On the eighth day of the first lunar month in 1903, every household in old Beijing drank Lapa Porridge, pickled Lapa Eight Garlic, and ate Lapa Eight Ice, which was a festive atmosphere. "Lap Seven Lap Eight, Freeze to Death Cold Duck", Liang Shiqiu was born on the warm kang of the West Wing room at No. 20, Ministry of Internal Affairs Street. Liang's father was a policeman, and he took him to find old books and go to restaurants to see the world. The liang family's study is called "Full Offib Building", "from the ground and the universe (roof) are books, not the wall". "Full of beetles" takes the meaning of "if there is a book not to read, it will be full of silverfish", which means that books are bought for reading, not placed on the shelves to feed silverfish. This is the forbidden land of the Liang family, and Liang's father will not let anyone enter, only Liang Shiqiu will enter. Perhaps he saw from a young age that Liang Shiqiu was a reading seed, and for some reason he was strictly cultivated.
In 1915, Liang Shiqiu was admitted to Tsinghua University. Now Tsinghua University is in the middle of the sky, at the top of the pyramid, for thousands of students to worship, but at that time it was not so mysterious, but the difference with other universities is that the management is very strict. You are not allowed to bring money with you when you enter the school, and you are not allowed to read idle books. Because idle books are for the entertainment of adults, it is not conducive to students' hard reading, wasted time, and even led astray." People who don't know think they have entered Hengshui Middle School.
I know this very well. When I was in middle school, I liked to read idle books, Jin Gu Liang Wen Si, ancient and modern Chinese and foreign masterpieces, watching the sky and the dark sun and the moon, the result was a garbage university, read a garbage major, and suffered a lot after graduation. If I could turn back the clock, I would never glance at these useless things.
When Liang Shiqiu was studying at Tsinghua University, the Zhou brothers were already blowing trumpets through the cracks in the door and were famous. The brothers live at No. 11 Badaowan Hutong, Xicheng. Lu Xun lived in the front yard, and the second brother Zhou Zuoren lived in the backyard. Liang Shiqiu ran to the Zhou mansion one day to invite Zhou Zuoren to come to Tsinghua to give a lecture, and it happened that Lu Xun was also at home. Lu Xun had a small moustache and was talking with two or three friends. Liang Shiqiu entered the front yard, and Lu Xun said gently, You are looking for my brother, please sit in the courtyard.
Neither of them expected that ten years later, they would become an incompatible pair of enemies.
In 1927, Liang Shiqiu returned to China and joined the Crescent Moon Society. The Crescent Society was first founded by Xu Zhimo in Beijing in 1923 by his father, Xu Shenru. At first, I wanted to set up a pure literary and art group, but then I couldn't do it. When we arrived in Shanghai, a group of people got together again, drinking and bragging all day. It was Xu Zhimo's proposal again, "Instead of living in groups all day long, it is better for everyone to piece together a publication", the crowd listened, the group echoed, and it was also a matter of whirring, the leading big brother was Hu Shi, the competent cadres would first push Xu Zhimo and Wen Yiduo, Liang Shiqiu humbled himself "the tail of Ji", is a new brother.
The princes of the Crescent Moon Society honored Hu Shi as "Big Brother Hu". Brother Hu famously said: "Lions and tigers are always alone, only foxes and dogs are in groups." I don't know what the crescent moon society's group of princes counts.
A group of people from the Crescent Society founded the magazine with the aim of writing things, whether it is writing poetry, writing scripts, writing reviews, writing essays, writing novels, they all have to "take out the goods", it is a mule is a horse, pulling out and slipping, playing with craftsmanship, "art for art's sake", neither "gamification" of creation, nor "instrumentalization" of creation.
What is "gamification"? It is purely to engage in creation to please the reader, to please the audience, what the reader wants to see and write, and what the audience wants to see. In fact, as long as the creation is to make money, you must consider the needs of the audience, otherwise no one will pay for it. For example, writing martial arts novels, romance novels, crossing novels, fantasy novels, redundant novels, making martial arts films, romance films, tomb robbery films, horror films, suspense films, individualistic hero films, etc., are all for the purpose of making money. Because these violent, love, curiosity and other factors that stimulate the senses can arouse the audience's desire to buy. And the audience is wide, the base is large, you don't buy, and others buy. In the words of a self-media bigwig, "those who have to be stupid will get the world."
If you write pure literature and make literary and artistic films, in addition to mixing some fame in the circle, hi and blowing each other, making money is not much to talk about, and it is not a high incense to be lost, after all, it is a minority. If the base is small, if you don't buy it, no one else will buy it. I've published a few history books, and the editor told me that these are "niche books" that won't sell a few, and you shouldn't fantasize about selling well. I was devastated, and then there was no paper in the village toilet, but I didn't want to write anymore.
What is "instrumentalization"? For example, in ancient times, he wrote all kinds of prayer poems, eight strands of text, and exhausted his efforts, just to get a stepping stone, high school soldiers. As soon as the door is knocked on, the brick is thrown into the garbage heap and never picked up.
At that time, there was also a literary and art group, that is, the "Left-wing Writers Alliance", Lu Xun was a banner figure, and its members included Guo Moruo, Mao Dun and others. Lu Xun proposed that literature and art should serve the "masses of workers and peasants", should have close contact with the real society, and could not be locked up in an ivory tower as an otaku.
So naturally, the Crescent Moon faction went with the left. The main debater of the Crescent Moon Sect is Liang Shiqiu, and the main debater of the Left Alliance is Lu Xun.
Liang Shiqiu said that recently there has been a "rickshaw puller faction", an open mouth rickshaw puller, a closed mouth rickshaw puller. This faction is dedicated to the grievances of the rickshaw pullers, thinking that they are oppressed and should be treated with compassion and praise. In fact, rickshaw pullers earn money by blood and sweat, and there is nothing to praise and pity.
Lu Xun said that a few years ago, "New Youth" contained several articles describing the life of sinners in the cold, university professor (referring to Liang Shiqiu, small editor's note. It's very unhappy to see it, because they don't like to look at such vulgar people. If there are rickshaw pullers in poetry, it is vulgar poetry; if a play has criminal things, it is a vulgar play. In the novel, even the coachman writes, breaking the law of love in a poem by a talented woman.
Liang Shiqiu said that the Zhou brothers, as the leaders of the literary circles, are extremely powerful.
Lu Xun said that each person has his own vision, thoughts, and means. He plays his, I don't talk much.
Liang Shiqiu said that the great righteousness and strategy of Lu Xun, the leader of the Yusi Sect, and those who have read the "Huagai Collection" must have known it. But the righteous banner of the modernists, and the strategy of his main general, Mr. Chen Xiying, we have not yet understood. We printed his "Gossip" into a book, and those who paid attention to the people in the literary and art circles must have taken a sneak peek. (This is a naked advertisement for Chen Xiying's "Gossip").)
Lu Xun said that I had nothing to do with modernist literature and art. The Modernists posthumously honored me as the "leader" of the Silk Sect, and I will publicly dismiss him. I don't have that big shelves, and no matter what the dog, no matter the stinky toilet, I will spit a few mouthfuls.
Liang Shiqiu said that Mr. Lu Xun's pen can be said to be a needle without blood. His most powerful satires are all from words. Sing three sighs, swaying. He also likes to say the opposite, called "Ellenie" in English.
Liang Shiqiu said that literature is a product of human nature, and human nature has not changed at all.
Lu Xun said, is human nature eternally unchanged? If living things do evolve, human nature will not remain static. The humanity of apes and modern humans will not be the same.
Lu Xun said that I do not believe that there is anything beyond class, and the articles are like the eternal literary heroes of the sun and the moon, nor do I believe in living in bungalows and drinking coffee, but I say that "I have grasped the proletarian consciousness, so I am really proletarian" revolutionary writer.
Liang Shiqiu said that there is no class distinction in literature. Whether a person belongs to the proletariat or the bourgeoisie, what does this have to do with his work?
Liang Shiqiu said that the creation of assets was originally due to personal ingenuity, and if a proletarian had a career, he would have to work hard and honestly all his life, and he would certainly be able to obtain a considerable amount of property.
Lu Xun said that Professor Liang Shiqiu believes that the poor only have to climb, climb to the position of the rich, and then they can be at peace. Although he climbed very little, everyone thought it was himself. Unfortunately, there are too many people climbing, too few climbing, disappointment will gradually erode the hearts of good people, so smart people invent push and bump.
Liang Shiqiu said that Mr. Lu Xun's "hard translation" is actually not far from "dead translation", and his translation pen is twisted. He wants people to "look at it hard", and we look at it hard, but we get nothing.
Lu Xun said that Mr. Liang thought he had looked at it hard, but whether it was "hard" or not, whether he could, was still a question. It is hard to think of itself, but in fact it is as soft as cotton, which is the characteristic of the Crescent Society.
Liang Shiqiu said that there is a kind of person who is always "dissatisfied with the status quo" and has endless miscellaneous feelings, lest once the status quo satisfies him, he will have no miscellaneous feelings to do.
Lu Xun said that when the patient went to the clinic to see a doctor, the doctor said to the patient, you said that my prescription is not right, take out your prescription, it will make people have countless miscellaneous feelings. The sense of miscellaneousness is endless, precisely because there are too many such a situation.
Liang Shiqiu said: We don't want to look at advertisements, we want to look at the color of goods. Wouldn't it be funny to show us a little "proletarian" work, otherwise we would only hear the sound of the stairs and not see anyone coming down?
Liang Shiqiu said that the author of this article (referring to Feng Naichao, small editor's note) gave me a title, "the lackey of the capitalist", and I was not angry. The implication is obvious, I am not a capitalist, I am just a "lackey". Everyone who is a lackey wants to please his master and get a little favor, but which capitalist lackey am I? Or all capitalists? I don't know who the master is, otherwise I would have done it.
Lu Xun smiled, Nai Chao is still too tender, and I still have to come. He said that all lackeys, though they are raised by a capitalist, belong to all capitalists. When they meet the broad, they are tamed, and when they meet the poor, they bark wildly. Even if no one is raised, hungry and lean, and becomes a wild dog, he still meets the tame people of the wide, and barks wildly when he meets the poor. Mr. Liang is a "bereaved family", "capitalist", "lacking" and "running dog".
Liang Shiqiu said, what kind of person is Lu Xun? He said that I had nothing to say or do, nothing more than a few shouts to add a bit of hilarity to the people. For example, a tired cow knows that it is useless, but why waste utilization? (For this sentence, see Lu Xun's "The Causes of the True Transmission of Ah Q", Small Editor's Note). This is really a portrait of Lu Xun's life, and the truth of Mr. Lu Xun's life's life is cleverly discussed in the metaphor of this tired cow. Please think about how many times you have been a "lack" cow while eating grass and panting.
Liang Shiqiu said that Lu Xun had a psychological syndrome of persecution, thinking that the "upright gentleman," "professor," and "gentleman" were all deliberately trying to harm him, as if all mankind could not get along with him, but in fact, there was no such thing.
Liang Shiqiu said that Lu Xun said that the "third kind of person" does not exist, in fact, he himself is such a person. He did not wear leather shoes (referring to the bourgeoisie) or barefoot (referring to the proletariat), but pedaled a pair of canvas rubber shoes. A writer is great or not, it all depends on the work, as to whether his teeth are yellow or black (Mr. Lu Xun is often ridiculed by good deeds because he has smoked for many years, his teeth are smoked black and yellow. Editor's Note. ), in the end does not matter.
Lu Xun said that in Aesop's Fables, animals have a meeting, bats enter the beasts, and the beasts do not collect because they have wings; when they enter the birds, the birds do not collect because they have teeth and have no position. Liang Shiqiu, a university professor, thought that rubber shoes were between leather shoes and straw shoes, and that knowledge was similar. If you were born in Greece, the location must not be under Aesop, but unfortunately you were born a little late.
I spent a whole day reading the "Lu Liang Controversy Record" and excerpting a few witty remarks for everyone to peek into. The debate between Lu Liang and the two is actually similar to our layman scolding the street, and at the beginning they are still restrained, with the identity of Wen Hui, self-respect, not so explicit. But scolding, the qi rushing upwards, it is natural to transition to personal attacks and physical attacks, and scold for the sake of scolding. You scold me for lacking dogs, and I scold you for lacking cattle.
In fact, scolding came and went, or Lu Xun suffered a loss. Because Lu Xun was already a well-known big man in the literary world before the scolding war, there was no need to rely on the eyeballs of the scolding war to pay attention to the brush sense of existence. Liang Shiqiu was just an unknown little person, and he had not even published a decent article before the scolding war, and Lu Xun said that he was "a literati without a letter." He always let others take out the goods, in fact, he has nothing to take. Liang Shiqiu became famous in one battle, became a rookie in the literary world, and made a lot of money.
Lu Xun later realized that he had suffered a loss, saying that many people deliberately scolded me in the newspaper and waited for me to fight back. As soon as I fought back, he made a big fuss and said, "Lu Xun scolded me," thus gaining fame and fortune. Now that I've learned to be obedient, someone scolds me, and I have to see who he is.
In a sense, Liang Shiqiu's scolding war with Lu Xun was a submission to the bourgeois literary faction headed by Hu Shi. Because the Crescent Moon Sect had no one left except him and Chen Xiying. Someone asked Xu Zhimo, someone is encircling and suppressing the "New Moon", why don't you resist with all your might? Xu Zhimo replied, we have Chen Xijin Liang Shiqiu and two people enough. Liang Shiqiu was deeply dissatisfied with Xu Zhimo's "taking it lightly", complaining that I was fighting alone, and none of my friends from "New Moon" stepped forward to support me.
Liang Shiqiu commented on Lu Xun in his later years: Lu Xun had a bumpy life, encountered walls everywhere, and naturally had a sense of resentment, which was in his chest and spat out quickly. He was a native of Shaoxing, and perhaps he had a little bit of "sword and pen official" qualities innately, and he did his best to be harsh and mean to Wen. His Chinese roots were outstanding among the general vernacular writers at that time, and his works (especially the so-called miscellaneous feelings) were indeed valuable at that time.
Lu Xun's miscellaneous feelings, how many of them can become satirical literature with permanent value, are still questionable. The so-called satirical literature must also have some conditions. First, the intention should be profound, the writing should be old and spicy, and Lu Xun is good at this point. Second, the heart of the house should be loyal, and I doubt that Lu Xun has such a heart. Third, the object of irony is preferably a general phenomenon or a common shortcoming, at least not a personal attack, so as to maintain an objective attitude and not to curse the street as a shrew.
If I want to criticize Lu Xun, it is that his attitude is not calm enough, he is emotionally used a lot of time, and his feet are unstable. He has the pen that a writer should have, but he does not have the mind and psychological preparation that a writer should have. He wrote a lot of things, and the attitude was just a deviation.
The word "extreme" is Liang Shiqiu's final evaluation of Lu Xun.
Liang Shiqiu said that Lu Xun was extreme, in fact, he and Lu Xun did not show much "humble gentleman gentle as jade" in the scolding war, not only personal attacks (scolding Lu Xun lack of cattle), but also physical attacks (ridiculing Lu Xun's yellow teeth), quite unkind. No matter how vitriolous and mean Lu Xun was, at least he did not physically attack him.
Therefore, in life, you can't look at what he says, you have to look at what he does. Liang Shiqiu until the coffin was covered, especially for Lu Xun, which showed the narrowness of his measurement.