Whether Feng Yuxiang was a hero or a sinner can be clearly seen from his nine "defections".
The first "defection": the Luanzhou uprising "reversed the Qing".
The Luanzhou Uprising, also known as the Luanzhou Uprising of the Xinhai Revolution, was an anti-Qing uprising under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen.
In October 1911, after the Outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising, uprisings broke out in the southern provinces, but there were too few uprisings in the northern provinces to shake the Qing Dynasty enough. Therefore, the revolutionary party also stepped up its planning of the uprising in the north, and Sun Yat-sen sent Bai Yayu to the north to plan the uprising and contact Shi Congyun, Wang Jinming, Feng Yuxiang and others. Shi, Wang, and Feng were all battalion commanders of the Beiyang Army, and Shi hewang was also a member of the League.
On January 3, 1912, revolutionaries declared an uprising in Luanzhou and formed a revolutionary government in the north. Wang Jinming served as the governor, Shi Congyun as the commander-in-chief, Feng Yuxiang as the chief of the general staff, and Bai Yayu as the chief of staff.
On January 4, the rebels were suppressed by the Qing army. Shi Congyun, Wang Jinming, and Bai Yayu were all captured, and Feng Yuxiang was also captured, but rescued by Lu Jianzhang.
Although the Luanzhou Rebellion failed, it was particularly shocking to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. Because the site of the uprising was very close to the Beijing Division, the insurgent was the Beiyang New Army, which showed that the Qing Dynasty also lost the military heart and people's hearts in Zhili. Therefore, after more than a month, the Qing Emperor abdicated.
Conclusion: This is not a defection, this is a revolution. This is Feng's credit.
The second "defection": the "overthrow of Yuan" in the Patriotic War.
On December 12, 1915, Yuan Shikai became emperor.
Thirteen days later, Cai Yi announced in Yunnan that he would raise an army to woo Yuan and set off a campaign to protect the country. The defenders of the Dian Army attacked Sichuan in three ways, two ways, and detoured all the way to Two Guangzhou, looking for opportunities to attack Hunan and Jiangxi.
The Sichuan army alone could not prevent the Defending State Dian Army, and Feng Yuxiang's Sixteenth Mixed Brigade was also sent to Sichuan to fight against the Defending Army.
Feng Yuxiang was opposed to Yuan Shikai's claim to the throne, so he and Cai Yi privately negotiated peace. Immediately afterward, Feng Yuxiang also forced the Sichuan overseer Chen Mi to revolt against Yuan Shikai's claim to emperor.
Chen Mi was Yuan Shikai's most trusted person, and he sent a telegram against Yuan Yuan to give Yuan Shikai a fatal blow. Soon, Yuan Shikai stopped claiming the title of emperor and died soon after.
When Chen Mi returned to Beijing, Yuan Shikai was already dead, but he explained the truth to the Beiyang generals. From then on, the leaders of the Beiyang Army regarded Feng Yuxiang as something else.
Conclusion: From Yuan Shikai's point of view, this is indeed a reversal. From the perspective of the country and the people, it is not a defection, it is a just act, and it is another great credit to Feng.
The third "reversal": Wuxue stopped the army and fell Duan Qirui.
Soon after Feng Yuxiang led his troops back to Beijing from Sichuan, he was stripped of his military power by Duan Qirui because of some trivial matters. Duan Qirui and Wu Peifu's attitude toward Feng Yuxiang has always been to use people to face forward, not to use people to face backwards, to throw them after use, and never to regard Feng as their own.
Soon, Zhang Xun was restored.
The officers and men of the 16th Mixed Brigade drove away the brigade commander sent by Duan Qirui, and under the leadership of Feng Yuxiang, they broke into Beijing and drove away Zhang Xun. Duan Qirui returned to power and reappointed Feng Yuxiang as the brigade commander of the 16th Mixed Brigade.
After Duan Qirui returned to power, he announced the repeal of the Provisional Covenant Law and the reformulation of the constitution. Sun Yat-sen immediately launched a "Dharma Protection Movement" in Guangdong.
The Protector army attacked Fujian. Duan Qirui ordered Feng Yuxiang to lead his troops to Fujian to fight against the Protectors.
Feng Yuxiang led the soldiers to the Nanjing Wuxue And did not leave. There are a lot of reasons, such as lack of food, lack of pay, lack of soldiers, bad weather and so on.
At that time, Duan Qirui was the premier of the state, and Feng Guozhang was the president, and the two did not deal with each other. Feng Guozhang secretly supported Feng Yuxiang.
The matter was finally settled.
Summary: Feng was a little fan of Sun Yat-sen and did not support fighting a civil war. Justice is also on the side of the Protector. Feng Yuxiang was right to stop the troops, reducing the military disaster.
The fourth time: launched a coup d'état in Beijing and overthrew Cao Kun Wu Peifu.
In 1924, the Zhifeng War broke out. In the case that the Feng clan broke through the nine gates, the defeat of the direct family was already decided. Feng Yuxiang suddenly staged a coup d'état and imprisoned Cao Kun.
The coup d'état caused the immediate army to collapse completely, and Wu Peifu fled.
Before the Zhifeng War, Feng Yuxiang's relationship with Wu Peifu and Cao Kun had become very poor, and Wu Peifu wanted to use the hands of the Feng family to eliminate Feng Yuxiang on the battlefield. Even if the battle is won, Feng Yuxiang will not be rewarded, because he is not a direct concubine.
Therefore, Feng Yuxiang launched a coup d'état first for self-preservation, and secondly, his immediate family was too corrupt, plundering the land and making the people unhappy. Moreover, Feng Yuxiang and Sun Yat-sen's people have already made contact and are ready to tear down the direct family and let Sun Yat-sen form a cabinet.
Summary: Feng Yuxiang has never been a subordinate of Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, and in fact, he cannot talk about defection. After the coup, the expulsion of Puyi can also be regarded as making some contributions. It was only because of Zhang Zuolin's destruction that Sun Yat-sen's wish to form a cabinet was not realized.
Fifth time: Support Guo Songling's rebellion and overthrow Zhang Zuolin.
In 1925, Guo Songling formed an alliance with Feng Yuxiang and Li Jinglin and rebelled against Feng. Zhang Zuolin was beaten to the point of losing his armor and was very embarrassed, and finally signed a traitorous treaty in the Japanese military camp, and won the support of the Japanese to defeat Guo Songling.
Feng Yuxiang was never Zhang Zuolin's subordinate, and he could not talk about defecting.
During the Zhifeng War, the two had been allies, and Zhang Zuolin promised that he would never enter the customs just to defeat the evil spirit of the Feng clan, and also supported Sun Yat-sen in forming a cabinet.
After the collapse of the direct line, Zhang Zuolin tore up the covenant, entered the customs under the pretext of pursuing the direct family, supported Duan Qirui to form a cabinet, ostracized Sun Yat-sen, and regarded Feng Yuxiang as the biggest opponent, always ready to eliminate Feng Yuxiang.
Under these circumstances, in order to weaken Zhang Zuolin, Feng Yuxiang had to support Guo Songling against Feng.
The sixth time, The Five Plains Oath Master, fell Beiyang.
After the defeat of Guo Songling's army, Zhang Zuolin joined forces with Wu Peifu and Yan Xishan, and more than 500,000 troops attacked Feng Yuxiang.
Before the war began, Feng Yuxiang announced that he would go to the Soviet Union to investigate. But Feng, Zhi, and Yan did not stop there. From May to August 1926, the four sides fought in Nankou for several months, and finally Feng Yuxiang's hundreds of thousands of Northwest Army completely collapsed, and the remnants fled to Baotou and Gansu.
The Battle of Nankou was an important part of the Northern Expedition and directly affected the development of Chinese history. Because when the Nankou War broke out, the Northern Expeditionary Army had already begun the Northern Expedition.
Because Wu Peifu's more than 100,000 troops were concentrated in the south mouth to fight Feng Yuxiang, Hubei and Hunan were empty in defense, and the Northern Expeditionary Army attacked Hunan all the way and came to Hubei. At the end of the Battle of Nankou, Wu Peifu only brought more than 20,000 people back to defend Wuhan.
In September 1926, Feng Yuxiang returned from the Soviet Union, gathered more than 200,000 people from the old headquarters of the Northwest Army, held an oath-taking meeting in Wuyuan County, announced that he would join the National Revolutionary Army, support Sun Yat-sen's "three major policies", and prepare to wave his division eastward to overthrow the Beiyang warlords.
Feng Yuxiang's Nationalist Army and the Northern Expeditionary Army cooperated for more than two years to drive the Fengzhi warlords to Guanwai, and the Beiyang government was terminated.
Summary: In the Northern Expedition War, Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army contributed the most. Sun Yat-sen's wish was fulfilled. Feng was not Zhang Zuolin's subordinate, nor could he talk about defecting.
Seventh "defection": gifts were sent out of the country in 1927.
In 1927, Lao Jiang, Wang Jingwei, and Bai Chongxi launched the 412 counterrevolutionary coup d'état, slaughtering millions. Jiang and Wang asked Feng Yuxiang to join in.
Feng only sent dozens of red political workers from the army out of the country and paid them travel expenses.
Wang Jingwei sent a telegram asking Feng Yuxiang to kill Borodin. At that time, Borodin happened to be in Feng Yuxiang's military camp. But Feng Yuxiang ignored it and sent someone to send Borodin all the way to Cullen.
This is not a reversal. In contrast, Feng was very kind.
The eighth time: the Great War of the Central Plains, the overthrow of Chiang Kai-shek.
After the Northern Expedition, the Feng clan retreated to the northeast, with Feng Yuxiang having 420,000 troops, Yan Xishan having 200,000 troops, and Gui clan also having 200,000 people.
Old Jiang began to cut the domain, first taking the Gui clan to open the knife, and in a few months, he beat the Gui clan and lost its armor and lost his hometown of Guangxi.
Next, start dealing with Feng Yuxiang. But Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan did not want to be broken by each other, and would not sit still, so they joined forces to deal with Jiang. This is the Great War of the Central Plains.
In the end, because Zhang Xueliang entered the customs, Feng and Yan failed. Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army collapsed, and Feng became the commander of the Light Pole.
Summary: The Great War of the Central Plains was a warlord melee, and there was no just side. Feng Yuxiang's only failure in his life. But from Feng Yuxiang's point of view, it is not wrong to try to overthrow old Jiang, let alone turn against him.
The Ninth Time: Overthrowing Chiang Kai-shek in the War of Liberation.
In 1948, the Liberation War was in full swing, and Feng Yuxiang went abroad to investigate. In January, Feng gave an anti-Chiang speech in the United States to overthrow Chiang alongside the democrats, and remained so for months afterward.
This is not a reversal. Feng is already the commander of the light rod, what is the opposite? At best, it's progressive rhetoric.
Summary of the whole text: The nine defections of the so-called "defecting generals" are actually remarks that smear patriotic general Feng Yuxiang. Tasting the nine times he turned against him, he could see Feng Yuxiang's pure heart and patriotic heart.
You can also say your own opinion.