Mosses – Subclass Lycaenidae
Eukaryotic domain
Plant kingdom
Moss phylum
Moss
Subclass Trichophyllum
The suborder dicranidae is a broad and diverse suborder under the mosses , with many species distributed in dry or human-active areas. Bracts are characteristics of this suborder that distinguish it from other mosses, and the capsule teeth do not contain an outer tooth layer.
Among them, the suborder Dirandae is the most representative order of the order Diranales, the family Diranales, and the genus Diranum of the genus dicranum.
Subordinate categories:
Archidiales
Dicranales
Purple calyxes (grimmiales)
Pottiales
Seligeriales
The plant body is small, weak, and the stem is tilted or erect, branched or unbranched. The sporangia are apexate and the stalk is short. The expanded basal foot is directly attached to the top of the gametophyte; the sporangia are spherical, and the capsule wall is a monolayer of cells; the capsule axis does not differentiate from the capsule cap and the capsule teeth. The number of spores is small. But the spores are large in size. Spore rot unravels and emits spores.
This order is one of the primitive types in the moss evolutionary system. The degree of evolution of gametogenes is medium, fork-like branches, and there is axial differentiation in the middle of the stem; the leaves are rotational, there is a midrib differentiation, but the middle rib cells are isotypeless and undifferentiated, and the leaf cells are basically homomorphic. The sporophytes are primitive, similar to peat moss, the stalk of this order is only a swollen basal foot, and has not yet been extended to form a long stalk; the capsule axis does not differentiate, indicating that the protodermal body only differentiates into a single layer of the pericardial layer to become a single layer of the capsule wall, and the inner layer of the capsule only differentiates to form spores. The absence of calamus teeth and the non-differentiation of the rosa are also primitive features.
There is only 1 family in this order, which is distributed in China
Subordinate Sections:
Axalidae (archidiaceae)
Asteraceae (grimmiaceae)
Ptychomitriaceae
The family Asteraceae is a rocky or sandy native drought-tolerant moss with dense vegetations and often mat-like formations. An herbaceous plant with an upright or inclined stem, isolong branches or irregular lateral short branches.
The leaves are dense, multi-column tile-like arrangement, lanceolate, thinly ovoid, most of the apex with white transparent hair tips; the leaf margin is straight, dorsal or slightly inward; the middle rib is single and thick. Cells in the upper part of the leaf are small, thick-walled, irregularly square or rectangular, smooth or warty; basal cells are rectangular or square, with a few short rectangles, and the cell walls are straight or strongly wavy and thickened. Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous. The sporangia are apical, ovoid or cylindrical, protruding or hidden in the spore leaves, mostly upright, a few drooping; the stalk is of varying length, upright or curved; the capsules are monolayer, 16 tooth pieces, lanceolate or long-line, irregularly lobed to the middle and upper part, with perforations, or 2 lobes to the base, with a basal membrane. The cap is conical, flat-convex or has a beak. The cap is bell-shaped or hood-shaped, smooth or with longitudinal pleats. The spores are spherical and the surface is tumortized or nearly smooth.
There are 10 genera in the family worldwide. There are 7 genera in China. These include dwarf-toothed moss, pinnacle-free moss, sieve-toothed moss, purple-fronted moss, and long-toothed moss.
The family Phylloscopidae is a bryophyte that administers the genus Phylloscopus.
Plant bodies often grow in cushion-like clusters on rocky surfaces. The stem is single or sparsely branched, with a differentiated axis. Leaves are strongly curled when dry, stretched and tilted when wet, lanceolate or narrow lanceolate; the leaf margin is straight, full margin or upper middle with teeth; the middle rib is single and stout, reaching the tip of the leaf or disappearing before the leaf end; the upper cells of the leaf are small, round or nearly square, thick-walled, sometimes wavy and thickened, mostly smooth and wart-free; the cells at the base of the leaf are rectangular, thin-walled or wavy and thickened. Monoecious. Female bracts are homomorphic to stems and leaves. The stalk is long and erect; the sporangia are ovoid or oblong and erect; the annular band is mostly differentiated and consists of several columns of thick-walled cells; the capsule teeth are monolayer, linear or linear lanceolate, irregular 2-3 fissures near the base, and the surface has a fine dense tumor. The cap has a long straight beak-like tip. The cap is large , bell cap-shaped , with pleats on the lower part and lobes at the base. The spores are small, spherical, and the surface is nearly smooth or with fine warts.
The systematic location and attribution of undergraduates are controversial. Some placed the family after the purple calyx family grimmiaceae; some thought it should be attributed to the purple calyx moss family (deguchi, 1979); some placed it in the order heterodontosaur isobryales, which were considered similar to the wood spirit moss orthotrichaceae. It is advisable to place the family as a separate family before the family Asteraceae.
There are 2 genera in the family worldwide, most commonly found in dry sandy or granite rocks in alpine regions. There is only one genus of leaf-lessing moss in China, and it is also distributed in Yunnan.
Calymperaceae
Ephemeraceae
Pottiaceae
Mosaic family, a species of plant from the order Moss.
Warmland clumps, tree-grown, sparsely lithophytes or native mosses. The stem has no central axis, is erect with single or multiple forked branches, and has a rare transverse stem (e.g., The genus Sis), usually covered with reddish-brown false roots. Leaves have distinct sheaths, often from l to more rows of yellow or colorless transparent, narrow long cells to form a distinct differentiation edge, or 1 to multiple layers of cells, sometimes thickened edges in the ctenophores, the leaf edges often have few or more serrated or burr- or burr- spines, sparse margins; the midrib is single, more stout, often disappears in front of the leaf tip or protrudes outside the leaf tip, the upper part often has most asexual spores, the back side often has coarse warts or spiny spines, the transversely cut mask central main cells and the dorsal ventral thick wall layer, the dorsal and abdominal cells sometimes differentiate, no side cells; the upper cells of the leaf are small, green, Round, round or round hexagonal, often warts, most of which extend down along the edge of reticular cells; the cells on both sides of the leaf sheath near the middle rib are large, square or rectangular, thin-walled, colorless and transparent, forming a specific reticular cell (cancellina), and sometimes the proximal cell differentiation has 1 to more than 1 row of yellow, elongated, thick-walled cells composed of inlays (teniola), and the inlays often extend into green cells. Monoecious. Female bracts are multi-spondylogenic. The male bracts are multilateral, sporangial, and have mostly elongated filaments. Female bracts are similar to leaves. The peduncle is slender and erect. The sporangia are erect, multi-long cylindrical, smooth or inconspicuous longitudinal striations. The annular bands do not differentiate. The capsule teeth are monolayer or degenerate, dental 16, lanceolate, with coarse warts, usually without a protruding transverse septum, most have an undeveloped colorless transparent basal membrane. The capsule has a pointed beak-like tip at the apex. The cap is hood-shaped, potty-shaped or bell-shaped, often covering the full capsule, smooth or upper warts.
There are 3 genera and 30 species in China and 3 genera and 10 species in Yunnan.
The family Pheomeraceae ( scientific name : ephemeraceae ) is a family of mosses.
Tiny, yellow-green or pale green, dull, growing in small pieces of clumps, protofilaments are well developed. The stem is short and weak, about 3 mm long, mostly single, and densely based on colorless pseudo-roots. Leaves are slightly wrinkled when dry and tilted when wet; the basal leaves are small and lanceolate; the parietal leaves are narrow and elongated with slender tips; the tips have fine teeth; the midrib is up to the leaf tips; the leaf cells are narrow and long, thin-walled, smooth, and the basal cells are nearly rectangular, colorless and transparent. The peduncle is extremely short. The sporangia are spherical, yellowish-brown, and cryptogrown within the bracts. The cap is non-differentiated and has a short beak. The cap is conical and easy to fall off. The brussels are spherical, yellow, warts. It is found in the southwest. It often grows in dry winter idle rice fields, grows in early spring, and when water is released to irrigate rice, the spores are mature and submerged in water, and the spores are fern-like after the dried rice fields in late autumn, often forming large communities.
Pottiaceae, a family of 1 family of the order Clump moss of the order Euphrasidae.
Plant bodies are mostly erect and densely grown in clusters or cushions. It is 0.5 to 8 cm tall, with a dark green, bright green or yellow-green color, a sparse reddish brown, and no branches or few branches. The leaves are lanceolate, ovate lanceolate, or broad-tongued, and curled when dry; the leaves are fully margined or toothed, sometimes rolled back or inner. The leaf cells are round and ovate, square or sparsely irregular, with many coarse warts or horseshoe warts, which are sparse and smooth. The sporangia are ovate, oval or cylindrical; there are no capsules or monolayers of capsules, and the tooth pieces are narrow and lanceolate, often coarse warts, upright or twisted. The number of chromosomes is mostly n=13,26 and its derivative number; the number of chromosomes is n=60, which is the highest number of chromosomes in bryophytes. There are 75 genera and 1380 species.
It is born on sunny alkaline woodlands, soil walls, rock faces and walls. In extremely dry places, it often grows in the genus with white hair tips and curly leaf edges. Some plants of this family are more tolerant to dry and cold, and are distributed at altitudes of 3000 to 5000 meters above sea level.
Fossils of native wall moss and tooth moss of this family of plants have been found in the strata of Maine, USA, 11,000 years ago.
It is mostly found in the northern hemisphere , and a few genera are also distributed in the southern hemisphere. There are 34 genera and more than 100 species in China.
Phylloscopidae (seligeriaceae)
The family Seligeraceae ( seligeraceae ) is a family of mosses.
Plants are small, scattered, or large and clustered, single or fork-like branches. The base of the leaf is narrow, upwardly wide or narrowly lanceolate; the midrib is thick, terminated or protruding from the tip of the leaf and is hairy. Leaf cells are smooth, upper cells are short, lower cells are rectangular or oval, and horn cells are undifferentiated or only a few are slightly differentiated. Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous. The stalk is long, erect or curved. Spores are high in female bracts, mostly round pear-shaped, upright, symmetrical, and retract when the mouth is open or dry. The cap has a beak. Capsule teeth 16, long lanceolate, smooth, not cracked, or irregularly cracked at the apex. The spores are spherical in shape and have a small number. Hood-shaped.
9 genera. There are 3 genera in China.
【For more wonderful articles, please pay attention to the WeChat public account "History of World Nations and Civilizations"】