Comprehensively improve the great protection and governance capacity of the Yellow River Basin

【Authoritative Interpretation】

Author: Zhang Jinliang (Secretary of the Party Committee of the Yellow River Design Institute, Professor-level Senior Engineer, Member of the National Committee of the China Association for Science and Technology)

Promoting the major national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is of great significance to achieving the "two hundred years" goal and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. At present and for some time to come, we should take the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speech and instructions on ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin as the guide, anchor the goal of the construction of the Happy River, benchmark the five major tasks of ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, take the full implementation of the "Outline of the Yellow River Basin Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Plan" as the starting point, and strive to improve the disaster prevention and reduction system, promote the intensive conservation and utilization of the Yellow River Water Resources, strengthen ecological protection and governance, and promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Protect, inherit and carry forward the Five Major Systems of the Yellow River Culture, and comprehensively improve the great protection and governance capabilities of the Yellow River Basin.

The biggest threat in the Yellow River Basin is flooding, where less water and more sand and uncoordinated water-sand relations are the crux of the Yellow River's complexity and incurability. The "upper barrier" project is not perfect, the "lower row" project is not perfect, and the use of the "diversion" flood area is affected, and the lives of more than 1 million people in the beach area are threatened by floods. At present and for some time to come, it is necessary to focus on the regulation and control of water and sand, adhere to the two major strategies of "stopping and discharging from the top and leaving the two sides of the strait" to regulate and control floods and "blocking, adjusting, discharging, releasing, and digging" and comprehensively treating sediment, improve the overall layout of flood prevention with the lower reaches of the Yellow River as the focus, taking into account the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, the main tributaries, urban flood prevention, and flash flood disaster prevention and control, improve the water and sand regulation and control system with major water conservancy projects such as backbone reservoirs as the mainstay, and build a comprehensive flood prevention and disaster reduction system in the river basin that integrates dots, lines, and surfaces, and combines engineering and non-engineering measures.

The Yellow River accounts for 2% of the country's water resources, carries 12% of the country's population, 15% of the cultivated land and 14% of the total economic volume, the current utilization rate of water resources development and utilization of more than 80%, the development and utilization of water resources for a long time more than the carrying capacity. At present and for some time to come, it is necessary to comprehensively implement water-saving and water-control actions; comprehensively implement the "water resources as the greatest rigid constraint", rationally plan the population, city and industrial layout, and promote the coordination of economic and social development with the carrying capacity of water resources; take the water diversion projects such as the Western Line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as the "program", take the water resources allocation projects in key areas as the "purpose", and take the control and storage projects such as Guxian as the "knot" to build a "complete system, safe and reliable, intensive and efficient, green and intelligent, smooth circulation, and orderly regulation and control." The Large Water Network of the Yellow River has comprehensively enhanced the overall allocation capacity of water resources in the Yellow River Basin and the ability to guarantee water supply.

The Yellow River Basin is one of the watersheds with wide distribution, the largest number of fragile ecological types and the most obvious ecological vulnerability in China, and most of the river basins are located in china's moderately fragile, severely fragile and extremely fragile areas. At present and for some time to come, it is necessary to build an ecological protection pattern of "three districts and one corridor" with the Heyuan area, the Loess Plateau area and the Hekou area as the focus and the main tributaries of the Yellow River as the main line, and implement natural restoration and major ecological restoration projects in the water conservation areas dominated by Sanjiangyuan, Ruoergai, Gannan, Qilian Mountain, Qinling Mountain, and Liupanshan Mountain; and strengthen the comprehensive management of soil erosion in the water and soil conservation areas dominated by the loess plateau in eastern Qinghai, longzhong Longdong, northern Shaanxi, northwestern Jin, and southern Ningxia To strengthen the protection and restoration of wetland reserves mainly in important wetlands such as the mouth of the Yellow River, and to comprehensively improve the functions of ecological corridors with the main stream of the Yellow River and the tributaries of Huangshui, Daxia River, Taohe River, Wuding River, Weihe River, Fenhe River, Yiluo River, Qin River, Jindi River and Dawen River.

In terms of promoting the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, the Yellow River Basin generally has problems such as excessive secondary production, too light tertiary production, and "relying on energy", the pace of conversion of new and old kinetic energy is delayed, the economic growth momentum is insufficient, and the overall development level of the river basin is not high. At present and for some time to come, it is necessary to implement the "two highs and one excellent strategy", develop high-quality primary production, high-quality secondary production, and high proportion of tertiary production, optimize the industrial structure and spatial layout, combine the carbon neutrality strategy, focus on promoting the construction of unit-type wind, photovoltaic, water storage and clean energy bases to replace coal power, adjust the energy structure, achieve carbon reduction and water saving, and promote the economic development of the Yellow River Basin to the high-end; persist in fixing the land with water, strictly control the total amount of agricultural water use, reasonably control the scale of irrigation, develop dryland agriculture according to local conditions, and guide water-suitable planting and water production Adhere to the use of water to determine the city, with water to determine the scale of development, reasonable determination of the scale of development of cities, industries, land, population, etc., strictly controlled within the scope of water resources carrying capacity; adhere to the use of water to determine production, vigorously develop the tertiary industry, strictly control high water consumption of new construction, reconstruction, expansion projects, the energy industry should optimize the industrial structure, control the scale of development, and guide industrial enterprises to gather in industrial parks.

The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation, and the Yellow River culture is an important part of Chinese civilization. At present and for some time to come, it is necessary to promote the protection of the cultural heritage of the Yellow River, implement the census project of the cultural heritage of the Yellow River, conduct a systematic and comprehensive census of the cultural heritage of the Yellow River, and enhance the intensity of protection; deeply inherit the Yellow River culture, continue the historical context, strengthen cultural self-confidence, deeply inherit the excellent traditional Chinese culture and revolutionary culture, integrate into the advanced socialist culture, and realize the transmission of the Yellow River culture in practice; tell the story of the Yellow River well, innovate the way of yellow river culture dissemination, and form a whole time and space, all elements, all formats, all windows, and popularization. The publicity pattern of all media promotes the deep integration of cultural tourism.

Guangming Daily ( 06/11/2021)

Source: Guangming Network - Guangming Daily