In the Three Kingdoms era when the Central Plains was boiling, there was a paradise, and the sound of golden drums was rarely heard for forty years, but it was intentionally or unintentionally ignored by Luo Guanzhong.
It is no wonder that "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is written in the family country, Wang Tu hegemony, Jinge iron horse, conspiracy and trickery, there is no contradiction and conflict, good drama he can not come out. And this land that has been forgotten by various dramas is Jiaozhou under the rule of Shi Xie.
In 111 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed the State of Nanyue and established the Jiaotong Thorn History Department in his hometown, which was one of the thirteen thorn history departments of the Han Dynasty. There are nine counties of Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaojiao (一作交阯), Jiuzhen, Nichinan, Zhuya, and Dan'er, of which Jiaojiao, Jiuzhen and Nichinan are all in the territory of today's Vietnam. Later, the two counties of Zhuya and Dan'er on Hainan Island were abolished, and by the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Jiaotong Thorn History Department was officially called Jiaozhou, which still had jurisdiction over seven counties and became the territory of Shi Xie in the Three Kingdoms era.
The History of the Eastern Han Dynasty
Shi Xie's "avoidance" skills were of family origin, and his ancestors were from Wenyang, Luguo (present-day Wenyang Town, Feicheng County, Shandong Province), and in order to escape the Rebellion of Xinmang, his family migrated to Jiaozhou.
After six generations of reproduction, Shi Xie's father Shi Shi served as the Taishou of Nichinan during the reign of Emperor Huan of Han, and as a disciple of an official eunuch, Shi Xie traveled to study the Beijing Master, searched for teachers and friends, and studied the "Spring and Autumn of the Zuo Clan". He was awarded the title of Shang Shulang by filial piety and entered the General Office of the Central Committee, but such an official had always been difficult to do, and he was soon dismissed for reasons.
However, the opportunity was always left to those who were prepared, and Shi Xie's book was not read in vain, and he accumulated local administrative experience by raising Maocai and serving as the county commander of Wuxian County. The outbreak of the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the death of his father allowed him to return to Jiaozhou and create a small world of his own.
At that time, the imperial court was busy suppressing the Yellow Turban Army, and for Jiaozhou, which was far away in Lingnan, it was urgent for officials familiar with the customs and customs to go to Zhenfu. Shi Xie's father, who was an official in the same state, died, saving himself the trouble of the system of evasion of relatives, and at this time he was appointed as the Taishou of Jiaotong. Of course, judging from the chaotic situation of the government and government, it is not excluded that Shi Xie dredged up relations and asked him to return to his hometown.
Shi Xie went to serve as the Taishou of Jiaotong, where the land was sparsely populated and the products were abundant, and there was a stable and peaceful atmosphere. Behind him, the pacification of the Yellow Turban Rebellion did not stabilize the situation, and the eunuchs in the dprk and foreign relatives fought fiercely, and the local warlords rose up, and the great chaos had just begun.
The Malthusian theory concocted by Westerners is actually a true portrayal of ancient China, and people cannot be stopped until they die. (Note: Malthus believes that the means of subsistence increase by arithmetic progression, while the population grows by geometric progression, so that the increase in subsistence can never keep up with the growth of the population, and the surplus population can only be eliminated by means of war, famine, etc. At this time, you can appreciate the wonders of the "small country widows" advocated by Lao Tzu.
The reason why Shi Xie was able to gain a firm foothold in Jiaozhou was due to the fundamental problem of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the problem of haoqiang. The Shi clan has been operating in Jiaozhou for several generations, and the family has grown, although it is not as good as the Zhongyuan Shi Clan, but in this remote place, it can also be regarded as a local tycoon, and the power is intertwined.
At that time, the history of Jiaozhou was called Ding Gong, a native of the Central Plains Peiguo, And Shi Xie's younger brother Shi Yi befriended him, and later Ding Gong entered the dynasty as an official, and Shi Yi acted for him, with a courteous attitude, which was touching. Ding Gong made a promise: "If the assassin Shi shi treats the three sins, he should be punished." "Treating the three things of sin is a self-effacing statement, that is, to serve as the third duke, which means that I have done the three dukes, and I will definitely promote you."
This shows that while shishi is based on local development, it also pays attention to the connection with external forces, and is not a short-sighted sit-down household.
Later, Ding Gong successively did Sikong and Situ, and sure enough, he sent a requisition order to Shi Yi. Shi Yi traveled thousands of miles to Luoyang, but unfortunately the timing was not good, and the people were dismissed before they arrived at the Ding Palace. Immediately after that, a tragic tragedy occurred in which his foreign relative He Jin and the eunuch Ten Constant Attendants died together, and the ruling power of the imperial court was weakened unprecedentedly, and the Great Demon King of Dong Zhuo appeared domineeringly. Although Shi Yi was treated with courtesy by the new Situ Huang Huan, he was disgusted by Dong Zhuo and could not get an official position, so he took advantage of the chaos of moving west to Chang'an and fled back to Jiaozhou.
Shi Xie of "Three Kingdoms Killing"
It happened that at this time, the new Jiaozhou Assassin Shi Zhufu was killed by the natives because of his lack of governance, which caused fierce resistance. According to Xue Zong in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Yancheng Kan Xue's biography, "Invading the people, forcibly giving them to the people, the yellow fish harvesting rice and a hu, the people rebelling, and the mountain thieves came out at the same time, attacking the prefecture and the county." Fu walked into the sea and died in exile. "Jiaozhou is in a state of leaderlessness.
Seeing the opportunity, Shi Xie wrote to the imperial court, expressing that the brothers were willing to share the worries of the country, and led the Nine True Taishou with Shi Yi (pronounced yǐ), and Shi Wu led the Nanhai Taishou. The exiled imperial court itself is difficult to protect, where can still manage the affairs of Jiaozhou, a big stroke, look at it yourself!
The previous is not to say that the seven counties of Jiaozhou. In fact, as early as the time of the Han Shun Emperor, the State of Linyi (Champa City) became independent and occupied most of the area of Nichinan County, which was already extinct in name only. The Taishou of Cangwu and Yulin Counties were all nameless, and the Shi Xie brothers owned four counties and basically controlled Jiaozhou.
Just like the Wuling people mistakenly entered Taohuayuan, Jiaozhou was not completely isolated, but was still intervened by various forces.
First, Zhang Jin, who had a good relationship with Cao Cao, succeeded Him as the Assassin of Jiaozhou, and then clashed with Liu Biao in Jingzhou, but his strength was far inferior to That of Liu Biao. For his own safety, Shi Xie sided with Zhang Jin, and for this reason he also wrote to the imperial court, saying that other assassins had been renamed Zhou Mu, and Jiaozhou should do the same, and asked Zhang Jin to be the pastor of Jiaozhou. However, Zhang Jin's ability was mediocre, and he could not effectively control the management, and was eventually killed by the generals, one said to be killed by the barbarians.
Liu Biao took the opportunity to intervene, with Lai Gong as the assassin of Jiaozhou and Wu Ju as Cangwu Taishou, and stationed in Jiaozhou together. Cao Cao, who had already controlled the emperor, obviously would not sit idly by, and he issued an edict in the name of the imperial court: "Jiaozhou is in absolute territory, with rivers and seas in the south, and the upper grace is not declared, and the lower righteousness is separated." Knowing that the rebellious thief Liu Biao also sent Lai Gong to spy on the southern land, and now He xie was made the general of Suinan Zhonglang, dong tuo seven counties, and the leader of the eunuch Taishou as before. "Both sides are willing, Cao Cao was able to curb Liu Biao's expansion, and Shi Xie relied on a paper edict to justifiably divide jiaozhou."
After that, Wu Ju and Lai Gong lost peace and sent troops to expel Lai Gong, and Shi Xie, because of his "tribute", paid tribute to the general An Yuan and was the Marquis of Longduting.
In this place where Emperor Tiangao was far away, the Shi family was the Tu Emperor. When they traveled, the bell chimes in unison, the pipe was dumb, and the car rode to cover the road, and they did their best to do the pomp and circumstance. Wives and concubines all sat on the "reeds", according to the "Book of Han Zhang Chang Biography" contained in the "ceremony, the king's mother went out to ride the heel", it can be seen that they have regarded themselves as princes. Where did the culturally backward indigenous people see this situation, and even some people burned incense and prostrated on the side of the road, so the Shi family was mighty and barbaric, quite like the style of the king of South Vietnam.
Plaque of the Wuzhou Lord Temple commemorating Shi Xie
Shi Xie's second skill, Lixia, is a passive skill. For a long time, although Jiaozhou has no worries about food and clothing, the climate is humid and hot and full of smoke, and it has always been a place of exile for prisoners. However, the world is in chaos, and it is important to save lives, so many people have taken refuge in Jiaozhou, including a large number of intellectuals.
During this period, Jiaozhou played the role of a gathering place and transit station for talents from all walks of life, and this legend says that "the number of Chinese scholars who have taken refuge in the hundreds" has been said. The more famous ones are Liu Xi, Xue Chun, Cheng Bing, Xu Ci, Liu Ba, Xu Jing, Yuan Hui, Mou Rong, Kang Monk Society and others.
Even after Liu Bei's defeat at Dangyang, he was cornered and once wanted to flee to Jiaozhou. Of course, he did not go to Shi Xie, but to his former friend Wu Ju, and was immediately dissuaded by Lu Su: "Sun Qiuyu is wise and benevolent, respects the sages and etiquette, Jiang Biao is heroic, Xian Guizhi is attached, he already has six counties, and the soldiers have enough grain to set up." Now for the sake of the king's plan, Mo Ruo sent his heart to make himself married in the east, revere the good of the peace, and help the world, and the cloud wants to throw in Wu Ju, the giant is a mortal, partial to the distant county, will be merged by people, is it enough? "Wu Ju himself is almost finished calfing, what are you going to do?" This also shows from the side that there was nothing going on in Jiaozhou at that time.
After the establishment of the three-legged throne, Xue Chun and Cheng Bing went to the State of Wu, Xu Ci, Liu Ba, and Xu Jing went to the State of Shu, Liu Xi wrote a book and said that Yuan Hui returned to the hidden mountain forest, and the monks Mu Rong and Kang would mix Confucianism and Buddhism, laying the theoretical foundation for early Chinese Buddhism. Shi Xie was generous and generous, and exchanged cordially with these scholars, which promoted the great development of Lingnan's cultural undertakings.
Yuan Hui once wrote to Xun Yu: "The Emperor of Jiaozhi Shifu is both knowledgeable and knowledgeable, and he is also able to engage in politics, and in the midst of great chaos, he saves a county. For more than twenty years, there has been nothing on the battlefield, the people are not unemployed, and the disciples who are in prison are all celebrated, although Dou Rong baohexi, Yu Yijia? The official Affairs Xiao Yan, the Chuan Of Xi Shu Chuan, the Spring and Autumn Zuo Clan Biography is particularly concise and subtle, and I have consulted all the doubts in the biography, all of which have been said by the master, and the meaning is very close. "Comparing Shi Xie with Dou Rong, the Baojing An Min Dou in Hexi in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it can be seen that he is highly respected.
Not only that, but this cultural boom also deeply influenced later countries such as Vietnam, and the creation of the Vietnamese native language is said to be related to Shi Xie.
In the Ming Dynasty, Yan Congjian mistakenly wrote "Shi Change" in the "Records of the Zhou Dynasty of the Special Domain", saying that he "took the Middle Xia Classic, translated the meaning of the sound, taught his own people, and began to know the cause of learning." However, Zhongxia speaks the voice of the throat, the tongue of the native dialect, and the words are the same as the Chinese, but the sound is different. Some scholars believe that the traditional Vietnamese characters are also derived from the sound of Chinese characters under the guise of Shi Xie, which has been used for thousands of years until it was replaced by the Latin alphabet in modern times.
Therefore, Shi Xie was revered by the Vietnamese government and the public as "Shi Wang" and "Nanjiao Xuezu", and is still worshipped endlessly. The Vietnamese Chen Dynasty added three times to his title of "Great King of Shangan Jiaying Lingwu", and the later Lê Dynasty historian Wu Shilian said, "China's poetry books, Xi Lile, for the state of literature, since the beginning of the Shi King." His merits were given to the time, and they were far away from future generations, and would not they be prosperous! "This is simply unimaginable in Vietnam, which is anti-China in its bones." The reputation of those who truly benefit the people transcends national borders.
Sessay has a high prestige in Vietnam
Thousands of miles to build a pergola, there is no need to scatter the feast. The dust of the Battle of Chibi settled, Cao Cao was unable to go south from then on, Liu Bei was also busy entering Yizhou, and Jiaozhou became Sun Quan's back garden.
In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210), Sun Quan sent Bu Qi to assassinate Shi Shi of Jiaozhou to the south, and the balancing technique could not be played anymore, and Shi Xie judged the situation and led the people to surrender. Wu Ju was not convinced, and was beheaded by Bu Qi, and Sun Quan made Shi Xie a left general, remaining in Jiaozhou.
During the Battle of Yiling, Shi Xie induced the Yizhou Hao clan Yong Min to rebel against Shu and surrender to Wu, and Sun Quan worshipped him as a Wei general and made him a marquis of Long, and his brothers and nephews were also rewarded.
In the fifth year of Huang Wu (226), Shi Xie, who had actually ruled Jiaozhou for nearly forty years, died of illness at the age of ninety. Sun Quan then withdrew his power and divided the north of Hepu into Guangzhou, which is the origin of the term "Guangzhou" today, with Lü Dai as the History of The Thorns of Guangzhou, Dai Liang as the History of the Thorns of Jiaozhou, and Chen Shi as the Taishou of Jiaotong.
Shi Xie's son Shi Hui was unwilling to surrender power, so he signed himself as a Taishou of Jiaotong, raised an army to fight, and was eventually booby-trapped by Lü Dai. The rest of the sons were relegated to the rank of Shuren, but a few years later Sun Quan settled the account and began to kill him. Shi Xie's only remaining son, Shi Xie (士廫n), died of illness and died without heirs.
Ning is a peaceful dog, not a chaotic person, but it is only an ideal. Shi Xie barely managed to achieve a state of peace by virtue of its geographical advantages, and Liu Biao of Jingzhou did not want to protect the border and the people, but Jingzhou, as the eye of the Three Kingdoms, could not avoid it, and was repeatedly ravaged by war, and it was possible for manpower to change.
Where misfortunes and blessings depend, where blessings and misfortunes lie, the things of the world have never been able to see so clearly.