This is a soybean, this is a piece of Chinese history, tell me, what is the difference between this soybean and Chinese history?
The answer is
There is no difference
I am old K, this is the first issue of the death of Chinese soybeans, follow this soybean, we will show you the history of this soybean, or the history of China's hundred years of rise and fall.
This is a soybean, containing 40% protein and 20% fat, which is 2.5 to 8 times that of cereals and potatoes, of which the protein content is twice as high as pork and eggs, known as "plant meat", is the main source of protein for Chinese.
In our lives, from tofu, soy milk, tofu bamboo to curd milk, soy sauce, bean drums, and then to the vegetable oil of stir-fry, it is the product of soybeans.
In industry, soybeans are the main source of lecithin and stearic acid, the former is widely used in industry, medicine, papermaking, leather, the latter is an ore flotation agent and soap candle necessary substance, soybean processing made of oxidized soybean oil can replace mechanical lubricating oil, soybean mixed with alcohol can make elastomer, liquid fuel, printing ink and so on.
Even the waste after soybean oil pressing is also the best quality protein feed in animal husbandry, Tao Yuanming's "Return to the Garden" remembers: "Planting beans under the south mountain, grass is full of beans and seedlings." Yes, this bean that Tao Yuanming planted was soybean, and at that time, Tao Yuanming was already deeply aware of the problem of soybean weeds.
Of course, this is an afterthought, there are five kinds of the earliest major crops in China: millet, rice, wheat, of which millet, millet, and rice are the most important grass crops of the origin of East Asian civilization, and now, only rice has survived among these three major crops, and wheat has appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, which can only be regarded as icing on the cake for the formation of Chinese civilization.
Shu, which is what we call soybeans today, appeared in northeast China from prehistoric times, and became an important food juxtaposed with millet in the Warring States period, "Mozi" mentions "cultivating crops and trees to gather millet", and "Xunzi" says that "industry and commerce do not cultivate the field but gather millet". That is to say, no matter from the length of planting history or the breadth of social values, for Chinese civilization, the importance of soybeans is on par with rice.
As one of the most important food crops in China, it can be said that the rise and fall of soybeans in the past century is a modern history of China.
From the Warring States period until the Qing Dynasty, China has been the world's largest soybean producer, soybeans are not as simple and intuitive as rice in our lives, but its products continue to infiltrate our lives.
We don't bother to start with the change of Chinese soybeans!
Sino-Japanese War, before the Sino-Japanese War, soybeans have always been China's most important export goods, Japan and Southeast Asia are importers, at this time soybeans have not yet spread to the West, from 1890 to 1900, China's soybean production accounted for about 87% of the world, considering the background of this era, the Qing government survived, the whole of China is changing.
Of course, the end is that China's silver is lost overseas in large quantities, and in this context, it is the soybean exports in the northeast that have kept a line of defense for China's currency outflow, but at this time, soybeans are still on the map of East Asia and have not been exported to other countries. From the day the Beiyang Fleet sank, Chinese soybeans also began a journey into exile.
In 1908, the empress dowager, who had ruled China for 47 years, died three times, and the day before her death, one of China's most bitter emperors, Guangxu, died bizarrely, and in the same year that Cixi and Guangxu died, the Japanese Mitsui & Co., Ltd. shipped Chinese soybeans to Europe.
In 1908, Japan's Mitsui & Co., Ltd. shipped Chinese soybeans to Europe
At that time, Europe was in a shortage of flaxseed for oil pressing, and the arrival of Chinese soybeans was a blessing in disguise, and oil merchants throughout Europe were amazed by the quality of Chinese soybeans.
Looking back at history, you will find that 1908 is like a historical singularity, this year, the old era was broken and separated in the land of Shenzhou, this year, the new trend of thought came from the ocean Fanbang, in the whirlpool of old things and new ideas, hidden in the soybeans of China's century-old suffering, thus began.
In 1909, under the operation of Japanese enterprises, more than 400,000 tons of Chinese high-quality soybeans were shipped to Britain, and British oil mills used soybeans to crush production, starting from Britain, Chinese soybeans spread rapidly in Europe and spread to the United States in 1910, and in the next 20 years, the export of northeast soybeans grew rapidly.
In 1908, China's soybean exports were 1 million tons, and by 1930, that number had become 5.4 million tons, a fivefold increase. The rapid growth of soybeans has driven the entire industrial chain, in 1908 alone, Dalian added 14 oil mills, and in the following years Dalian's oil merchants continued to grow, and finally cast Dalian's title of "China's Oil Mill Capital".
In addition to the promotion of the industry, soybeans are chimeric to the entire direction of Chinese history, far more than you can imagine!
From 1909 to 1930, it was the heyday of soybean exports in northeast China, who were the real power holders in Northeast China during this period?
The warlord Zhang Zuolin
Yes, it was precisely by relying on the export of soybeans that the Fengzhi army became the top warlords in China at that time, and they were able to lose many battles and rely on the real money and silver exchanged for soybean exports.
However, just as the rise of the Fengzhi Army depended on soybeans, the decline of the Fengzhi army was also due to soybeans. In 1928, Zhang Zuolin's special train, on the way, was blown up by the explosives planted in advance by the Japanese Kwantung Army, Zhang Zuolin was seriously injured, and died after returning to Shenyang, which is the famous Huanggutun Incident.
Zhang Zuolin's death is very simple, because he wants to build a railway, before 1925, the northeast railway was built by Russia and Japan, after the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan controlled the entire northeast railway, and the northeast soybean export we mentioned earlier must be transported by rail.
The most important source of wealth for the Fengzhi Army is soybeans, and the most important transportation routes for soybeans are in the hands of the Japanese, among which soybean freight and the distribution of interests in transportation rights naturally do not need to be said.
In 1922, in order to avoid the Bloodsucking of Soybean Transportation in Japan, Zhang Zuolin decided to build a railway branch line, the Fenghai Railway.
In 1925, the Fenghai Railway Construction Preparatory Office was established, which was the first railway in China to be built with its own technology and funds, using the mode of joint government and business, the official shares were invested by the Fengtian Department of Finance, and the shares of the merchants were raised by major banks. This railway broke Japan's monopoly on railway transportation in Tohoku, and its economic value was immeasurable.
In February 1928, the Fenghai Railway was completed and opened to traffic, and only four months after the railway was opened, Zhang Zuolin died under Japanese explosives, and on the day of Zhang Zuolin's death, Zhang Xueliang secretly returned to Fengtian overnight and took over the power of the Fengshi clan. Zhang Xueliang understood that he was not a rival to Japan, and in order to balance, he took the initiative to pull the United States into the chaos of the northeast.
With the support of American capital, the Fengzhi built three more railway trunk lines, which completely replaced the Japanese-controlled South Manchuria Railway trunk line, and the Fengtian government openly declared that Huludao Port was the main port in northeast China, and later British and American countries could only go to Huludao Port to buy Chinese soybeans, which angered Japan.
In 1931, most of the railway invested by American capital was completed, and the port of Huludao also began to load and unload goods, and japan could no longer hold back as its interests disappeared. On September 18, 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army raided Shenyang, that is, the September 18 Incident, only one year after the incident, the entire territory of Northeast China fell, and national industries and enterprises were in danger.
By 1937, in order to expand the potential of war, Japan plundered in puppet Manchukuo, grain, cotton, oil and agricultural products were fully taken over, and steel, machinery, and factories were forcibly purchased by Japan at extremely low prices. At this point, the entire northeast ethnic industry and commerce, including soybeans, have completely collapsed, and the story of soybeans in China has come to an end.
But as we said before, the old era was broken and separated, the new trend of thought came with the wind, and when the soybean industry in the northeast died out, the United States rose up on this soybean!
As mentioned earlier, in 1910, soybeans spread to the United States, but this was only the use of soybean oil to the United States, and before that, soybeans had already appeared in the United States.
In 1765, a sailor from the East India Company brought soybeans from China to Georgia, which was their first contact with soybeans, and for nearly two hundred years thereafter, soybeans were planted in the United States, but as exotic plants, until 1910, American farmers believed that soybeans would never become cash crops, and that the rise of soybeans in the United States depended on a man named Morse.
In 1929, the year after Zhang Zuolin's death, Morse boarded China with an ocean-going flight whose purpose was simple: to find Chinese soybeans.
For the next three years, Morse traveled through the northeast to collect samples of soybean materials, and China was in the midst of an era of foreign invasion and warlord melee, and no one realized the preciousness of soybeans as a resource.
In this way, many farmers taught him the techniques of planting without any vigilance, and Morse spent three years in China collecting more than 4,000 samples, each of which was so detailed that each involved a large number of planting techniques and seeds, and even the growth cycle had a picture.
In 1931, Morse boarded a ship back to the United States, and no one knew at that time that all the valuable soybean seeds and agricultural technology accumulated for five thousand years in china were put in his suitcase, and Morse, who returned to the United States, began to vigorously promote soybean cultivation and share the technology brought from China with farmers.
It is for this reason that Morse is known as the "father of American soybeans"!
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At Morse's push, the U.S. government saw the value of soybeans. In 1931, Morse returned home, and two years later, in 1933, U.S. soybean production had already caught up with Japan's.
In 1941, the United States and Japan began a war, in order to cut off the United States grain imports, Japan ordered a ban on the mainland and northeast China to sell soybeans to the United States, in order to ensure a stable supply of soybeans, the United States government issued planting subsidies to farmers, as long as they plant soybeans, you can get money, in addition to distributing brochures to farmers everywhere.
It reads: "Remember, growing soybeans is helping the United States destroy its enemies"!
In the face of economic gains and national interests, American farmers have pulled out corn crops and switched to soybean production.
By 1943, the United States had accounted for 60% of the world's soybean production, and the American era of soybeans officially began!
In the previous content, we elaborated on the decline and fall of soybeans in China and the rise of the United States, and you may not believe it, but the establishment of our new China today is also closely related to this soybean.
In 1902, Li Shi, the son of The late Qing Dynasty minister Li Hongzao, went to France to study, and he found that the Europeans at that time were completely unaware of the role of soybeans, so they recruited a group of tofu workers in Hebei and crossed the ocean to Paris to open a soybean products factory, mainly producing tofu and soy milk.
In 1914, the outbreak of the First World War, the French milk supply, can only be replaced by tofu and soy milk, Li Shizeng's tofu shop in this way hit the tide of the times, became the most profitable factory, how profitable?
In 1915, France, an old capitalist power, invested 7.79 million francs in the country's industrial, infrastructure and medical fields, while in 1915, Li Shizeng's tofu factory had an annual income of 1 million francs. In other words, the annual income of Li Shizeng's tofu factory is close to one-seventh of the new investment of the entire French country.
After the business expanded, Li Shi began to devote himself to the cause of saving the country!
In 1916, Li Shi founded the Huafa Education Association in Paris
In 1920, Li Shizeng and Sun Yat-sen founded the Sino-French University of Lyon in Lyon
Yes, the son of a late Qing dynasty official joined a revolutionary organization that revolutionized the life of the late Qing Dynasty, represented by his father, and later Li Shi became a member of the Kuomintang's Supervision Committee, known as one of the four elders of the Kuomintang.
But the old K said that the focus of this is not on Li Shizeng, but on this factory. As mentioned earlier, Li Shi once recruited a group of tofu workers from Hebei to go to France, and although these workers were illiterate, they were well aware of the crisis in China at that time.
Therefore, the workers built a work-study school in France on the basis of this factory, attracting a large number of children of the poor people of China at that time to study in France, these students attended classes during the day, participated in the work of the tofu factory at night to exchange tuition, and took time to watch the revolutionary wave in France at that time.
There were two of these students, one named Zhou Enlai and the other named Deng Xiaoping. Yes, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, they both pushed the millstone in the French tofu factory, Deng Xiaoping also cooked fried tofu to sell, and it was in the work-study of the tofu factory that they accepted the left-wing revolutionary ideas in France at that time, adding a lot of weight to the wave of the chinese left-wing revolution later.
Seeing this, you should be able to understand why Lao K said that the history of this soybean is the history of China!
The peril of the Qing government, the rise and fall of the Warlords, the outflow of Chinese technology, and the rise of the revolutionary wave, these key nodes in Chinese history, soybeans, were all involved. But like history's warning, what matters is not what happened in the past, but what happens now!
In the next issue, we will start from 1994, looking at China's most dangerous food war, in 2020, China's total soybean consumption of 100 million tons, of which more than 90% are dependent on imports, domestic production to meet the demand rate of less than one-tenth, import source countries are only two: Brazil, South America, considering Brazil's political dependence, in fact, we have only one importer: the United States.
This means that if the United States wields a butcher knife at soybeans one day, then we may even cut off the supply of old mothers!