Tunnel warfare, as the name suggests, is the use of underground tunnels to carry out operations against the enemy, during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Jin-Cha-Ji base area carried out a large-scale tunnel struggle, especially in the central Hebei region, in the plains where there is no danger to rely on, in an extremely cruel environment, the extensive development of tunnel struggle, played a role in "hiding soldiers to understand the enemy, arching the border area, preserving strength, and attacking the enemy."
"The tunnel is good, the tunnel is seconds, hitting the enemy to drill the tunnel; fighting in the open, picking in the dark, destroying the enemy is the most reliable; the devils are angry and staring, and the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians laugh..."
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the party, government, military, and people in the anti-Japanese base areas in Central Hebei made many important inventions and creations in the strategy, means, and methods for defeating the enemy in the protracted, repetitive, complex, and cruel struggle against the enemy, such as mine warfare, ambush warfare, attack warfare, sabotage warfare, encirclement point blocking, and joint village twisting, and tunnel warfare was one of them.
First, the objective necessity of authenticity
There is an objective necessity in the emergence of authenticity, and it is determined by the characteristics of the anti-Japanese base areas in central Hebei.
The geographical location of Jizhong is south of the Pingjin section of the Bac Ninh Railway, east of the Pinghan Railway, west of the Jinpu Railway, and north of the Fuyang River, with an area of about 32,000 square kilometers, including 50 counties, a population of about 10 million, and the territory except for Baiyangdian as a lake depression, the rest of the place is an endless plain.
Railway lines during the War of Resistance
During the Republic of China period, warlords in north China were fighting for many years, bandits were crazy, and in order to prevent the looting and banditry of the rebels, many families built sandwich walls, dug up the ground, cellars, and even built special basements for storing grain in the gentry's courtyards of some landlords.
To carry out guerrilla warfare against the enemy on the plains, there are no natural barriers such as mountains and forests to rely on, which requires the anti-Japanese army and people in Central Hebei to adopt strategies and tactics that suit the characteristics of the plains and seek new ways of fighting.
In the early days of the establishment of the Anti-Japanese Base Area in Central Hebei, the leaders of the Military Region put forward the initiative of demolishing walls and roads and transforming the terrain of the plain, except for the period of green yarn tents, which facilitated the mobile operations of the enemy's mechanized troops.
The military and civilians in Jizhong transformed the terrain of the plains
After 1940, in the face of the enemy's frequent "encroachment" and "sweeping," the anti-Japanese cadres and masses in our locality were overwhelmed by the pain of escape, and the Jizhong Military Region creatively applied the guiding ideology of "transforming the terrain of the plains" to the underground, thus producing tunnel-to-tunnel warfare.
Second, the emergence and development of authenticity
In order to ensure the safety of the resources and lives of the masses in the base areas and smash the enemy's "three lights" policy, on March 20, 1942, the Jizhong Central Bank Bureau, the Jizhong Military Region, and the Jizhong Armed Forces Committee issued instructions on carrying out tunnel struggle in the central Hebei region, and put forward specific requirements for the construction and management of the tunnels.
In March 1942, women from Beijuyou Village in The Seventh District Ding County actively dug tunnels
The structure of the general tunnel, the height of the internal space is required to be more than one meter, the width is about one meter or so, the trunk line is higher and wider, the top of the tunnel is arched and arced at about two or three meters underground, the tunnel mouth is located in a hidden place, and it is camouflaged, and ventilation holes are set up at every appropriate distance to ensure the smooth flow of air, road signs are set up at turning corners, oil lamps or candles are equipped for illumination, the masses concealed tunnels are combined with the troop battle tunnels, households and households are connected, the village and the outside of the village are connected, and then communicate with neighboring villages; the use of villages and outside the village to set up dark bunkers, shooting holes, lookout holes, On the basis of realizing the "three links," we should organize the intersection of upper and lower, left and right, and light and dark firepower to form a system of both depth and three-dimensional combat firepower, and finally achieve a three-in-one fighting mode of fighting against the enemy based on tunnels and relying on tunnels.
Third, the album of the underground struggle in Hebei during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression
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In 1943, guerrillas engaged in tunnel warfare
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Ground fortifications in 1944, adjacent to the tunnels
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In 1943, soldiers of the Eighth Route Army were preparing to attack in the tunnels
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In 1943, a private house connected to the tunnel
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In 1943, the militia moved from tunnels to ground fortifications to ambush the enemy
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In 1941, the Jizhong Eighth Route Army relied on tunnel fortifications to shoot at the enemy
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Guerrillas at the tunnel intersection in 1943
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In 1943, the high-house fortifications were fought in conjunction with the tunnels
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In 1943, the bullet hole left at the mouth of the tunnel during the Devil's Sweep
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In 1943, a battle fortification was constructed of ordinary houses, and below it was the tunnel entrance
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In 1943, the fortifications of the high houses on the top of the tunnel
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In 1943, guerrillas switched from tunnels to rooftop combat
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In 1943, the cornice walked on the wall
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In 1944, in Peili Village, Zhongyi Town, Qiuxin, Hebei Province, Du Lun personally experienced tunnel warfare
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In 1943, a woman in Jizhong who spun thread outside the tunnel entrance
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In 1943, after the New Year painting, it was the entrance to the tunnel
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In 1943, a woman in Jizhong with a sole in the tunnel
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In 1943, the entrance to the hidden tunnel
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In 1943, ordinary people in Jizhong brought water and food to the wounded of the Eighth Route Army hidden in the tunnels
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In 1943, the wounded were transported into tunnels
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In 1943, wounded members of the Eighth Route Army were dressed in an authentic clinic
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During the May Day purge in 1942, Wang Qingyuan, the mayor of the first district of Dingxian County, prepared for battle in the tunnels of Sidi Village
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In 1943, anti-Japanese cadres from Dingnan County, the Seventh Sub-district of Jizhong District, studied their work against the enemy while eating in the tunnels
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In 1943, Li Qingtao, a villager soldier at the bottom of the Dingxian Temple, guarded the tunnel entrance
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In 1943, cadres of the Seven Sub-districts were placed in the tunnels for the struggle against the enemy
Conclusion: Through the combination of tunnel warfare, mine warfare, and village warfare, the military and civilians in Hebei not only solved the problems of fighting, defending, and hiding, but also relied on this crisscrossing "underground Great Wall" to effectively strike at the Japanese invaders armed to the teeth.
#Anti-Japanese War ##保定头条 #