Mosses - Euphrasia (Part 2)
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Subordinate family: Orthotrichaceae
The family Woodyceridae is a moss that is often mat-shaped or flaky densely clustered, mostly tree-growing and rarely lithophyte.
It is often mat-shaped or patchy densely clustered, and most of the mosses are dendritic and rarely lithophytes. The stem has no central axis, the skin cells are thick-walled, the epidermal cells are small; upright or creeping and extended, with short or long, single or divergent branches, full of false roots. The leaves are multi-rowed, dense, clinging to the stem when dry, curled into a spiral twist, tilted or dorsal when wet; usually ovate long lanceolate or broad lanceolate, sparse tongue-shaped; leaf edges are multi-full margin; midribs are up to the tip or slightly protruding; leaf cells are small, the upper cells are round or 4-6 sides, and the basal cells are mostly rectangular or narrow rectangular.
Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous, sparse-leaved hermaphroditic (i.e., the male plant is small and grows on the leaves of large female plants). Female bracts are mostly slightly differentiated and sparsely sheathed. Spore apical, submerged in or elevated, upright, symmetrical, ovate or cylindrical, sparsely pear-shaped. Ring bands persist. Most of the capsules are two layers, sometimes with anterior tooth layer, and are completely missing. The outer tooth layer has fine horizontal stripes on the outside, most of which have warts; there is a sparse transverse septum on the inside. The inner tooth layer is thin-walled, glabrous, the basal membrane is underdeveloped, the racks are 8 or 16, linear or lanceolate or missing. The cap is flat or conical, with a long, straight beak. The cap is hood-shaped, smooth or conical bell-shaped, smooth or with longitudinal folds, or with brown hairs, and is sparsely cap-shaped with split lobes.
There are 4 subfamily and 14 genera in the family, distributed in temperate zones, the vast majority of which are trees and rare stones. There are 3 subfamilies and 8 genera in China; there are 7 genera and 20 species in Yunnan.
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Subordinate Sections:
Ash moss (Hypnodendraceae)
Racopilaceae
Rhizogoniaceae
Spiridentaceae
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" >(1) Ash Moss</h1>
There is only one genus of ash moss, two species of ash moss, small-leaf tree ash moss.
Sapphire (scientific name: Hypnodendron reinwardtii) is a species of tree ash moss in the family Cyprinidae.
Large, green or brownish green, shiny, sparse. The main stem is transverse, the branch stem is erect, pinnate or tree-shaped branches, with false roots at the base. The lower part of the stem has small sparsely arranged basal leaves, triangular ovate; the upper leaves are multi-rowed, scattered and dorsal, ovate lanceolate, with narrow and long tips; the upper part of the leaf edge has coarse teeth, near the full edge of the base; the middle rib protrudes the leaf tip, and there are sparse coarse teeth on the back; the leaf cells are narrow and long, thin-walled, and the basal cells are short and have wall holes. Monoecious. The stalk is slender and red. The capsules are long cylindrical, tilted or droopy, with significant folds. The cap is conical and has a long beak. The cap is hood-shaped, covering the cap, smooth, easy to fall off.
It grows on tropical rainforest trunks, shady woodlands or stony surfaces. It is found in Taiwan; it is also found in southern Asia.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="20" >(2) Curly Cyprinidae</h1>
In the family Cyprinidae, the plant body is slender or slightly coarse, green, dark green, yellow-green to brown. The branches are mostly stiff, pinnate or irregularly branched, often flat on shady rock faces, the ground or tree trunks, and often intertwined. The dorsal abdomen of the stem is flattened and rounded, surrounded by thick-walled cells, the old stem often has a central axis, and the ventral surface is often densely covered with reddish-brown false roots.
Leaves are often rolled back or slightly twisted when dry and stretched when wet. Generally heterogeneous leaves, alternate, lateral leaves are larger, 2 columns; the center of the stem has 2 rows of dorsal leaves, smaller, usually staggered left and right oblique arrangement. The lateral lobes are ovoid or oblong, asymmetrical, with full or upper margins of the leaf edges, sometimes differentiated margins; the middle rib is single, slightly stout, and the protruding leaf tip is mango-like or near-top; the leaf cells are oval, ovate polygonal, nearly square, rectangular, or irregular, smooth or single wart, tightly arranged or loose, and the basal cells are generally slightly longer and slightly larger. The dorsal lobes are slightly symmetrical, long triangular or ovoid, heart-shaped lanceolate, generally sparsely arranged; the leaf edges are smooth or toothed; the middle ribs are single, thick, and often protruding with long pointed points.
Hermaphroditic or all-plant heterobracts. The male bracts are apical and the buds are striped. Female bracts are on short branches and often have colorless linear filaments, sometimes with filaments. Female bracts are often sheathed. The stalk is long, brownish red, firm and smooth. The sporangia are cylindrical or oblong, generally asymmetrical, upright, slightly curved or transverse, often longitudinal folds in the stem, short in the pedestal, stomata, annular and outwardly rolled, often shedding on their own. Double layer of capsules: the outer tooth layer is narrow lanceolate, with transverse septum and fine warts; the inner tooth layer is higher, the rack is transparent, with transverse septum, sometimes with fine warts, the middle seam is often perforated, the upper part is bifid or joint, and the tooth hairs are generally 2-3. The cap is nearly hemispherical and has a long beak. The cap is long-hooded or bell-shaped, smooth or slightly cilia, and sometimes shallowly lobed at the base. The spores are generally spherical in shape and have fine warts on the surface. The number of chromosomes is mostly n=20 or 21.
Some scholars often place it near the Peacock Moss family Hypoterygiaceae because of its form of growth.
There are 2 genera in the family worldwide, Racopilum and Powellia, which are distributed in warm regions. There is only the genus Curly Cypress in China, which is distributed in Yunnan. Powellia is distributed in Australia and the Pacific, and the distribution of "Powellia of the genus Powellia" recorded in the "Flora of Tibetan Bryophyta" has been verified to be a fern in the cypress.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="26" >(3) Juniperaceae</h1>
Juniperaceae, Latin scientific name Rhizogoniaceae, belongs to the plant kingdom.
The plant is stout , green or brownish green , clustered , and resembles coniferous saplings. The stem is erect or tilted without creeping stems, with a central axis of differentiation, often unbranched, no whip-like branches. The leaves are dense, erect or inclined, the basal leaves are small, the upper middle part becomes enlarged, lanceolate or linear; marginally differentiated, with single or double row of teeth; the middle rib is thick, up to the tip of the leaf, the back is often toothed, there are main and secondary cells and 1-2 layers of thick wall layer in the cross-section; the leaf cells are small, irregularly round or hexagonal, loosely arranged, the basal rectangular or long hexagonal, smooth or mastoid.
Hermaphroditic, sparsely identical. The reproductive bracts are bud-like, growing at the base of the stem or in the middle of the stem, and are linearly shaped with filaments. The female has small outer bracts and large inner bracts. The peduncle is long, erect or apex arc-shaped arched, sparsely short; the sporangia are erect, tilted, or flattened, the peduncle is short, ovate or short cylindrical, sometimes dorsal, and smooth; the capsule teeth are bilayered and well-developed; the capsule cover is obliquely beaked. Hood-shaped. Small spores.
There are about 7 genera in the family, mostly distributed in the warm tropics of the southern hemisphere. Only 1 genus is known in China, and it is distributed in Yunnan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" >(4) Xygrophyllaceae</h1>
Spiridens Nees is a genus in the family Psittaculaceae.
The plant is large and strong. The stem is up to 30 cm tall and has single or irregular pinnate branches, sometimes with slender long branches. The base of the leaf is sheathed with a lanceolate, lanceolate at the upper part, tapering or elongated hairy tip, tilted or hashed; the leaf edge is straight, with densely pointed teeth above the sheath; and the middle rib protrudes from the leaf tip. Leaf apex cells are small, polygonal irregular, thick-walled, tapering towards the base, thick-walled, with wall holes, sheath cells narrow rectangular, thin-walled.
dioecism. The stalk is short. The sporangia are slightly oblique, long ovate, asymmetrical, slightly curved, and smooth. The cap is highly conical in shape with a curved oblique beak. The capsule teeth are two layers, equal in length. The outer tooth layer has a rebalosis on the outside of the tooth blade, a transverse partition on the inside, and the base of the tooth piece is flattened outward when dry, while the tip of the tooth piece is rolled inward. The inner tooth layer rack has a high basal membrane, folded; the tooth hairs are sometimes absent.
About 9 species. There is 1 species in China.
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Meesiaceae
Splachnaceae
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="40" >(1) Broscaceae</h1>
Broscaceae, swamp aquatic or wet medicinal products.
Dense clumps of cushions, or sparse clumps of flakes, green, yellowish green, or brownish green, dull. The stem is erect, with only the base with false roots or the whole plant is covered with brown false roots, branched or unbranched; with a central axis or transparent layer (except for the swamp hancai); the leaves are 3-8 columns. Leaves curl up when dry, straighten or dorsal when wet, ovate lanceolate, or lanceolate; leaf margins are straight or inwardly coiled, smooth or serrated, undifferentiated; the middle ribs are thick and disappear at the tip of the leaf or slightly protruding at the apex; leaf cells are thin-walled, rectangular, diamond-shaped, or irregularly hexagonal, bony or smooth.
The plant body is densely clustered, interwoven with false roots, 5-20 cm tall, bright green or yellow-green, and the lower part is often brown. The stem is erect, single, or upper branches, covered with brown dense false roots, the leaves are evenly grown in five columns, the central axis differentiation is weak, and there is no transparent layer. The base of the leaf is lower, long ovate lanceolate, tapering, rolling upwards from the base of the upright lower extension, and the tip is howling and bending to twist, long 0. 8-2 mm, 0.5-1 mm wide in the middle, slightly dorsal curl in the middle and lower part of the leaf margin, straight above the middle,
Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous. The bracts are disc-shaped, and the male bracts are crowned. The shade stalk is slender, erect, reddish-brown. Rutai minister, upright, pot pear-shaped, irregular backflower; Ru mouth is narrow and oblique. The lid is highly convex and the apex is rounded and blunt. The facial teeth are double-layered, the inner and outer tooth layers are equal in length or the inner tooth layer is longer than the outer tooth layer; the outer tooth pieces are long lanceolate or short and blunt; the inner tooth layer is short, and the racks are blocky or narrow lanceolate: the tooth hairs are underdeveloped, or they are lattice-like and attached to both sides of the rack. Big hugs. Ru hat hood shaped.
There are 3 genera in this family, mostly distributed in the cold temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, and the temperate zone is only found in the mountains.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" >(2) Pot moss</h1>
It prefers to grow in nitrogen-rich soils and on animal feces or remains, densely clustered or clustered. The stem is erect and weak, transversely cut mask large central axis; unbranched or forked branches, often at the top of the stem female reproductive buds under the new branches. The leaves are weak, thin in texture, ovoid or oblong in shape, blunt at the apex or with a short pointed tip, toothed or smooth at the edges, and the middle ribs are much thinner than the apex. The leaf cells are largely arranged loosely, thin-walled, rectangular or hexagonal, and the stratum corneum is smooth.
Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous. The male is short, or the same plant grows on the short branches under the female bracts, the male reproductive bracts are head-shaped or disc-shaped, and the sperm organs are long rod-shaped and have a mallet-shaped filament. The stalk is erect; the sporangium is symmetrical, most of which have elongated or expanded platforms with color, the stomata are large and born on the surface; the annular band is undifferentiated; the capsule is monolayer, the tooth piece 16, has a distinct mid-ridge, has longitudinal stripes and dense warts, and is often rewinded when dry; the capsule shaft persists; the capsule cover is round and convex, and a few genera species do not differentiate.
There are about 8 genera in the family, 8 in China, and 5 genera and 9 species in Yunnan.
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