Euthanoptera - Grey Moss (Part 1)
Eukaryotic domain
Plant kingdom
Moss phylum
Moss
Eugenia subclass
Grey moss
The order Hypnales ( ) is a suborder of the order Euphthalmus .
Subordinate Sections:
Willow leaf moss family (Amblystegiaceae)
Anomodontaceae
Brachytheciaceae
Climaciaceae
Cryphaeaceae
Entodontaceae
Fabroniaceae
Hydrophyllaceae (Fontinalaceae)
Hylocomiaceae
Lisquiteae (Hypnaceae)
Lembophyllaceae
Leptodontaceae
Leskeaceae
Leucodontaceae
Meteoriaceae
Myuriaceae
Neckeraceae
Phyllogoniaceae
Plagiotheciaceae
Pterodontaceae
Fern moss (Pterobryaceae)
Subfamily P. vulgaris
Subfamily Rope Moss
Subfamily Fern moss
Island fern moss subfamily
Rhytidiaceae
Sematophyllaceae
Sclerophyllaceae (Stereophyllaceae)
Symphyodontaceae
Theliaceae
Thuidiaceae
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This family is a typical pan-Arctic distribution type, mostly distributed in the temperate and cold zones of the northern hemisphere, and the northern temperate components of the flora are the main body, mainly due to the fact that the willow leaf moss family is mostly distributed in wet or aquatic habitats, the number of species changes are small, and the differentiation and variation of plant bodies are small.
Loves aquatic habitats. The plant body is slender or stout, loose or densely clustered, and slightly shiny. The stems are tilted or erect, creeping sparsely, irregularly branched or pinnate. The stem cross-section is round or oval, and the epidermal cells are often small ephemeral cells, sometimes the cells are expanded and transparent, and the scales are mostly missing, often with filamentous or flaky pseudoscales. False roots are often smooth, with a few tumors. The leaves are arranged in multiple rows on the stem, straight or dorsal. The stem leaves are straight or sickle-shaped and curved, broadly oval or ovate at the base, a few species are slightly elongated, upper lanceolate, rounded blunt, sharply pointed, or tapering; the leaf edges are fully margined or slightly toothed, and the middle ribs are usually single or bifurcated, sparsely two short ribs or completely missing. The cells in the middle of the leaf are broadly rectangular, hexagonal, diamond-shaped, or narrow worm-shaped, mostly smooth, with a few warts or anterior horned process; the basal cells of the leaf are short and wide, and the cell walls are often thickened or pored; most species of horn cells have obvious differentiation, with more or less cells, small or expanded, thin-walled or thick-walled, colorless or colored. The branches and leaves are homomorphic to the stems and leaves, often smaller and weaker in the middle ribs.
Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous, males are similar to females, male and female bracts are mostly born at the top of the stem, the inner female bracts are heterogeneous with ordinary leaves, upright, long lanceolate, sometimes folded, single or absent in the middle ribs, and a few bifurcated. The stalk is long, red or reddish-brown, and smooth. The sporangia are cylindrical or oval, tilted or flattened, sometimes arched and curved on the back, and when dry or after the release of the spores, the lower part of the capsule is brachial. The cells on the outside of the pot are rectangular or hexagonal, sometimes round or square, thin-walled or thick-walled. The two layers of the capsule teeth are gray moss-type capsules; the outer tooth layer has horizontal stripes on the outside, the proximal tip has a stepped ridge, the upper part has warts, and the inner mask is transverse; the inner tooth layer is high, the rack is often divided, and the tooth hairs are often differentiated, long, 1-4, with nodular tumors or segments. The base of the capsule is conical and has a beak-like tip. Cap-shaped, smooth and tumor-free. The spores are small, spherical and tumorous.
The family is widely distributed in the northern temperate region, and there are currently 39 genera and about 300 species reported worldwide. There are 44 species and 5 varieties in 19 genera in China; there are 22 species and 4 varieties in 15 genera in Yunnan.
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In the family Oxboglossia, the plant body is stiff, slender or coarse, yellow-green, bright green, dark green or brownish green, yellow-brown, brown or brownish-green in old age, loose or tightly clustered. The main stem grows creeping, the secondary stem is erect or tilted, single or irregular branches, sparsely irregular pinnate branches, the tip is curled or tail-tip-shaped, and there are no scales. The stem and leaves are nearly homomorphic to the branches and leaves, the branches and leaves are only small, they are arranged or tilted in tiles when dry, the leaves have no longitudinal folds, and the ovate or oval ovoid base gradually narrows upwards into a tongue, the long tongue or lanceolate leaf tip, or the leaf base is ovoid, broad-ovate, the apex is sharp, the leaf edge is flattened or wavy, with fine teeth or fine round wart-like protrusions, rare and irregular teeth or coarse teeth; the middle rib is single, most of which is up to the middle of the leaf or the tip of the proximal leaf; the cells in the middle and upper part of the leaf are round, hexagonal, diamond-shaped or ovoid, and the walls are thin, Each cell has multiple low warts or thick and smooth walls, with a rare single wart, the cells in the center of the base are oval, oval or nearly rectangular, and the cells on both sides of the midrib are transparent.
Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous. Female bracts are usually larger, sheathed at the base, and sharply narrowed upwards or tapering into lanceolate tips. The peduncle is slender. Spores are usually ovate, thinly cylindrical or ovate cylindrical, smooth, sparse or absent stomata; cap hood-shaped, smooth, rare warts or cilia; cap conical, with beak-like tips; ring bands are more differentiated; the outer tooth layer is mostly pale yellow, thin brownish yellow, the lower part is smooth or with weak streaks, the upper part is wart-shaped, the inner tooth layer is short, degenerated or absent; the spores are nearly spherical and have fine warts.
The family was originally an anomodontoideae of the porcupine moss subfamily Of the family Haemosophyllaceae, which now includes the genus Miyabea Broth., the genus Haplohymenium Doz. et Molk., Anomodon Hook. et Tayl. Herpetineuron (C. Muell.) Card.
The family is mainly distributed in eastern Asia and North America, with only the genus Ceratophyllum found in tropical and subtropical mountains of the world, and the genus Varphyllum is limited to East Asia. It is now known that Yunnan has 3 genera, 6 species and 1 subspecies.
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In the family Moss, the plant body is slender to slightly thick, bright green or yellow-green, and somewhat silky luster. The stems are copper-clad or tilted, a few erect, irregularly branched to pinnate; no scales. The lower part of the plant sometimes has discontinuous bunches of false roots; D1' is multi-column, tilted or shingled tightly, sparsely skewed to one side; stems and leaves and branches are multi-homomorphic, ovate heart-shaped or lanceolate, tapering or narrowly pointed at the apex, a few rounded blunt, smooth or longitudinal wrinkled skirts; full margins of the leaf edges or micro-teeth; single middle ribs, up to the middle of the leaf or near the top, and sometimes thorny protrusions at the end. The upper cells in the leaf are thin-walled, long diamond-shaped, linear or insect-shaped, smooth, a few species have anterior horn process, and the basal cells tend to be differentiated, rectangular or square.
Hermaphroditic or hermaphroditic, sparsely hermaphroditic. Female bracts are heteromorphic to ordinary leaves. The shade handle is long, smooth or rough. The hulls are flat or draped, ovoid or cylindrical, and arched and curved. The two layers of the teeth are equal in length; the base of the outer tooth layer is united, the upper part is detached, narrow and lanceolate, yellow, often with transverse stripes; the basal membrane of the inner tooth layer is often higher, the rack is narrow and lanceolate, there are longitudinal cracks, and the tooth hair often has nodular tumors, sparse degeneration or absence. The hulls are conical in shape and have a short tip or a long chant. The hump hat is hood-shaped, easy to fall off, and mostly hairless. The robe is small or medium, round or quadrangular. The number of chromosomes n = 6, 9, 10 or 11 and their multiples, and the dilute n = 12 or 16.
There are 24 genera in the family worldwide. There are 15 genera in China; there are 9 genera in Hengduan Mountainous Area. There are about 250 species in the world, widely distributed in temperate regions of the world, and are tree, stone or native Xue. About 35 species are recorded in China; there are 8 species and 3 varieties known in the Hengduan Mountains.
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Perpetual moss family, plant body small tree-shaped, clumpy. The main stem is lying horizontally, densely packed with false roots, the main stem is erect, the lower stem is covered with scaly leaves, and the top branches are clustered; the branches have filamentous scales. Stems and leaves, branches and leaves are heterogeneous. Middle rib one. dioecism. The bracts are erect, the inner bracts are high, and the peduncles are slender. The sporangia stand upright. The capsule teeth are bi-layered, nearly isometric, and the outer tooth layer has warts and no tooth pieces. The inner tooth layer has a low basal membrane, rack and other holes. The ring belt is missing. China has only 1 genus.
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Cryptophyteaceae, a slender or stout, sparse or clustered dendritic or lithophytic moss.
The main stem is creeping and transverse; the branch stems are erect or vine-grown, irregularly clustered or pinnately branched, sometimes with a few scales. The base of the leaf is ovate, slightly downward, tapering at the apex, with a short or long tip, concave, no longitudinal folds; the leaf edge is flattened or nearly pointed with teeth; the middle rib is single, and disappears before the leaf tip. Leaf cells are ovate or oval, neatly obliquely arranged, with a square population of cells at the edges and leaf bases, thick-walled, and smooth.
Hermaphroditic bracts are the same plant; male bracts are bract-shaped and laterally born; female bracts are born at the tips of short branches. The female bracts are erect, the inner female bracts are larger, with a high sheath, the middle ribs are long or not developed, and the cells are long and diamond-shaped. The stalk is short. The sporangia are erect, symmetrical, and have a few prominent stomatals. The rings are differentiated. The capsule teeth are mostly two layers: the outer tooth layer tooth piece 16, lanceolate, pale yellow, with capsules, no transverse stripes, the inner surface of the horizontal partition is not obvious; the inner tooth layer basal membrane is low, the rack is linear or narrow lanceolate, and the perforation is rare. The cap is conical, with a short tip and a sparsely convex beak-like tip. The cap is small, conical bell-shaped or has cracks on the sides, sparsely hooded, slightly rough, and thinly smooth. The spores are medium or large in size.
The family is divided into 2 subfamily, about 14 genera, with strong hardiness. There are 6 genera known in China; 4 genera are produced in Yunnan.
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In the family Teratophyllaceae, the plant body is slender or stout, stiff, and silky. The stem is creeping, with clusters of false roots, many pinnate branches, and rare irregular branches. The stem is round or oval, with no central axis or a central axis. The leaves are multi-row single layer, and the central axis is thin single or two short or none.
Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous. The spore is erect, the pot has obvious stomata, scarcity, two layers of capsule teeth, scarce inner tooth layer, normal development outside the tooth piece, multiple warts or stripes, and transverse septum inside the tooth piece. There is a basal membrane at the base of the inner tooth layer, slightly higher and perforated. The cap is conical and has a short pointed or long beak. The hat is band-shaped and smooth. A few have warts at the front of the cell. The number of horn cells is large and square; most have 2 short mid-ribs, some have developed midribs, exceeding the middle of the leaf, and a few have no midrib or are very weak. Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous, males and female plant bodies are homomorphic. Sexual reproductive organs arise from stems or branches and have filamentous septum. The male bracts are bud-shaped and smaller. Female bracts grow on short female bract branches. The peduncle is 0.5-4 cm long and smooth. The sporangia are erect, symmetrical, some slightly curved and slightly asymmetrical. There is a ring band or a missing ring band. The capsule double layer or rack degenerates to the point of disappearance. The tooth pieces of the outer tooth layer are narrow lanceolate or broad lanceolate, yellow to reddish brown, and grow below the spore mouth. The outer wall of the tooth piece has warts or stripes, rarely smooth, with zigzag midsch or perforations. The basal membrane of the inner tooth layer is underdeveloped, the racks are mostly narrow and linear, and the tooth hairs are missing or degenerated. The spores are small and generally no more than 55 microns in diameter.
According to V. F. Brotherus in his book Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien in 1926, there are 14 genera of the family Lycaenidae worldwide. In 1978, Chen Bangjie et al. reported in their book "Chinese Moss Genera" that there are 6 genera in the Chinese silk moss family, and the remaining 4 genera have been found in Yunnan except for the limestone moss orthothecium and the axillary moss Pterigynandrum. In addition, the genus Sakuraia, which is not recorded in the second volume of the "Chinese Moss Chronicle", has been found in Yunnan, so there are 5 genera in the Yunnan silk moss genus.
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The family Rubiaceae is a plant belonging to the genus Antiodontophyllum, with rounded stems and mostly no central axis.
The plant body is slender, yellowish green or green, and has many lusters. The stem is creeping, cylindrical, cross-sectional without a central axis, composed of homomorphic parenchymal cells, with slightly thicker walls of skin cells; pseudoroidal scattered, slightly reddish; 1-2 branches, branches tilting; sparse scales. The leaves are densely grown, close to dry, tilted when wet, ovoid or ovate lanceolate, slightly concave, most of them are gradually long hairy, no wrinkles, and the base is not extended; the leaf edge is straight, full margin or has a tooth process or hairy teeth; the middle rib is single short and weak, scarce and lost. Leaf cells are rectangular or prismatic, smooth, thin-walled, and the cells on both sides of the leaf base are arranged neatly in square or flattened squares.
Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous. The reproductive bracts grow on lateral short branches and are filamentous or undeveloped. The inner female bracts are homomorphic to the stems and leaves, sparsely sheathed, and have hairy teeth at the apex. The sporangia are tall and female, erect, ovate or cylindrical, the peduncle is short and thick, thin-walled, with longitudinal folds when dry, and is often inwardly tied below the mouth of the sporangia; the cells of the outer wall of the spore are loosely arranged, thin-walled; and the stomata are born in the peduncle. The ring band differentiates, the dwellings, and a few shed on their own. The capsule teeth are born deep inside the mouth of the capsule, single or double layered; the tooth pieces are flattened and arranged in pairs, the outer mask is sparsely transverse ridged, the inner surface is no transverse septum, the sparse capsule teeth are missing, the inner tooth layer is missing or the tooth hair is missing; the basal membrane is folded if present. The cap is short conical, blunt-tipped or has a short beak. The cap is small, hooded, smooth, sparsely hairless. The spores are small and granular.
According to V. F. Brotherus (1925), there are 16 genera worldwide and 6 genera in China. There are 10 genera in China according to Gao Qian (2002); all are distributed in Yunnan.
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Aquatic moss family, typical of aquatic mosses. There are about 50 species in the world, which grow in the cold streams and small rivers of the Northern Hemisphere. There are 3 species in China, which are only found in the mountainous water in the north.
Perennial, freshwater herbaceous, with a lumpy rhizome, glabrous, milky. The leaves are basal, with a long stalk, sheathed at the base of the stalk, and the leaves are oval to linear, fully margined or wavy, floating or submerged, with several parallel leaf veins and most secondary transverse veins. Spike-like inflorescences are single or bi-branched, the flowering stage rises out of the water, the buds of the Buddha flame often fall early, rarely stored; the flowers are amphoteric, no stems; the flower is 1-3, or none, separated, white, rose-colored, purple or yellow, always existing; the stamens are 6 to most, detached, two rounds, the sustenance, the anthers are extroverted, 2 chambers, longitudinal fissures; the pistil group consists of 3-6 carpels, detached or basal joint, separated when mature, the upper position of the ovary, the flower pillar is short, the ovules are 2 to more, and they are born on the edge of the ovary chamber near the base. Leaf fruit leathery. Seeds are endosperm-free; embryos are erect; cotyledons are apical.
Aponogeton Linn. f. 1 genus, about 47 species. It is found in Asia, Africa and Oceania, with the largest number of species in tropical Africa in particular. There is only 1 species in China, which is produced in the southeastern provinces and regions.
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