"Yangzhou Slow Huaizuo Mingdu" Jiang Fu (宋) Chun Hee Bing Shen to the day, to Wei Yang. The night snow is at first, and the grass is looking forward to it. Entering the city, they look around at the depression, the cold water is blue, the twilight is gradually rising, and the horns are groaning. Yu Huairan sighed in the past and the present, because he had lived this song. Old Man Qianyan thought that there was the sadness of "Huang Li". Huaizuo Mingdu, Zhuxi Jia, Xie An Shao stationed in the initial journey. Ten miles through the spring breeze, as far as the grass wheat green. Since Huma peeped into the river, the pond trees were abandoned, and the soldiers were tired of talking. Gradually dusk, the clear horn blows cold, all in the empty city. Du Lang Jun's reward is now heavy enough to be shocked. Cardamom word workers, Qinglou dreams well, it is difficult to give affection. The Twenty-Four Bridges were still there, the waves were waving, and the cold moon was silent. Read the red medicine by the bridge, and know for whom you are born every year?
Jiang Kui (江夔), also spelled Yao Zhang, was a native of Baishi Dao and a native of Poyang, Raozhou, and was one of the most influential lyricists of the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a young man and poor, repeatedly tried, never made a career, and traveled all his life to the rivers and lakes, relying on selling words and friends to help him. He is versatile, proficient in musical rhythms, able to compose his own music, and his words are strictly disciplined. His works are known for their ethereal and subtlety, and Jiang Kui is exquisite in poetry, prose, calligraphy, and music, and is another rare artistic all-rounder after Su Shi.
Jiang Kui's early life was relatively difficult, and when he was twenty-two years old, he roamed to Yangzhou, which was once "ten miles of spring wind". This song "Yangzhou Slow" was written at this time. It is a typical masterpiece of seeing the scene and being sad.
The preceding preface gives the specific time of word writing (Chun Xi Bing Shen Zhi Zhi, that is, the winter solstice of 1176) The Huang Li is a passage in the Book of Poetry, Wang Feng, written to mourn the decline of the Zhou Chamber. Old Man Qianyan refers to Xiao Dezao, a poet friend of Jiang Kui. The first time the lyricist came to Yangzhou, he had already felt the prosperity of Yangzhou from the poetry of others, but he had never had the opportunity to see it. After seeing it this time, I found that it was completely different from what I thought, and only a withered and depressed scene remained, "feeling the past and the present, because I lived this song since I lived it."
How does "Yangzhou Slow" sigh in the past and present? First look at Shang yan, mainly around the whereabouts.
The beginning of the word begins with "Huaizuo Mingdu, Zhuxi Jia place". In people's impression, Yangzhou is one of the most prosperous metropolises, is the famous capital of Huaizuo, Yangzhou is located in the southeast of Huaishui, the Song Dynasty set up Huainan East Road, so it is called "Huaizuo". "Zhuxi" refers to Zhuxi Pavilion, according to records, the Zhuxi Pavilion on the side of the East Chanzhi Temple in Yangzhou City has a beautiful environment.
Du Mu has a poem "Title Yangzhou Zenzhi Temple" "Who knows Zhuxi Road, the song blows is Yangzhou". The lyricist roaming through this generation of "famous capitals" and "good places" naturally has to stop and enjoy it, so the next thing to say is "unsaddle less stationed in the first journey". "Unsaddling" means unsaddling the saddle, "staying less" means staying a little longer, and "initial journey" refers to the initial stage of the journey. The first three sentences briefly explain the mood of the lyricist who has just arrived in Yangzhou, in these three sentences, the lyricist has an ancestor-oriented idea in his mind, that is, Yangzhou has been a prosperous resort since ancient times. Next write what you see
"Ten miles through the spring breeze, as far as the wheat is green."
"Spring Wind Ten Miles" refers to Du Mu's poem "Spring Wind Ten Miles Yangzhou Road, Rolling up the Bead Curtain Is Always Better" ("Farewell"), praising the prosperity of Yangzhou, but now it is "full of wheat qingqing", the former prosperous ten mile long street, but now it is full of wild wheat, desolate and dilapidated. A strong contrast is used in these two sentences, giving people an impact from prosperity to decline. "Tsubame Qingqing" is reminiscent of the verse "Pi Di Di Di" in the Book of Poetry, and at the same time alludes to the "Sorrow of "Di Di Di" in the small preface.
"Since Huma peeped into the river, the pond trees have been abandoned, and the soldiers are tired of talking." "Huma" refers to the Golden Soldier. "Peeping the River" refers to the period during the reign of Emperor Gaozong and Emperor Xiaozong of Song, the Jin people launched many large-scale invasions in the third year of Emperor Gaozong's Jianyan (1129), the thirty-year year of Shaoxing (1160), the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1161), and the second year of Emperor Xiaozong's Longxing (1164), and the city of Yangzhou suffered many wars and was burned.
The eight characters of "Waste Pond Trees, Judas Soldiers" contain a high degree of artistry. Zhong Zhenzhen pointed out: "Waste pond trees, still tired of talking about soldiers" eight characters, covered from the Tang Dynasty Qian's "Jiang Xing Untitled Hundred Poems" poem its twelve "Feng Ri more trees, Wei Zhou to take the bundle salary." Listening quietly to Jiang Shuo's words, ju is a soldier-weary person". Just imagine, the ignorant "waste pool tree" still hates this, let alone people with feelings? Miao only mentioned that Chi Mu was "tired of talking about soldiers" and suddenly stopped, "not to mention" Yunyun, swallowing and not saying, not only saving space, but also intriguing, it can be said that increasing the number of troops and reducing the stove, half the work and double the results. ”
What Jiang Kui wrote should be the situation after the war has ended more than ten years later, and after many years, even the abandoned pond trees that cannot speak are still afraid of hearing the word "war", which is even more painful and mournful. This shows how profound the "scars" that remain in people's psyche are.
Standing in Yangzhou City, all you can hear is "gradually dusk, the clear horn blows cold, all in the empty city." "Dusk", "cold" and "empty city", giving people a sense of sadness. The "Huaizuo Mingdu" has now become an empty city, expressing both resentment towards Jin Bing and concern about the decline of the Song royal family. The empty city is very much in line with the emotional tone of the sadness of "Huang Li".
Looking at the Shang dynasty, the lyricist mainly writes about what he saw and heard when he came to Yangzhou, although there is not much ink, but it uses a number of Tang dynasty poems, adding the connotation of the word.
The lower part revolves around the feeling. The lyricist first began by commenting on Du Mu, "Du Lang Jun's reward, counting now, heavy to the point of shock." Jiang Kui knew Yangzhou before, mainly through Du Mu's poems, Du Mu was talented, and had written many famous poems praising Yangzhou, such as "Lou Lou YuanYuan more than thirteen, cardamom head in early February." Spring breeze ten miles Yangzhou Road, rolling up the bead curtain is always better" ("Farewell"); "Ten years of a dream of Yangzhou, won the Name of Qinglou Bo Xingming" "Sending Huai)); "Twenty-four bridges bright moon night, where the jade people teach to blow the flute."
Du Mu was so charming and rewarded at that time, but when he came to Yangzhou again today, he would also be surprised by the destruction of Yangzhou. The original intention of the lyricist is to explain his sadness about the current situation in Yangzhou, but he expresses it through commenting on the nostalgia of Du Mu, Du Mu's "surprise" is actually his own "shock", the lyricist's deep mood is expressed by historical figures, and the emotion is more painful and thick.
This also indirectly shows that although he also has the talent of Du Mu, he is not mentally prepared for the scars caused by the war. "Arithmetic", speculation, anticipation, is a hypothetical virtual word. It is expected that Du Mu will revisit his hometown, and he will definitely be shocked by the phenomenon of devastation. Therefore, the feelings that are difficult to express are still expressed by Du Mu. "Longitudinal cardamom word worker, qinglou dream good, it is difficult to give affection." "Zhong", even if Du Mu had the talent to write "cardamom" and "Qinglou" poems, it is difficult to write such affectionate poems when he sees Yangzhou now, and the face of Yangzhou City is self-evident. These few words all have the meaning of the lyricist's own situation, so that writing is more subtle than directly expressing the chest.
"The Twenty-Four Bridges are still there, and the heart is shaking and the cold moon is silent."
According to Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Pen Talk. Supplementary Writing on Volume III: "Yangzhou was the most prosperous during the Tang Dynasty,... There are twenty-four bridges in the Keji. "In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were only seven bridges, including the South Bridge, Xiaoshi Bridge, Guangji Bridge, Kaiming Bridge, Tongsi Bridge, Banzai Bridge, and Shanguang Bridge.
Jiang Kui's claim that "the Twenty-Four Bridges are still there" is not a documentary, but its purpose is to clarify the sense that things are not human. It is also mainly aimed at Du Mu's poem ("Twenty-four Bridges Bright Moon Night, Where the Jade People Teach Blowing Flutes"). The bridge is still there, but the person who blows the whistle on the side of the bridge is no longer there, only the "wave heart swing" is left behind the bridge, the water under the bridge is rippling in the blue waves, a round of lonely moon is coldly reflected in the water, with the waves, the surrounding lonely and silent.... Du Mu's former lively scenes have completely gone.
"Read the red medicine by the bridge, who do you know for every year?"
During the Tang and Song dynasties, Yangzhou peony was on a par with Luoyang peony. Wang Guan of the Northern Song Dynasty wrote the "Yangzhou Peony Medicine Spectrum" Yun: "The people of Yang are no different from Xiluo, and no nobles wear flowers, so between the Kaiming Bridge, Fang Chun march, and there are flowers in Fudan." Looking at the whole city of Yangzhou, only the peony that was planted by the predecessors is the only slightly angry "old acquaintance", which blooms and withers year after year, but the owner of the flower is long gone, and for whom is this peony flower born every year?
The concluding sentence contains a sad meaning in the exclamation, and the question is full of vicissitudes of the contrast between the present and the past, "For whom is it born?" Direct the reader's mind beyond the picture. The conclusion is that the flowers do not know, people do not know, residual scenery, cold color, clear sound, poignant, are condensed in the image of the red peony flower, the endless aftertaste left for the reader to think.
The lyricist selects some specific scenes to express specific feelings, such as in order to achieve the purpose of mourning and hurting the world, highlighting the feeling of "coldness". For example, the "waste" and "disgust" in "waste pond trees, still tired of the soldiers" are all associations of the lyricist's use of subjective feelings, which is the result of the poet's empathy, "waste" can be seen in the depth of the enemy's defiance of Yangzhou, and "disgust" can be seen that people hate the war. "Gradually dusk, the clear horn blows cold, all in the empty city", "empty city" points out the wide range of damage. "The heart is fluttering, the cold moon is silent," the moon originally had only color and "no sound," and there was no difference between cold and warm, but Jiang Kui used the rhetorical technique of synaesthesia to write out the sense of coldness with "cold" and "silent." It is no wonder that Chen Tingzhuo said in "Words and Sayings of White Rain": "The words of baishi are based on the body of innocence, and sometimes there are cold places, and the style is the highest."
The most significant feature of the whole word is the contrast between the present and the past, and the scene of Yangzhou's ruins is presented to the reader as soon as the pen is dropped, which is shocking. The surprise of the virtual Du Mu revisiting his hometown next makes the prosperity of the past reflected by Du Mu's poems, which invisibly constitutes a strong contrast with today's ruins. The lyricist highlights the desolation and desolation of Yangzhou at present from different angles, but uses the famous sentences of Du Mu and other famous sentences for the prosperity of the past, which not only arouses the reader's association, but also adds the charm of the word, so as to achieve the artistic effect of winning more with less. The "famous capital" buckles the "empty city" and the "spring wind" against the "clear corner", and the city's transformation from prosperity to decline is self-evident.
The second major feature is the use of the verses of predecessors. For example, Du Mu's "Title Yangzhou ZenZhi Temple": "Who knows Zhuxi Road, song blowing is Yangzhou." "Farewell": "Lou Lou Yuanyuan more than thirteen, cardamom tip head in early February." Spring breeze ten miles Yangzhou Road, rolling up the bead curtain is always better. "Sending Nostalgia": "Ten years of Yangzhou dream, won the Qinglou Bo xing name." "Sending Yangzhou Han Shu Judge": "On the night of the bright moon on the Twenty-Four Bridges, where did the jade people teach to blow the flute?" So many famous sayings and good sentences have been swept away by "Yangzhou Slow". However, the lyricist did not rigidly apply the poems of his predecessors into his own works, but carefully cut them and slowly flowed out like clouds and flowing water, which not only expressed his love for Du Muqi's poetry, but also objectively caused the destruction of Yangzhou's former prosperity to contrast to today's ruins, killing two birds with one stone.
In terms of highlighting the theme, in order to highlight the sadness of "Huang Li", the lyricist pointed out the inducement of "Huma Peeping the River" and poured out the endless misery in his heart around the theme of Yangzhou's invasion. In terms of terminology and usage, Jiang's words are easy and elegant.
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