He has been defeated many times, why is he called "West Lake Three Jie" together with Yue Fei and Yu Qian?

Twenty years of righteousness, do you know that the leap position lies in Khotan.

The Tongjiang River is airborne with strict light fishing, and it is difficult for Zhenze to return to Fan Li's boat.

Born more than a hongmao, he left his blood in the sky.

Loyalty is the death of a lonely subject, and dares to hope that Qianqiu will believe in the history of history.

The author of this poem is Zhang Huangyan. His tomb is by today's West Lake, adjacent to Yue Fei and Yu Qian.

Zhang Huangyan (張黄言), courtesy name Xuanshu (字玄撰), was a native of Yinxian County, Zhejiang (present-day Yinzhou District, Ningbo), a Han Chinese, a Southern Ming Confucian general, poet, and national hero.

On June 9, 1620, in the 48th year of the Wanli Calendar (1620), Zhang Huangyan was born in Yin County, Ningbo Prefecture, Zhejiang. Zhang Huangyan had great ambitions as a teenager, was generous and loved to discuss the art of war.

In the ninth year of Zhang Huangyan Chongzhen (1636), Zhang Huangyan participated in the county examination at the age of sixteen and inspected the riding archery, Zhang Huangyan shot three arrows and hit the target, and no one who took the exam with him was not surprised. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Zhang Huangyan was again admitted to the examination.

In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing army marched south in a big way, breaking through the cities of Yangzhou, Nanjing, Jiading (present-day Jiading District, Shanghai), and Hangzhou. Twenty-five-year-old Zhang Huangyan stepped forward and threw pen from Rong. At that time, Qian Sule, a member of the Punishment Department, led the crowd to gather at the Fucheng God Temple, and Zhang Huangyan resolutely participated, advocating the king of Qin and gathering teachers to raise righteousness. He also went to Tiantai (天台, in present-day Tiantai County, Taizhou, Zhejiang) to ask Zhu, the king of Lu, to go north to supervise the state. After the Qing army broke through Hangzhou, Zhang Huangyan fled with King Lu to the coast of Zhejiang and Fujian and entered Zhoushan.

In May of the third year of Shunzhi (Longwu II, 1646), the great qing conquest of the southern general Belleboro took advantage of the void to break through the Qiantang River, Shaoxing, Hangzhou, Yiwu, Jinhua and other cities were lost, and the southern Ming Emperor Le'an Junwang, Chu Prince, and Jinping Junwang were martyred in Jinhua. King Lu then sailed from Taizhou to Zhoushan under the escort of Zhang Mingzhen, the general of Shipu Shou, and Zhang Huangyan immediately rushed back to his hometown of Yin County, bid farewell to his father, stepmother, wife, son, and daughter, and followed King Lu and his party to Zhoushan. However, Huang Binqing, the Marquis of Suyu, the commander-in-chief of Zhoushan and Emperor Longwu, refused to accept it, and King Lu had to flee to Changyuan, Fujian. Soon, King Lu went to Xiamen, and Zhang Mingzhen stayed in Zhoushan for standby. Zhang Huangyan and Zhang Mingzhen waited for the situation to settle down, returned to the eastern Zhejiang and Zhoushan regions, and organized the recruitment of rebels. Zhang Huangyan was given the official position of Right Governor of Yushi by King Lu.

In the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647), Wu Shengzhao, the viceroy of Qing Susong, wanted to go anyway in Suzhou, and contacted Zhang Mingzhen, the Marquis of Dingxi, to support him before the incident. Zhang Huangyan persuaded Zhang Mingzhen to aid Wu Shengzhao, and Zhang Mingzhen ordered Zhang Huangyan to be the overseer, and Xu Fuyuan was in charge. On April 6, it departed from Cen Jiang (i.e. Cen Port, Zhoushan, Zhejiang). Unexpectedly, on April 13, a storm was encountered outside Chongming Island and was defeated. More than a dozen generals, including Shen Tingyang, the governor of Zhejiang Zhishui Division, and Cai Cong, the chief soldier (Huang Binqing's wife's uncle), were captured by the Qing army after landing and were inaugurated on July 3. Zhang Huangyan also fell into the hands of the Qing army for seven days due to the hurricane blowing over the ship, and found an opportunity to escape to the sea.

In July of the eighth year of Zhang Huangyan's reign (Yong calendar 5th year, 1651), the Qing general Zhang Tianlu (張天禄) left Chong'an (present-day Wuyishan, Fujian) to divide the waters, Ma Jinbao introduced the Haimen of Taizhou, and the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, Chen Jinquan, went out to dinghai and attacked Zhoushan by separate routes. Zhang Mingzhen, Zhang Huangyan, and other fenglu kings went into the sea to send troops to WuSong to contain the main force of the Qing army. Zhang Kentang, a university scholar, Liu Shixun, an Yang general, Ruan Jin, a northern Danbei, and Zhang Mingyang, the governor of Zuodu, remained behind. In this battle, 18,000 military and civilian casualties in Zhoushan were buried together under the Longfeng Mountain in the north of Dinghai City. Afterwards, the Qing general admitted to himself: "Our army went south, and the three cities of Jiangyin, Jing County, and Zhoushan were the most difficult to attack. ”

In August of the tenth year of Shunzhi (7th year of the Yong calendar, 1653), Zhang Mingzhen and Zhang Huangyan, the attendant of the Supervision Army, led 500 or 600 warships north to the sandbar around Chongming at the mouth of the Yangtze River. The Qing army in Chongming City had limited troops and did not dare to fight, and was besieged for eight months. The Ming army used Chongming and the nearby sandbar as a base, as stated in the Qing fang yifen archives: "Building a polder for farming, ten miles away from the city, full of thieves." The people look at each other with food and hunger. Wait for the user of mine, and prosper for the user of thieves. "The villages where Chongming produce rice are all in the former east and west of Pingyang Mountain, and are now occupied by thieves."

In the eleventh year of Shunzhi (8th year of the Yong calendar, 1654), Zhang Jun entered the Yangtze River three times to fight, which is the famous Battle of the Three Entry into the Yangtze River.

In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (12th year of the Yongli calendar, 1658), the Yongli Emperor made Zheng Chenggong the King of Yanping Commandery and Zhang Huangyan the Left Attendant of the Bingbu. In the same year, the Qing army advanced to Yungui, Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huangyan marched into Zhejiang, conquered Yueqing (present-day Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang), Ninghai (present-day Ninghai County, Ningbo, Zhejiang) and other places, encountered a typhoon at Yangshan, lost more than 100 huge ships, and lost more than 8,000 soldiers, and were forced to withdraw to Xiamen.

In the sixteenth year of Zhang Huangyan's Shunzhi reign (1659 in the thirteenth year of the Yong calendar), Zhang Huangyan and Zheng Chenggong, together with Zheng Chenggong, once again led the rebel army into the Yangtze River to fight in order to contain the Qing army that was attacking the Yunnan-Guizhou region. First, the rebels arrived and occupied Chongming. Zhang Huangyan suggested to Zheng Chenggong: "Chongming, the gateway to the river and the sea", it is advisable to first "set the rebels here", take a short rest, and ensure that the rebels "have a basis for advancing and retreating". But Zheng Chenggong did not listen. At that time, the Qing army stationed on the Yangtze River crossed the river cable (commonly known as the "Rolling River Dragon") between the Guazhou Jin and Jiao'er Mountains, and placed Western cannons on both sides of the river, and the defense was quite strong. However, Zhang Huangyan led the rebel army in seventeen boats to skillfully destroy the river defense line, and with the cooperation of the zheng army, which was supported, "crossed the river" and captured Guazhou in one fell swoop in June. After conquering Guazhou, Zhang Huangyan again suggested to Zheng Chenggong that he take Zhenjiang with all his might, but Zheng Chenggong was worried that the Qing troops stationed in Jiangning (Nanjing) would rush to support. Zhang Huangyan advocated that a boat division and water army could be sent first to pretend to attack the north gate of Jiangning, that is, the Guanyin Gate, so that "the Qing army in Nanjing would not have time to come to the rescue." At the same time, he also proposed that this water army should go up the river and go to the Wuhu area to prevent the Qing army from coming to the aid of the Jiangchu side. Zheng successfully accepted the advice and ordered him to attack in the direction of Nanjing. At this time, the number of rebels led by Zhang Huangyan was less than 10,000, and the number of boats crossing the river was less than 100, but he still resolutely led his army to the west. Soon, Zhang Huangyan conquered Yizhen and marched into Liuhe, where he was warmly welcomed by the people along the river, "Fifty miles away from the territory of the Yizheng officials and the people." When he learned that Zheng had successfully conquered Zhenjiang, Zhang Huangyan wrote to Zheng Chenggong again, saying that when he "first fixed Jiajiang County", he would then march by land and take Nanjing directly, but Zheng Chenggong did not take his advice and "actually entered through the waterway". As a result, the favorable fighters were lost in an instant, and the Qing army in Nanjing was able to breathe and receive support to consolidate the city defenses. On June 28, Zhang Huangyan's army reached the outside of the Guanyin Gate in Nanjing, stayed for two days and still did not see the arrival of Zheng Jun, so he had to send other generals to lead dozens of sailors to "attack Wuhu (west) directly", while he himself led his army to garrison Pukou. After Zheng Chenggong led the "water division" to arrive, Zhang Huangyan rushed to Wuhu on July 7, where he "subordinated the various armies", divided the rebels into four roads, divided the roads to attack the city, and "moved the counties" along the way, posting a notice. Many of the old officials who had descended from the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, seeing the proclamation, turned against each other, "so Taiping, Ningguo, Chizhou, Huizhou, Guangde, and all the subordinate counties all asked to surrender", so that the rebel army quickly recovered the four provinces, three prefectures, twenty counties, and nearly thirty cities. The rebels were strictly disciplined, and where they passed, they "did not commit any crimes against the people." However, in the end, due to Zheng Chenggong's hesitation under the city of Nanjing, he missed a good opportunity, resulting in the ultimate failure of the operation. Zhang Huangyan changed his mind to nocturnal travel, traveled thousands of miles, and finally returned to the sea.

In June of the third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1664), Zhang Huang saw that there was no hope of regaining his sight, and disbanded the rebel army at hanging island in Nantian, and lived in seclusion on the island. He was captured and killed by the Qing army.

After Zhang Huangyan's death, the corpses of Yinxian Wansi da and the monk Chao Zhi were collected, and Zhang Huangyan's nephew Zhu Xiangyu went to the governor Yamen to buy a first-class funeral, and in accordance with his wishes expressed in the poem "Entering the Wulin", he was buried under the Lychee Peak in the northern foothills of Hangzhou's Nanping Mountain, becoming the third hero buried in Hangzhou with Yue Fei and Yu Qian, and was later called "West Lake Three Jie". His former friend Ye Zhen (叶振) was named Dengyue Wang LingYao (登越王岭遥) to sacrifice his loyal soul, and wrote a tribute text to refer to Zhang Huangyan and Luo Lun as "Zhang Sima Erke". The QingGuo History Museum has established a biography for it, and the History of Ming has a biography.

In the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the "martyrdom of the courtiers" of the former dynasty, and praised and sacrificed them. It is included in the Records of the Martyrdom of the King DingSheng Dynasty. The Qing court added "loyalty to the martyrs" to Zhang Huangyan and placed his tablet in the "Ancestral Hall of Loyalty and Righteousness", and was allowed to enjoy regular offerings.

In terms of achievements, Zhang Huangyan did not have the feat of defeating the Jin army and defending half of the Southern Song Dynasty as Yue Fei did, nor did he defeat the Wallachian army under the city of Beijing like Yu Qianyu Shaobao, turn the tide of the tide, and make the Daming Jiangshan continue its heroic martial arts for two hundred years. However, why could he be ranked alongside Yue Fei and Yu Qian in the Three Masters of the West Lake?

In terms of personal ability, Zhang Huangyan is a rare talent of both culture and martial arts in Nanming, but having talent does not mean that he can exert his ambitions. Due to the general situation and poor luck, he has been defeated repeatedly. If you put him in the position of Zheng Chenggong, Li Dingguo, Sun Kewang and others, he will certainly be able to achieve greater achievements, so that Nanming Zhongxing may not be impossible!

The place where he makes future generations admire lies in destroying his family to relieve difficulties, willing to go through countless hardships, and also insisting on resisting the Qing! Until he was finally captured, he still insisted on national integrity and refused to surrender until he was killed!

He is an excellent representative of traditional Confucian intellectuals! It is the backbone of the nation!