Euthanopoda - Grey Moss (Middle)
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In the family Tamarinaceae, plants are firm or stout, green, yellow-green or brownish-green, loose group-forming or interwoven growth. The stem is erect or tilted, cross-sectionally ovate, with a few cells forming a central axis, thick-walled cells in the skin; most 2-3 pinnate branches, tree-shaped or distinctly hierarchical. Few or no false roots. The leaves are multi-columned, sparsely covered tile-like arrangement, tilted or scattered dorsal, sparsely oblique, broad-oval, blunt-pointed, short-pointed or broad-triangular heart-shaped, concave, often longitudinal folds, tapering or protruding long-term tips at the apex; the base of the leaf edge is dorsal, with teeth on the upper part; 2 middle ribs, short and weak.
Leaf cells are narrow and long diamond-shaped, usually with anterior horn protrusions and thick walls; basal cells are often yellowish and irregularly rectangular, and the horn cells are mostly undifferentiated or slightly differentiated. dioecism. The female bracts are wrinkleless, with 2 short mid-ribs and the inner female bracts without mid-ribs. The capsule stalk is long, red, smooth, and sometimes clumpy; the sporangia are ovate or long ovate, tilted or flattened, the platform is short, thick-walled, and the cap is removed when dry, and the spores are released on their own; the ring band is more undifferentiated; the capsule is double-layered, the outer tooth layer is narrow and lanceolate, yellow, with differentiated yellow edges, the lower part has inconspicuous stripes, the upper part has warts, the inner tooth layer is yellowish, the basal membrane is high, smooth, the middle seam of the rack is often perforated, and the tooth hairs are 2-4; the capsule is conical and has a short tip. The cap is monk-shaped and membranous. The spores are small, yellow, and nearly smooth.
The classification of various mossologists in the family is based on different characteristics, including a large range of changes, And Chen Bangjie (1978) in China has recorded 7 genera. According to the world's classification characteristics of undergraduates in recent years, we believe that there should be 8 genera in China and 7 genera in Yunnan.
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In the family Lisophyllaceae, plants vary in size, sparse or densely clustered, mostly shiny. The stem is creeping, tilted or upright, rounded in cross-section, with or without a central axis, irregular or regular pinnate branches, with false roots; absent scales, or with flaky false scales, born at the base of the branches. The leaves are transversely borne on the stem, the stems and leaves are homomorphic, curved, sickle-shaped, tapering; the middle ribs are absent, or have two short middle ribs; the leaf cells are narrow and long, smooth. Rare anterior horn protrusions; horn cells differentiate, square or rectangular.
Hermaphroditic or heterogeneous. The bracts are heterogeneous to the stems and leaves. The stalk is slender and smooth. The sporangia are elevated above the female bracts, erect, flattened, or tilted, oblong or short cylindrical, and often arched dorsal curved stomata recessive. There is a ring belt. The capsules are bilayered, with both the inner and outer tooth layers are well developed; the tooth pieces are narrow and lanceolate, with transverse septum and transverse ridge and longitudinal ridge; the inner tooth layer grows on the basal membrane of the protrusion, with wide racks and tooth hair with nodular tumors. The cap is conical and has a beak-like tip. The cap is hooded and smooth. The spores are small and smooth.
There are 3 subfamilies and about 30 genera in the family, which are distributed all over the world and are accustomed to various substrates. 3 subfamilies in China have their representatives, and 25 genera are now sorted out; 20 genera are now known in Yunnan.
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The family Phylloscopidae is a subclass of the moss phylum. The plant body is slender or stout, straight, yellow-green or brownish green, slightly shiny. There are about 14 genera, mostly distributed in temperate and tropical regions, accustomed to tree trunks, sparse epiphytic wet rock surfaces. Tibet is now known to have 2 genera.
The main stem is creeping and transverse; the stem is erect, tilted, or arched in the upper part of the substrate, sometimes in a creeping branch, with many tree-shaped branches, with small feathers, or irregular pinnate branches, round or flattened leaves; missing scales, or sparse flaky scales. The stem cross-section is multi-circular, without a central axis, or with an inconspicuous central axis, differentiated with loose basic tissue and strongly thick-walled peripheral cells. The stems and leaves are symmetrical on both sides, strongly concave spoon-shaped, round, or flattened and ovate or lanceolate} full margins of the leaf margins, the tip is inwardly rolled, or the edges are blunt teeth; the middle ribs are missing, or 2 short ribs, sparse and single to the middle of the leaf, the leaf cells are multi-narrow and long, rarely rectangular or diamond-shaped, smooth, or with anterior horn process, wall thickness, basal cells with many wall holes; corner cells are small, round or square, sometimes bilayer cells. Hermaphroditic or pseudo-hermaphroditic strains. The peduncle is slender, red, and smooth. The sporangia are erect, symmetrical on both sides, and sometimes flattened or draped and slightly arched. The capsule teeth are two layers. The dorsal surface of the outer tooth layer is often densely striated, and the ventral surface has a normally developing transverse septum and no anterior capsule. The inner tooth layer is usually elevated, the racks are folded, and the tooth hairs are well developed. The cap is hooded and smooth. The spores are tiny.
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The family Leptodontaceae ( scientific name : Leptodontaceae ) is a family of mosses in the phylum Phylloscopus. The body is not shiny , the main stem is transverse , with most of the scales , the leaf margins are fully margined , and the dioecious or hermaphrodites are heterophyllal.
It is small or nearly medium in size, yellowish-green or brownish-green, not shiny, and grows in sparse patches. The main stem is transverse and has mostly scales ; the branch stem is single , or a pinnate branch. The leaves are broad and oval, concave, with irregular ripples; the leaf edges are fully margined, with fine teeth on the upper part; and the middle ribs are thick and strong, reaching the upper part of the leaf. Leaf cells are rounded to oblong, thick-walled, and near-leaf basal cells are oblong-oval. Hermaphroditic or hermaphroditic heterophyllum. The capsules are two layers; the inner tooth layer is underdeveloped.
3 genera, growing in eastern and southern Asia. It is distributed in China.
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The Family P. polulus is a larger taxon of mosses and is an important part of forest ecosystems.
The stem has scales and the leaf corner cells do not differentiate. The sporangium is erect and the inner capsule tooth layer is toothless.
The plant bodies are mostly slender, dull or slightly glossy, interwoven into flaky moss clusters. The stems are densely branched, with a weakly developed central axis; the branches are fine, mostly irregular, erect or tilted; the scales are missing or sparse and not branched. The stems and leaves are nearly homomorphic , ovate or ovate lanceolate ; the midrib is thick , mostly single , up to the middle or pointed part of the leaf , and sparsely short or absent. Leaf cells are equisidal, sparsely rectangular or oblong-ovate, smooth or monochthous.
Hermaphroditic or identical. Female spores grow on the stems, and male spores often grow at the ends of the branches. The stalk is long, erect, smooth or rough with warts. The sporangia are mostly erect, sometimes tilted, asymmetrical; the stomatals are prominent. The capsules are two layers; the outer tooth layer is lanceolate or short lanceolate, with a transverse septum or ridge; the inner tooth layer is more variable, with a basal membrane, rack and tooth hair are often underdeveloped. The cap is hood-shaped, usually smooth and sparsely hairy. The cap is bluntly conical with a short beak. The spores are spherical and small.
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There are 8 or 10 genera and about 51 species in the family Whitetooth, a genus of 8 or 10 genera in the family Family.
There are many trees or lithophytes, often forming large communities. The plant body is thick or slender, green or yellow-green, and shiny. The main stem is creeping , often with brown false roots ; the branch stems are mostly erect or tilted or arched and curved , sparsely draped , single or branched. No scales or false scales. The stem cross-section is rounded, with or without axial differentiation. Leaves are multi-rowed, inclined or oblique, heart-like ovoid or oblong,with short or slender tips; the leaf margins are flattened or teeth only at the tip; the leaves have no longitudinal folds or longitudinal folds; the middle ribs are single or absent, and the middle ribs are sparsely double middle ribs. Leaf cells are mostly thick-walled, smooth, and diamond-shaped in the upper part.
It is found in temperate regions. There are about 9 genera in the world, 5 in China, and 4 in Yunnan.
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Cranaceae is a family of mosses that creep or overhang, sparsely or densely interwoven into patches, yellowish green, dark green, or brownish-black, glossy or dull. The main stem is slender, creeping and stretched, sparsely bundled with false roots; the branch stems are sparse or dense, intertwined or droopy, with sparse pinnate branches or irregular branches.
The leaves are shingled or stretched, the lower part is heart-shaped or ovoid, upwardly narrow, with a short pointed tip or narrow tapering tip at the apex; the middle rib is more single, slender, and sparsely short double middle ribs or missing. Leaf cells are diamond-shaped, oval,or narrowly irregularly rhomboid-shaped, often with one or more warts, sparse and smooth, loose near-basal cells, thickened, smooth or perforated between walls, mostly irregular rectangular, and horn cells sometimes differentiate into near-squares.
dioecism. Both genital bracts are bud-like and multilateral on feathers. Female bracts differentiate. The capsule stalk is short, the sporangia are small, ovate or long-ovate, hidden in the bracts or slightly higher than the bracts; the capsules are two layers, the outer tooth fragments are narrow and lanceolate, the outer middle slit is obvious, straight or folded, the segments are obvious, with warts or transverse stripes, the inner mask is densely separated; the inner tooth layer is low, sparsely lost, the racks and the tooth pieces are equal in length, folded, multiple warts, often perforated, and the tooth hairs are not developed or completely lost. The cap is conical and has a short beak-like pointed tip. The cap is small , hooded or cap-shaped , often with lobes at the base , smooth or hairy. The spores are small and have many warts.
The family is divided into 2 subfamilies, about 19 genera, and 49 species in 17 genera in Yunnan.
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Golden retrievers, the plant body is thick, sparsely clustered, densely branched, soft, often brown to reddish brown luster. The main stem is creeping or clustered, and the branch stems are often erect or tilted, sometimes branched; the branches are blunt and pointed; there are no scales. Stem transection without axial differentiation. The leaves are arranged in a tile-like manner; the stems and leaves are small; the branches and leaves are close to each other when they are dry and stretch when wet. The leaf base is round or oval, not extended, the apex is narrow or tapering, and the leaf margin is often toothed. Midribal single 1 or absent. The leaf cells are linear, the walls are thickened, and there are wall pores. The horns are partialized, the horn cells are rounded, brownish-yellow.
dioecism. The female bracts are borne at the apex on short, lateral branches with linear septum. Female bracts differentiate. The peduncle is slender and smooth. The sporangia are long ovate, erect and symmetrical; the capsule walls are smooth. The annular bands do not differentiate. The outer tooth layer is broadly lanceolate, with slender tips, yellow transparent, smooth, discontinuous and unequal perforations in the middle seam, and sparse transverse partitions on the inner surface. The inner tooth layer has only a low-rise basal membrane. The cap is conical and has a long, oblique beak. The cap is hooded and smooth. The spores have fine warts.
There are 2 genera in the family, and there is only 1 genus of Golden Retriever in China.
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In the family Diplodoceae, the plant body is stiff, stout, sparse, yellow-green, brownish-green or emerald green, mostly shiny, often loose in pieces or layers.
There is no differentiation axis in the stem cross-section, the outer wall cells are narrow and rectangular, and the basic histiocytes are transparent. The main stem is creeping; the branch stems are erect or droopy, 1-3 pinnate branches. The leaves are flattened or loose, oblong-ovate, tongue-shaped, round-ovate or ovate tongue-shaped, more asymmetrical on both sides, smooth or strongly corrugated, rare irregular longitudinal folds, leaf tips are rounded blunt or short-pointed, the leaf base side is folded inward or has small petals; the upper part of the leaf edge has coarse teeth or fine teeth, sparse full margin; the middle rib is single, thin, and rare double middle rib. Leaf cells are smooth, rare single warts, upper cells rhomboid, round or round polygonal, thick-walled, lower cells narrow and elongated, thick-walled, often with walled pores.
Hermaphroditic and male are heterogeneous or identical. Female bracts are bud-like. Spores are more cryptophytic in the female bracts and are sparsely elevated. The capsule teeth are two layers. The outer tooth layer is narrow and lanceolate, often perforated, with warts or horizontal stripes on the outside, thin and smooth, and has a low transverse partition on the inner surface; the inner tooth layer rack lanceolate, tooth hair is often missing. The cap is conical. Caps are hood-shaped or cap-shaped, smooth or cilia.
Tropical, subtropical mountain trees or lithophytes. There are now 4 genera known in Yunnan.
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In the family Phylloscopidae, the plant body is gray-green, yellow-green to light green, with a distinct luster, generally the branches are slightly stiff, clustered.
The main stem is creeping and extending, often with only a few scaly leaves, sometimes with sparse false roots; the branch stems are mostly flattened or rounded, single or sparsely irregularly branched, upright or overhanging, occasionally false scales, and sometimes whip-like branches. The stem cuts the mask transparent basic tissues and peripheral cells, without a central axis. The leaves are oblong-ovate or long tongue-shaped, slightly flattened, concave or incisive, symmetrical or asymmetrical, often in two rows of flattened shapes; with short or slender tips; with full margins or fine teeth on the leaf edges; single or two midribs, long or thin, sometimes missing. Leaf cells are generally narrow and elongated, smooth, thin-walled, and angled cell differentiation, mostly square or irregularly long diamond-shaped, often dark, thick or thin-walled. Sometimes spindle-shaped or mallet-shaped asexual spores with multicellular cells.
dioecism. Both female and male reproductive bracts are bud-like. The female bracts are slightly smaller. The stalk is often shorter and smoother. The sporangia are ovate, brown or light brown, sometimes slightly terraced, erect, and often hidden in the female bracts. The annular bands do not differentiate. The capsules are single or bilayer; the outer tooth layer is long lanceolate, with a folded mid-ridge and transverse septum on the outside, with transverse striations or fine warts, often perforated, and the medial side has a dense transverse septum; the inner tooth layer is often missing or has only an undeveloped basal membrane; sometimes it has anterior capsule. The cap is conical and has a short or long beak. The cap is large , hooded or bell-shaped , and sometimes sparsely ciliated. The spores are spherical or polygonal, varying in size, and have many fine or coarse warts.
There are 4 genera originally recorded in this family, which are tropical and subtropical mosses. There is only the genus Horikawaea Nog in China.
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In the family Cotton Moss, the plant body is slender or stout, mostly shiny, loose or densely interwoven into sheets. Most of the stems are creeping, bifurcated and unequal in length, and a few are missing. Leaf cells are oval, rhomboid or long diamond-shaped, smooth and chlorophyll-rich; the horn cells are slightly shorter and broader, distinctly differentiated, sometimes significantly downward- and consist of 1-8 rows of rectangular or square cells.
Hermaphroditic or hermaphroditic. The male bracts are bud-shaped and smaller; the female bracts grow on short reproductive branches. The endosporine leaves are small, erect, tapering, and sheathed at the base. The stalk is slender, erect or curved, smooth, and generally red. The sporangia are erect, oblique or flat, asymmetrical, ovoid, oval or cylindrical, and do not contract in the mouth when dry. Ring bands are mostly present. The cap is conical and has a beaked obliquely. The capsule teeth are two layers. Most of the tooth pieces 16 are united, lanceolate tapering, most have transverse and shallow grooves and margin stripes, with transverse septum; the inner capsule teeth are separated, with a high basal membrane, with a wide keel segment, and the tooth hairs are developed or missing. The cap is hood-shaped, smooth and hairless. The spores are spherical, yellow-green, smooth or finely warted.
The classification system of Plagiotheciaceae has been studied by many scholars. Brotherus (1908a) refers to it as a subfamily of the family Hypnaceae, Plagiothecioideae, with a total of 7 genera. Fleischer (1912) was elevated to the family Cotton Moss and contains 6 genera. Fleischer (1923), Brotherus (1925) divided the family Lamiaceae into 2 subfamilies, namely the subfamily Plagiothecioideae and the sclerophylloideae subfamily Stereophylloideae. The subfamily Cotton Moss consists of the genus Plagiothecium and Catagonium; the sclerophyll moss subfamily consists of the genera Stereophyllun, Pilosium, Entodontopsis, Stenocapidium, and Stenocarpidiopsis. Chen Bangjie et al. (1978) compiled the "Genesis of Chinese Mosses" using this systematic classification. Then Iwatsuki (1970), Lawton (1971), Smih (1978) moved the genera Isopterygiium, Taxiphyllum, and Herzogiella to the moss kori. Iwatsuki (1987) established a new genus Pseudotaxiphyllum belonging to the Cotton Moss Family. Buch et Ireland (1985) elevated 2 subfamily of the protophylmos family to two separate families, plagiotheciaceae and Sclerophyllaceae, and identified only 1 genus of the family Lamiaceae. There are 6 genera in the family Sclerophyllaceae. Species that originally belonged to the genus Stereophyllum were transferred to the genus Entodoniopsis.
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