addition, it is also harmful to many fruit trees such as oil tea and coffee.
First, manual removal. If the source of the insect is found, the insect sac should be completely removed. Winter clearance should be carried out in time to eliminate the source of insects.
Second, chemical control. In juvenile age, spray 90% dimethoates 800-1000 times liquid or dichlorvos 1000-1500 times liquid, 50% borage pine 1000 times liquid and malathion 1000 times liquid.
Third, biological control. It is controlled with bacterial microbial pesticides such as Cyperus. When pruning fruit trees, it can be controlled in combination with pruning.
Small moth
(1) Hazards: Mainly harmful to the leaves of bayberry, in addition, it is also harmful to oil tea, poplar and other tree species.
(2) Control method: the same method as the large moth.
White-saced moth
(1) Hazards: In addition to harming bayberry leaves, it is also harmful to citrus, tea and cotton.
(2) Control methods: The control methods are the same as the control methods for the control of the giant moth.
Cypress oysters
(1) Hazards: Mainly harmful to the 3-year-old branches and leaves of bayberry, causing a large number of leaves to fall off and branches and plants to die.
First, biological control. Try to protect and use natural enemies such as ladybirds and wasps, and prohibit pesticides with strong killing ability against natural enemies.
Second, artificial prevention and control. In the winter garden and spring pruning, timely cut off dead branches and branches with large insect population density, and concentrate on destruction to eliminate the source of insects.
Third, chemical control. When the nymph is serious, chemical control can be used, and high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides should be used during the nymph incubation period, and pesticide control is generally not carried out in April-May to prevent drug damage. The pesticides used are chlorpyrifolide 1000-2000 times liquid and washing powder 80-100 times liquid. In the 2nd generation nymph fixation phase, 7 can be controlled with 1000 times the solution of chlorpyrifolidine.
inchworm
(1) Hazards: Mainly harmful to the leaves of bayberry, after the leaves are damaged, a lack of moments is formed.
First, manual culling. Before the larvae hatch, the egg pieces are collected and burned centrally. In the larval stage, the larvae can be cut with scissors or the larvae can be pinched to death with a latex glove in hand.
Second, biological control. During the larval infestation period, 200-400 million spores per milliliter can be sprayed with dried mushroom preparations and white zombie preparations, or 25% urea suspension 1000-1500 times for control.
Leaf curl moth
(1) Hazards: Mainly harmful to the leaves of bayberry.
First, manual culling. During the larval stage, the larvae and pupae are artificially culled and burned in a concentrated manner.
Second, biological control. Reference can be made to the biological control method of inchworm.
Third, chemical control. Occurs in May-June. It can be controlled by green insect bacteria, insecticides, etc., but highly toxic pesticides cannot be used. In the second generation larval hazard period from July to August, it can be controlled with 90% dichlorvos 1000 times liquid or 50% borer pine emulsion 1500 times liquid.
Bayberry leaf moth
(1) Hazards: The pest is an omnivorous pest, mainly harmful to bayberry leaves.
First, manual culling. Artificial culling of larvae, egg masses and cocoons.
Second, light booby traps. Every 667 square meters in the park, a black light is set up and a basin of water is placed. On top of the water, pour a layer of diesel or waste engine oil to trap the adults.
Third, chemical control. In the incubation stage of the second generation of larvae, control was carried out with 20% permethrin emulsion 2000 times liquid or 2.5% kung fu permethrin emulsion 3000-4000 times liquid.
Fourth, biological control. In the incubation period of the first generation of larvae, it is not advisable to use highly toxic pesticides such as organophosphorus, and it is best to use biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis and insecticides for control. The specific dosage can refer to the control method of leaf curling moth.
Bayberry moth
(1) Hazards: Mainly harmful to bayberry leaves.
First, manual prevention and control. Combined with winter garden clearing and pruning, the affected branches are pruned off, and together with the fallen leaves on the ground, they are burned in a concentrated manner.
Second, chemical control. From August to October, 40% oxidized Leguo 1000 times liquid or 40% water amine thiophos 800-1000 times liquid, or marathon emulsion 600-800 times liquid are selected for spray prevention and control.
Fruit-sucking nocturnal moth
(1) Harm: mainly harmful to bayberry fruit. From May to June, the adult worm uses an mouthpart to pierce the fruit to suck the sap, and after the fruit is damaged, it rots.
First, light booby traps. You can take advantage of the characteristics of the insect's phototropism, in the mountain orchard, at night, light the lamp to booby trap, set up 1-2 black lights every 667 square meters, put a large basin of water every 50-100m under the lamp, pour a layer of diesel and waste oil on the water surface, and lure the insect.
Second, bait poisoning. Cut the ripe melon into small pieces, soak in 80% dichlorvos emulsion 50-100 times liquid for half an hour, sprinkle with brown sugar solution, and place on a tree to trap the adult insects.
Third, artificial prevention and control. To eliminate the host, that is, to cut down the host tree around the orchard to reduce the source of insects.
Brown bull
(1) Hazard: Mainly harmful to the main cadre position of bayberry near the ground.
First, strengthen orchard management. Strengthen fertilizer and water management, make the plant grow vigorously, and keep the trunk smooth, timely prune the branches of diseases and insects and dead branches, make the shear section smooth and neat, and there are no weeds at the base of the trunk, so as to prevent the tianniu from drilling into the spawning hazard.
Second, manual culling. When the adult insects are feathered out of the hole in large numbers, they use the tianniu to go out at night and carry out manual culling. From April to August, check the base of the trunk for adult bite wounds, glue and discharged wood chips, etc., and kill the larvae with a wire hook in time. If the larvae have been drilled into the trunk, use a cotton ball dipped in 80% dichlorvos emulsion, stuff it into the worm hole to block the hole, and smoke the larvae.
Third, chemical control. From April to May of each year, spray the base of the trunk with methyl 1605 powder, and 3% furandan can also be tossed on the trunk to prevent adults from laying eggs. In addition, it is also possible to spray the branches regularly with 50 times the liquid of the emulsion of quinate or 150 times of the emulsion of the borer.
Root-knot nematodes
(1) Harm: Mainly harmful to the root of bayberry, infected with the root system to form root knots, and finally become black and rotten, resulting in weak tree potential.
First, strengthen the quarantine of seedlings. In order to prevent the spread of this nematode, it is strictly forbidden to transfer seedlings from the endemic area.
Second, the treatment of diseased seedlings. For diseased seedlings, soak the roots in hot water at 48 °C for 15 minutes to kill nematodes.
Third, check the nursery grounds. Colonization sites must be rigorously inspected to confirm that the soil is free of nematodes before colonization.
Key value
economic value
According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2001, the total area cultivated by Chinese bayberry was about 3.2 million mu, accounting for about 2.6% of the total fruit area in the country.
Production synthesis
Arbutus tree is strong, easy to cultivate, long economic life, production costs are significantly lower than other fruits, therefore, is known as "green enterprise" and "cash cow". The main production area of Zhejiang Lanxi Majian, Yuyao, Cixi water chestnut seed bayberry, grafted seedlings such as cultivation method, generally 4 to 5 years can hang fruit, 8 years after entering the full fruit period, plant yield 50 ~ 80 kg, large tree plant yield up to 300 kg, up to 500 kg, continuous planting average yield of 1000 kg, high up to 2000 kg. The main production area of Zhejiang Xianju's extra-large fruit-shaped Dongkui bayberry, under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, can produce stable and high yields, generally 5 to 6 years of fruit, 10 years after entering the full fruit period, the plant yield of 30 ~ 50 kg, 15 ~ 40 years of large trees average plant yield of 70 ~ 80 kg, up to 350 kg.
In addition to fresh food, bayberry fruit can also be processed into sugar water canned bayberry, jam, preserves, juice, dried fruit, fruit wine and other foods, and the added value of its products is doubled.