"Liangzhou Sanming" refers to three outstanding generals who also belonged to the ancient Liangzhou people in the late Eastern Han Dynasty: Huang Fugui, Zhang Yi, and Duan Ji (颎颎ng). Huang Fugui, Zi Weiming, Zhang Yi, Zi Ranming, Duan Jiming, Zi Jiming, because all three of them had a "Ming" character, and they all made great contributions to the Zhiqiang, so they were called "Liangzhou Sanming" at that time. For these three generals, they all had outstanding achievements in the war against the Qiang, and they also had a high prestige among the Qiang people. However, these three people are divided into two camps in terms of suppression. Huang Fugui and Zhang Yi agreed with "Fu", while Duan Yi agreed with "suppression". Below, let's talk about these three famous generals in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
1. Emperor Fu Rules
Emperor Fugui (104–174), courtesy name Weiming, was a native of Anding County. Emperor Fugui was born into a family of generals, his grandfather Huang Fuling (皇甫棱), who served as a general of Duliao, and his father, Huang Fuqi, was appointed as a lieutenant of Fufeng. In the sixth year of Yonghe (141), the Western Qiang invaded the Sanfu region, besieged Anding, and planned to attack Chang'an. In this context, the general Ma Xian of Zhengxi led an army of 100,000 to conquer and suppress. Although Emperor Fugui was clothed at this time, he saw that Ma Xian's tactics were wrong, and he expected to lose, so he wrote to explain the situation.
Soon, Ma Xian was ambushed and surrounded and annihilated the Qiang army at Shegu Mountain, and Ma Xian and his second son were killed. At this point, Junshou knew that Emperor Fugui was familiar with the art of war, recommended him to appoint him as Gong Cao, and ordered him to lead eight hundred soldiers to engage the Qiang army, beheading him several levels, and causing the Qiang army to retreat. During the Western Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu became a major problem for the Han Dynasty. However, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the Qiang people around Liangzhou plagued the Eastern Han Dynasty for a long time. Even in the Three Kingdoms period, there were many Qiang people in the Liangzhou area, which was easily out of the control of the Central Plains Dynasty. This is also an important reason why Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei repeatedly attacked the Liangzhou region of Cao Wei during the Northern Expedition.
After that, The Emperor's Rules were elevated to the top of the ladder. In the first year of Jiankang (144), the Han Shun Emperor died, and Empress Liang came to the court, and her brother Liang Ji was a great general and arrogant. And this naturally caused the dissatisfaction of the general Huang Fugui. In the second year of Yanxi (159), Liang Ji was killed. In the winter of the fourth year of Yanxi (161), the Qiang people joined forces, and the imperial court was worried. The Three Dukes recommended Emperor Fugui as a general of Zhonglang, held the festival to supervise the Guanxi soldiers, and attacked Zero Wu and Dong Qiang, breaking them down and beheading them for eight hundred ranks. First of all, all kinds of Qiang admired his prestige, and more than 100,000 people persuaded him to surrender.
In the ninth year of Yanxi (166), Zhang Yi was promoted to the post of Grand Si Nong, and Emperor Fugui served as the general of Du Liao. Emperor Fugui served for several years, and there was nothing wrong with the northern border. In the first year of Yongkang (167), Emperor Fugui was conscripted into Shangshu. Soon, Emperor Fugui was transferred to hongnong county taishou, and was given the title of Marquis of Shoucheng pavilion and two hundred households, but he resigned from the title. In the end, he was transferred to the rank of Lieutenant of the Guardian Qiang. In the third year of Xiping (174), Emperor Fugui was summoned back due to old age and illness, and died in Yicheng on the way, at the age of seventy-one. As a result, for Emperor Fugui, a military general, he finally got a good ending. In addition, as far as Emperor Fugui's nephew Emperor Fusong was concerned, he led an army to quell the Yellow Turban Rebellion at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and together with Dong Zhuo, he quelled the rebellion in Liangzhou.
2. Zhang Wan
Zhang Yi (104–181), courtesy name Ranming, was a native of Yuanquan County, Dunhuang County, Liangzhou (present-day Anxi County, Gansu Province). A famous general and scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, one of the "Liangzhou Sanming", the father of the calligrapher Zhang Zhi.
In the first year of Yongshou (155), Zhang Washu was transferred to the post of Governor of the Anding Vassal State. The capital of the Anding vassal state was stationed in Sanshui County, Anding County (present-day tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). Soon after Zhang Yi took office, the Southern Xiongnu and Eastern Qiang jointly sent troops to attack Zhang Wan's garrison. At that time, there were only more than two hundred people in Zhang Wan's camp. Therefore, it is very obvious that when Zhang Yi first took office, he faced a difficult challenge.
Against the background of the enemy's outnumbered, Zhang Huan heard the news of the rebel attack and immediately led his soldiers to attack. At that time, some soldiers thought that they were invincible to the masses, and prostrated their heads to stop it, but Zhang Huan did not listen, so he led his troops into the Tun Great Wall. At this time, he collected soldiers on the one hand, and sent the general Wang Wei to surrender to the Eastern Qiang. The Eastern Han army soon occupied Guizi and cut off the communication between the Southern Xiongnu and the Eastern Qiang, and Zhu Hao successively led the people to surrender Zhang Wan, and together with the Eastern Han army attacked the Southern Xiongnu rebels led by Qian Feng and others, and won continuous victories. Moreover, Qu Bird was very frightened, so he led his people to surrender to Zhang Wan, so that the people of all ethnic groups in Anding County could obtain a peaceful and peaceful life. Under the decisive attack, Zhang Yi quickly quelled the rebellion.
In the spring of the ninth year of Yanxi (166), the imperial court Zhang Huan served as one of the nine secretaries of state. At this time, Xianbei on the northern border of the Eastern Han Dynasty, hearing the news of Zhang Wan's transfer, colluded with the Southern Xiongnu and Wuhuan to enter the blockade, or five or six thousand cavalry, or three or four thousand cavalry, and began to attack the nine counties along the border. In order to quell the rebellion, the imperial court still used Zhang Yi as the general to protect the Xiongnu, supervising the three prefectures of You, He, and Liang, as well as the two battalions of Duliao and Wuhuan. When the Southern Xiongnu and Wuhuan heard that Zhang Huan had led his troops to the front, they led a crowd of 200,000 people to surrender.
In the first month of the first year of Jianning (168), the twelve-year-old Han Ling Emperor took the throne, and Empress Dou came to the throne, and Dou Wu served as an auxiliary general. For Zhang Wan, he was used by the eunuch clique to attack the general Dou Wu. Afterwards, emperor Shang played the Han Ling Emperor and avenged Dou Wu and others. In the end, Zhang Yi moved to Tai changqing, resigned his official position and returned to his hometown, taught and wrote books, and no longer became a scholar. In the fourth year of Guanghe (181), Zhang Huan died at the age of seventy-eight. Therefore, for Zhang Wan, a famous general in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he also achieved a good ending. After Zhang's death, the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in 184 AD. In this regard, in the author's view, the outbreak of the Yellow Turban Rebellion means that history has entered the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty. Of course, because Zhang Huan died in 181 AD, he cannot be said to be a general during the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty.
3. Duan Jiao
Duan Ji (jiǒng)(?) –179), courtesy name Jiming, was a native of Wuwei Guzang (present-day Wuwei, Gansu). A famous general of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the great-grandson of Emperor Huizong of the Western Regions, together with Emperor Fugui (字威明) and Zhang Yi (字然明), was known as "Liangzhou Sanming".
According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and other historical records, Duan Ji learned to ride and shoot when he was young, and he had a literary and martial wisdom strategy. On this basis, Duan Haoju was born of filial piety, and successively served as the Xian Cemetery And Yangling County Commander, and he had considerable talent for governance. During the reign of Emperor Huan of Han, Duan Hao became a general, broke through the ranks, pacified Eastern Guo Dou and Gongsun, and was given the title of Marquis.
Between the second year of Yanxi (159) and the second year of Jianning (169), Duan Hao served as a lieutenant of the Qiang Guards, and for more than ten years he fought against the Qiang, fighting against the Qiang people one hundred and eighty times, killing nearly 40,000 people, and finally pacifying the Western Qiang and destroying the Eastern Qiang. For his meritorious service, Duan Was awarded the title of Marquis of Xinfeng County. In the history of the Han Dynasty, the status of the county marquis was above that of the township marquis, the Tinghou marquis, and the guannei marquis, which can be described as the peak honor of the military general. For example, Guan Yu's Hanshou Tinghou is only a Tinghou, which is still a big gap from the county hou. In the third year of Jianning (170), Duan Hao entered the dynasty as an official, and successively held the posts of Shizhong (侍中), Zhi Jinwu (潣金吾), Henan Yin (河南尹), and Si Li (司里校尉). For Duan Hao, he served as a lieutenant twice. However, in the second year of Guanghe (179), Duan Hao was affected by the case of The Eunuch Wang Fu, sat in prison, and died of drinking. Therefore, it is very obvious that among the Liangzhou Sanming, Duan Ji did not get a good ending.