Recently, reading the Zizhi Tongjian, the original text about Sun Zhen's punishment is, "To the point that the law cut off his legs and deposed him, in order to make it abandoned for life." ”
I was shocked: what, didn't you goug out your kneecap?!
I have always had the impression that Sun Bing's punishment was "punishment", and my understanding of "punishment" since I read it is: "a kind of torture with the kneecap removed". Could it be that my memory was tampered with by a mysterious creature?!
I checked the Xinhua Dictionary, and there was only an explanation of the word "膑": the same as "髌".
I looked up "Ci Hai" again, and the explanation was: a kind of torture that removed the kneecap. see! I'm sure I'm not mistaken. It turned out that no mysterious person was plotting against me!
So was Sun Bing actually "tortured"? Let's analyze one or two!
Look at the name
Judging from the name, your grandson is not tortured, so which door is called "膑"?! Isn't it idle, skin to make posterity distressed, very happy?
Ancient people, especially in the pre-Qin period, liked to use their positions, places of birth, and family rankings as first names or surnames. For example, Sima Yong (司馬穰苴), a well-known military figure in the Spring and Autumn Period, whose real name was Tian Hoang Tho (田穰苴), was a fallen nobleman of the State of Qi. Because of his military merits in the war, he became Sima (an official position, an official name of a military commander), and was called Sima Hoang Tho.
For another example, Zheng Zhuanggong's younger brother is called Gongshu Duan, not surnamed Gong, nor called Shu Duan. He and Zheng Zhuang both had the surname Ji and were surnamed Zhou Dynasty. The single name is a "paragraph" word. Why is it called "Gongshu Duan"? He failed in his struggle for the throne with Zheng Zhuanggong and ran to the place of "Gong", and he was the younger brother of Zheng Zhuanggong, the second in the family, so he was called Gongshu Duan. In fact, his real name is "Ji Duan".
For another example, during the Warring States period, the Wei sage Duan Ganmu, whose original name was Li Ke, was called "Duan Ganmu" because the fief was in Duangan.
The ancients of the pre-Qin period did not treat names as seriously as later generations, and did not care at all about the old ancestors in the tomb, and wanted to change their names and names, and changed their surnames if they wanted to. Maybe they think they are the ancestors of Chinese!
That Sun Bing, just from the name, he and the "Punishment" must have formed an indissoluble relationship, of course, there is a story between them that has to be told!
Ancient books say
Let's be professional!
The article begins by mentioning that the Zizhi Tongjian says, "To the extent that the law cut off its legs and struck it off, it is intended to make it abandoned for life." ”
In the "Han Feizi Difficult to Say", it is said, "Sun Tzu was on his feet in Wei. ”
Sima Qian said in the "Book of Baoren An", "Sun Tzu is on his feet, and the art of war is cultivated" "And if Zuo Qiu has no eyes, Sun Tzu has broken his feet, he will not be able to use it in the end, so he retreats to discuss the book strategy, in order to soothe his anger, and to think about the empty text to see himself." ”
The Chronicle of The Chronicle of Sun Tzu Wu QiLie says, "Pang Juan feared that he would be virtuous to himself, and if he was ill, he would cut off his legs by law and depose him, and he wanted to hide from him." ”
In the Eastern Han Dynasty Wang Fu's "Treatise on The Hidden Husband", it is said, "Sun Zhen was able to cultivate Yu Chu, and Pang Juan seduced Him from Wei to cut him." ”
"Bing punishment" is one of the five ancient punishments, "膑, palace, 劓, ink, death", 膑刑, that is, the digging out of the kneecap. "Jade Chapter": "膑, go to the knee, criminal name", "Ji Yun" "膑, 刖也", "Zhou Li Qiu Guan" Zheng Xuan's note: "刖, broken foot also, Zhou Gai Bing as a knife." ”
The Qing Dynasty jurist Shen Jiaben said: "Tang Yuxia used a stomach to remove his kneecaps; Zhou used a blade, and a broken foot also." "Whoever is in The Zhou Dynasty, take his real name."
A bunch of ancient texts! Well, to explain.
In various ancient texts, there are only two kinds of "feet" and "broken feet". The punishment to which Sun Bin was subjected was only these two titles. Which is that? This needs to be analyzed.
In ancient times, the foot was not a foot, the foot was not a foot, the foot refers to the part below the calf, and the foot refers to the entire leg of the person. How about, Isn't God Magical?
"Elbow foot" and "broken foot" are expressed differently, but can indicate that the kneecap is not dug out.
The ancient text also says that before the Zhou Dynasty, the judicial organs used "punishment", and the Zhou Dynasty began to use "execution". The judicial organs of the Zhou Dynasty regarded the punishment as a punishment, which means that the punishment on the name is the execution, but the content is different. In the past, the kneecap was dug up, and now the leader feels that it is not fierce enough, it is better to cut off the whole leg or the lower leg, so as to "scare" the people. This is what Shen Jiaben said about "lifting the real name".
Sun Bing was a person of the Warring States period, saying that it was a punishment, but in fact it was a punishment. It's a leg cut!
Say so
Okay, now it's clear.
What Sun Bing received was indeed "punishment". In the Warring States period, the punishment of cutting off legs was the punishment of cutting off legs. Sun Bing was tortured, but his legs were cut off. That Bian He lost his legs for that piece of "Heshi Bi", the later Chuanguo Jade Seal!
Therefore, Sun Bing's name was not wrong, and the punishment he received was not wrong.
Then I have a question. Since Sun Bing was subjected to the punishment of sun yue, also known as the punishment of the sword, why was he not called Sun Jiao, was he afraid of sharing the same name with "Sun Yue"?
He "broke his feet and stripped him", why not call him "Sun Dian"?