Learn calligraphy seal engraving must know: how many gate schools of Seal Engraving are there in China? Who is the founder? I. Wen Peng (Founder of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Seal Carving) II. The Anhui School (Founder He Zhen) III, The ShePai (Founder Cheng Yi) IV, the Zhejiang Sect (Founder Ding Jing) V, the Deng Sect (Founder Deng Yan) VI, the Yishan Sect (Founder Huang Shiling) VII, the Wu Faction (Founder is Wu Jun) VIII, the Zhao Faction (Founder Zhao Shi) 9, the Qi Pai (Founder Qi Baishi)

Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the wind of literati seal carving has prevailed, and the seal carvers headed by Wen Peng, the son of Wen Zhengming, have changed the old habits of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, carved gold stones, and spread to the sea, and since then, Anhui, She, Zhejiang, Deng, and various factions, and then The first Diexing and seal carvers have risen. After Wen Peng, the art of seal engraving gradually formed various genres, and its successors all took the Han seal as the sect and became a fashion. He Zhen and Wen Pengyi were the same teacher and friend, and for a time they were called "Wen He", and his works, initially influenced by Wen Peng, later extensively borrowed from the Qin and Han seals, expressed as a shen xiong and fierce style, and created the "Anhui school". Later, Cheng Yikai "Shepai", Ding Jingkai "Zhejiang Faction", Deng Yankai "Deng Pai" and so on.

Seal engraving originator Wen Peng

The following is a map of the Ming and Qing seal carvings and lineages

The founders of various factions and works are appreciated

Wen Peng (1498-1573) was the eldest son of the great calligrapher and painter Wen Zhengming, the character Shou cheng, alias Sanqiao, a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Wen Peng likes to carve tooth marks, and strive to guard against the problem of bending and perverse, the seal method is between the square circles, after Wen Peng's stone seal is carved, it is always necessary to calcinate it into an iron color, and after the stone is calcined, the texture is stubborn, and there is no way to carve it again, so as not to be smoothed out and re-engraved by others. His seal engraving has the meaning of "opening the dynasty and opening the sunset show", the work is based on ease and elegance, calm and beautiful, Bai Wen deliberately traces the Han law, and Zhu Wen takes the song and Yuan relics and comes up with a new meaning.

The founder of the Anhui school was Wen Peng's Gaozu He Zhen (1530-1604), the chief minister of the character, the number Xueyu, the first Changqing, anhui Xin'an (present-day Wuyuan, Jiangxi). He Zhen's seal carving was not as strong as Wen Peng's, but cang was stronger. He Zhen once said: "The Six Books are not refined and righteous, but can drive the knife like a pen, I do not believe it." He Zhen's descendants include Liang Qianqiu, Su Xuan, Zhu Jian, Wang Haojing, Jiang Haochen, Cheng Lin, Jin Guangxian, Wen Hexian, Cheng Yuan, Cheng Pu, Wang Guan, Wang Hong, and others.

He Zhen, the founder of the Anhui school, was a seal carver

The founder of the Shepai, Cheng Yi (1605-1691), was a native of Shexian County, Anhui Province. Cheng Yi began to learn Wen Peng and He Zhen, and later set up his own portal, liked to use the size of the seal bell to recognize the seal, especially thanks to the Qin Dynasty Zhu Wen, but unfortunately not proficient enough in the six books, the seal law sometimes had errors. Cheng's descendants include Ba Weizu, Hu Tang, Wang Zhaolong, Huang Lü, Huang Zongji, Tang Yi, Cheng Yilun, Cheng Jinbo, Jiang Gong, and Jiang Deliang. The Shepai is good at using the astringent knife to imitate the ancient and the wonderful combination.

The founder of the Zhejiang school was Ding Jing (1695-1765), the character jingsheng, the number Longhongshan people, yanlin, in his later years the number blunt Ding, also signed no non-respectful Zhai, Zhejiang Hangzhou people. Ding Jingyuan inherited He Zhen, close to Cheng Jie, and someone commented on him: "Since entering the Qing Dynasty, Wen He's old body, skin and bones have been exhausted, the Anhui Sect's sons, the force of retro law, and the ancient law is only restored, Ding Jing and the elders, not the Lord is one, so the house is great." "Because Ding Jingli pursues the ancient sages, but does not stick to the Han family's law, what he sees is far away, and he is arrogant. The Zhejiang sect includes Jin Nong, Zheng Banqiao, Huang Yi, Xi Gang, Jiang Ren, Chen Hongshou, Hu Zhen, Zhang Yanchang, Yang Lan, Weng Danian, Yang Dashou, Chen Zuwang, Zhong Yijing, Jiang Zun, Yang You, Wu Hao, Hua Fu, and Lu Tai.

The founder of the Deng Sect, Deng Yan (1743-1805), the character Shi Ru, the word Stubborn Bo, the number of gu Huanzi, the completion of the Baishan people, the Guyou Dao people, the Longshan tree chief, feng shui fishing chief, Anhui Huaining people. Deng Shiru's calligraphy is strong and simple, and the seal carving is also like his book, the teacher inherits Liang Qianqiu, but has his own innovation, disdainful of taking Qin and Han as the highest standard, and the seal method is round and strong, unique. Descendants include Bao Shichen, Wu Xizai, Zhao Zhiqian, Hu Shu, Zhou Qitai, and Cheng Quan.

The founder of the Yishan school, Huang Shiling (1849-1908), was a mufu of The Yishan sect, a native of Yishan County, Anhui. Shi Cheng, between Wu Xizai and Zhao Zhiqian, was also a branch of the Deng Sect. Bai Wenduo imitated Zhao Zhiqian, and stood tall, occasionally carving ancient seals of the Qin Dynasty, which was quite ancient. His Zhu Wenyin was mixed with ancient coin characters into the print, the drum knife was straight in, sharp, and the wrist strength was unparalleled at that time. Huang Shiling's descendants include his sons Huang Shaomu and Gaozu Li Yinsang.

The founder of the Wu school, Wu Jun (1844-1927), also known as Junqing, was known as Cangshuo and Changshuo. In the early days, he studied Ding Jing and Deng Shiru, then studied Wu Xizai and Zhao Zhiqian, and later saw the Qilu Sealing Clay and the Brick and Tile Script of the Six Dynasties of Han and Wei, and the style changed one by one, changing the Zhejiang School, she school, astringent knife cutting knife, and dashu profound technique, replacing it with a round dry blunt blade, driving stone bones, and retreating with hands, all unsatisfactory. Wu Changshuo's descendants are Wang Xian and Fei Yan.

The founder of the Zhao school, Zhao Shi (1873-1933), was a stone farmer, a typo for ancient mud and stone Dao, and a Changshu person. Zhao Guyi studied Wu Changshuo in his early years, and Wu Changshuo's rule focused on swords and pens, so the rules and regulations often had a situation of abrupt governance. And Zhao Guni has a special understanding of the rules, before engraving, he must write out the seal on the paper to ensure excellence. If there is a slight impropriety, it must be repeatedly deliberated and modified, and it must be peaceful and yuyi before it is willing to move the knife, so Zhao Guni's seal is flat and righteous, and the graceful and skillful person magically changes.

The founder of the Qi school, Qi Baishi (1864-1957), was originally known as Huang. Poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing have achieved outstanding achievements, and they first studied the Zhejiang school, and later studied the late Qing Dynasty, and were most influenced by Wu Changshuo. Inspired by the Han Dynasty's single-knife general seal, he further developed Zhao Zhiqian's method of single-knife straight cutting. He believes that the control of printing should be avoided "imitation, work, and cutting", so his works are not embellished and have a unique interest. His "freehand" seal engraving art opened another school in addition to Wu Changshuo.