After going to college, I began to read a lot of books and read many best-selling classical literature similar to "Water Margin", "Three Kingdoms" and "Journey to the West", so I knew Jin Shengsi from some descriptions and comments.
Jin Shengsi, a Literary Critic of China in the early Qing Dynasty, was a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Jin Shengsi, who grew up in a poor family, was also very lonely in his childhood. When he was nine years old, Jin Shengsi entered a private school and was very diligent and hardworking. He is independent in his thinking and loves to read, especially Water Margin.
After becoming an adult, Jin Shengsi was admitted to Xiucai, but he was very disdainful of being an official, so that he was always in a state of poverty. Jin Shengsi had a different life, his personality was very witty, grotesque, and he was also a big drunkard, often making remarks that the world could not understand.
In fact, Jin Shengsi's original surname was Zhang, his name was Zhang Caisui, and after the Qing soldiers entered the pass, he changed his name to Jin Shengsi, which means "The golden people are on top, and the saints can not sigh." Mention Jin Sheng sigh this person, many people will think of the book "Water Margin" for the first time, it can be said that his comments on "Water Margin" are the most famous.
Later, Mao Zonggang's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Zhang Zhupo's "Golden Bottle Plum", and Li Yanzhai's "Dream of the Red Chamber" did not surpass him.
Jin Shengsi was a genius in the field of literature and history, and had many literary works in his lifetime, commenting on books such as "Water Margin", "Xi Xiang Ji", "Zuo Zhuan" and du Fu's Various Tang poems, not only made great contributions to literature, but also influenced many literary scholars, such as Cao Xueqin, Li Yu and so on. In addition, Jin Shengsi was also revered as a pioneer of the "vernacular movement".
Since ancient times, Jiangnan has been a place where people are brilliant, and when Jin Shengsi was born, the "four talents" headed by Tang Bohu had passed for many years. The period of Jin Shengsi's birth coincided with the late Ming Dynasty, and during this period, the literati in Jiangnan were unprecedentedly united, because they had only one purpose, that is, to "form a party for personal gain." This is the famous party struggle between the Donglin Party and the Wei Castration Party in the history of the Ming Dynasty, in essence, this is to protect the vested interests of the Jiangnan Shi clique.
However, Jin Shengsi seemed to be an outsider, and he was not interested in any partisanship. In the face of Wei Zhongxian's decline, he did not express any opinion. This may have something to do with who he was, because he was just a poor student, and these things had nothing to do with him in the first place, and he was only twenty years old at the time.
According to historical records, Qian Qianyi, the leader of the Donglin Party, was Jin Shengsi's uncle, and Liu Ru was his younger uncle. If, if this is the case, then Jin Shengsi is a person with a background, he should be the backbone of the Donglin Party, but this is not the case, Jin Shengsi is just a person standing by and watching the hilarity. Therefore, such a record should be wrong, of course, there is no way to verify.
Perhaps, the world thinks that Jin Shengsi is so famous because of his comments on books such as "Water Margin". In fact, at that time, he was not famous for these "comments". The reason why Jin Shengsi is really famous is actually his identity as a "psychic medium", if in other words, it is: "Jumping God".
Jumping god is a popular folk name, as if there is a little contempt. In fact, it has its own proprietary name, that is, "Fu Qi", a method of divination from the folk. In the "Fu Qi", some people play the role of divine possession, and these people are called "Luan Sheng" or "Servant Body". The gods would cling to Luansheng's body and write handwriting to express the gods' thoughts.
In this way, it seems to be similar to the statement of Hong Xiuquan's heavenly father and heavenly brother in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, except that Hong Xiuquan has no culture and can only speak by mouth, and cannot write on paper.
However, the erudite Jin Shengsi recorded them in the form of words and formed his own works to express his remarks in a way that pretended to be gods and ghosts. In this way, believers communicate with the gods to understand what the gods mean. And Jin Shengsi began to communicate closely with the gods in the good years of his youth.
Jin Shengsi, who claimed to be the incarnation of the reincarnation of a Buddhist disciple, was given the name "Gong Gong" or "Master Of The temple", and the scholars and masters honored him as "Gong Gong" or "Master Of The Dragon". It is said that Kim Seung-si took in more than thirty deceased women as his apprentices. Once, he went to the homes of Ye Shaoyuan, Qian Qianyi, Yao Ximeng, Dai Ruyi, and other scholars and doctors to "help the beggars", and unexpectedly wrote beautiful and touching poems, and he often talked about the thoughts in the hearts of these people, so he was deeply admired by Ye Shaoyuan and others.
After Jin Sheng sighed for eight years, his fame rose to prominence, and one year, he held a "Fu Qi" séance ceremony for the literary master Qian Qianyi, and finally, through the Tiantai Master attached to his body, he completely conquered Qian Qianyi, so that Qian Qianyi said bluntly: "Jin Shengsi seems to be under the command of some kind of god." In fact, Jin Sheng sighed for Qian Qianyi to jump the big god is conditional: ask Qian Qianyi to "make a poem for himself, so as to shine in the world." Later, through Qian Qianyi's poems, people in the mainstream cultural circles all knew about Jin Shengsi as a person.
Since then, Jin Shengsi has been famous for his "special skills".
According to historical records, Jin Shengsi claimed that Lady Chen of Ciyue Palace was attached to him, so that he could understand the meaning of the gods. Moreover, in the process of jumping the great god, he "unconsciously" wrote a poem of "long chapters and gushing", which was even more praised, so that people were convinced of his set of divine theories.
After that, Jin Shengsi's psalms spread everywhere until they reached the hands of the Shunzhi Emperor. After the Shunzhi Emperor saw Jin Shengsi's poems, he actually praised: "This is a master of ancient Chinese, and it is not possible to look at him with Shiwen's eyes." Jin Shengsi was very touched when he knew, and in gratitude, he prostrated his head to the north.
At that time, there were also some people who looked down on him very much, saying that he was patting himself on the back in order to cater to the emperor of the new dynasty. In fact, Jin Shengsi was not moved by the Shunzhi Emperor's praise for himself, but felt that finally someone could read himself, and finally someone could truly know himself and understand himself. He was touched by the fact that he had such a confidant, not to thank the Qing emperor.
When Jin Shengsi was fifty-four years old, Ren Weichu, the new county commander of Wu County, whipped the people in order to collect taxes, which aroused the anger of the people of Suzhou. After that, Jin Shengsi and more than a hundred people gathered at the Confucius Temple, ostensibly to mourn the Shunzhi Emperor, but in fact, to take the opportunity to vent their anger. After that, they went to Yamen to file a complaint against Ren Weichu to Zhu Guozhi, the governor of Jiangsu, demanding that he be removed from his official position.
However, for this matter, Zhu Guozhi actually ordered the arrest of eleven people who gathered a crowd, and also shielded Ren Weichu. In addition, he also reported to the imperial court: "The various beings not only advocated chaos and tax resistance, but also alarmed the spiritual hall of the former emperors. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty deliberately intimidated the Jiangnan Shi clan, not only arresting Jin Shengsi and seven other people again, but also beheading these people for treason after being severely tortured and tortured in Jiangning.
This is the sensational "Weeping Temple Case".
These beheaded people, in fact, just wanted to demonstrate to the inspectors and demand punishment for violating the county order, they did not have any intention of rebellion, but in the end, they were tragically framed by corrupt officials.
So, why did the rulers of the Qing Dynasty make such a fuss?
In fact, the Jiangnan Shi clan has always been a thorn in the side of the Rulers of the Qing Dynasty. At the beginning, when the Qing army entered the Central Plains, it did not encounter any resistance in the north, while in the south, this place of outstanding spirit was strongly opposed by the Jiangnan Shi clan. Chen Zilong, Zhang Cangshui and others have already caused headaches for the Qing Dynasty, and in addition, people in other places have also opposed the Qing Dynasty's rule. Therefore, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, as soon as they heard that the Jiangnan shi people had gathered, immediately killed the chickens and monkeys in order to completely crush them.
According to historical records, at that time, Jin Shengsi was not directly involved in the "Weeping Temple".
In the beginning, he was not among the eleven arrestees, and he was arrested entirely because of one of his essays, "Ten Fu Sees." It was also because of his great fame that he was included in the list of "rebels". In this incident, Jin Shengsi not only lost his own life, but his family property was also confiscated, and all his family members were sent to Ninguta.
Jin Shengsi has been pursuing fame all his life, but in the end, he is victimized by fame. It can be said that his life really makes people feel sorry, and all this happened, Jin Shengsi seemed to be unaware. Even, before dying, he said very doubtfully: "Killing the head is the most painful; Isn't it the same as the holy sigh that it was unintentional? ”
After Jin Shengsi's death, his brother Jin Chang collected and edited his writings and manuscripts, entitled "Compilation of The Collected Works of caizi of the Singing Scriptures", and his son Jin Yong compiled his commentaries on Tang poems, entitled "Tang Caizi Poetry Collection". Legend has it that after Jin Shengsi's death, he also gave a dream to Zhu Meifang, who said in the dream: "Now, I have become the god of Deng Wei Mountain, if you want to see me, come to Deng Wei Mountain!" ”
Deng Wei Mountain, in The Town of Guangfu, seventy miles southwest of Suzhou, also known as Wanfeng Mountain, overlooks Taihu Lake in front of it, and the scenery is excellent. Deng Wei Mountain multi-plum tree, when the flowers bloom like snow, such as praise the saint sighed the high purity of character... ...
After the death of Jin Shengsi, the Qing Dynasty ushered in the prosperous era of Kangqian, but under such a prosperous era, the literati were packed up and obeyed. Later Ji Xiaolan, Liu Yong, Yuan Ming and other talents, one more shrewd than the other, one more than the other can deal with people. Since then, the Qing rulers' policy of suppressing the literati has indeed achieved some remarkable results.
Zhang Hexhui wrote an article titled "A Few People Know Jin Shengsi", he said: "For three hundred years, as long as they are literary lovers, no one does not know Jin Shengsi. However, the people who could fully understand Jin Shengsi had only appeared in a hundred years. Even Li Yu of the Qing Dynasty said that Jin Shengsi "can make people die for thousands of years", and Hu Shi also said that he was "a great freak of the seventeenth century".
Resources:
["Qing History Studies", "The Life of Jin Shengsi and His Literary Criticism", "Xin Scandal"]