In 1687 AD, Jin Nong, the second generation of the rich in the "Eight Monsters of Yangzhou", was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, according to his own words, it was "a few ridges in the family, a few ridges in the house, on the Qiantang River, in the middle of the Shutang, facing the river back to the mountain, and beyond the river there are infinite mountains." In this way, it is a field and a house, or a river view house, which is a proper rich and noble family.
Jin Nong has been intelligent since childhood, and the enlightenment teacher is also unusual. In his childhood, his father sent him to the home of the scholar He Zhuo, who had been the companion of the eighth son of the Emperor, Yin Yu. It was also from this time that he began to study the golden stone tablets, laying the foundation for his transformation of calligraphy in his later years.
His calligraphy is in and out of the Kaili, and the "lacquer book" created is particularly ancient, quite distinctive, rich in golden stone meaning, and is highly valued by the people of the time. The plum blossoms repeatedly depicted under his brush are cold, there is no pretentious pathology, they are mostly thriving lonely wild plums. It paints plum blossoms, with thick trunks and thick ink colors, delicate plum blossoms, and old trees blooming with delicate flowers, giving people a feeling of prosperity. Take a section of the old trunk of the plum tree, the arrangement is strange, the composition is chic, the dot dye is idle and cold, and the painting style is elegant.
It paints plum blossoms, and the flowers on the trees are sparse, or the buds are waiting to be placed, or the wind is spitting, or the blooming is blooming, or the extreme posture is angry. Old and tender, new and broken, the front side is leaning back, full of paper and jade. The ink method is simple and clumsy, and the pen is strong and sharp. The branches are densely packed, interspersed left and right, and the branches are written in light ink, and the thick ink is dotted with moss. Mei Duo's unobtrusive clumsiness, in the simple and sparse to see the elegant charm, but also shows the character of old Mei Linghan, suggesting that his life is high and vulgar feelings.
From Jin Nong's point of view, the ancient literati liked to observe mei's ecological habits, external forms and even inner character in detail, so as to obtain its temperament, and reflect with the character of the literati, becoming a rich cultural symbol and the emotional carrier of the literati. Below we will use the meaning of plum, the posture of plum, and the bone of plum to appreciate the artistic feelings of ancient literati:
01
Mei means
We can see the meaning of plum from the ancient literati yake to appreciate the intoxicating charm and unique posture of plum blossoms, such as the Song Dynasty Lin Kui, who lived in the lonely mountain of Hangzhou's West Lake, not as good as the city for nearly twenty years, did not marry a wife and have children, but planted plum cranes around the living room, known as plum wife cranes. His name was associated with Mei, and after his death, people erected a temple to worship him, calling him "Sui Xian", and the temple was accompanied by "Lady Meiying".
His "Mountain Garden Xiaomei": "Zhongfang shook the lonely Yan and occupied the style to the small garden." The shadow is shallow and shallow, and the dark incense floats at dusk. The frost bird wants to steal its eyes first, and the pink butterfly is like knowing the soul. Fortunately, there are micro-chants that can be snought together, and there is no need for sandalwood to share the golden bottle. "It is also a beautiful small plum map of the mountain garden for the world." The previous sentence lightly outlines the bones of the plum, and the "shadow" is like its lightness, like a shock; "horizontal oblique" transmits its charm and sings against the wind; "the water is clear and shallow" shows its clarity, flexibility and warmth. Then the thick ink depicts the rhyme of plums, and the "dark incense" writes its invisible fragrance, which comes with the wind but floats away in the "floating".
In the Ming Dynasty Tang Yin's painting of "MoMei Tu", it is self-titled: "The golden Cloth Fan Wang's family, white jade into the forest lala after the flower." For the wine may wish to also get ink, a branch of clear shadow written horizontally. "Now engraved on the wall of the corridor of Huanxiu Mountain Villa. The Humble Administrator's Garden "Snow Fragrant Cloud Wei" and the Lion Forest "Double Fragrant Immortal Hall" all take the fragrance of plum blossoms. In fact, plum blossoms have become a symbol of happiness and auspiciousness in the Jin Dynasty, and the Taiji Hall of Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty used plum wood as a beam and painted plums on liang, named "Meiliang Hall". According to the "Jinling Zhi", Princess Yangshou, the daughter of Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty, lay under the eaves of the Hanzhang Hall on the day of the person (the seventh day of the first month of the first month), and the plum blossoms fell on the forehead into five flowers, and they could not go away, and the number "plum blossom makeup" was effective for everyone in the palace.
People love to use the harmonic sound of "plum" "eyebrow", and the magpie is combined into the pattern of "magpie dengmei", which means "happy on the eyebrow", which is widely used in the carving pattern to create a happy and peaceful atmosphere. Shochiku Mei called "the three friends of the cold year", and Su Shi praised "mei han and beautiful, bamboo thin and long-lived, stone ugly and wen, is a friend of the three benefits". As a result, pine, bamboo and plum became the traditional patterns in Chinese literati painting.
And jucheng "four gentlemen", not only in painting and carving common themes, but also in the garden wood carving, brick carving, book strip stone, window carving, ground patterns, indicating the noble and extraordinary character, creating a beautiful artistic conception and charm. As described in Song Dulei's "Cold Night", "ordinary window before the moon, only plum blossoms are different", that is, plum blossoms as windows, becoming a scale "plum window".
There are also ancients who like to plant plum blossoms next to the piano room and chess villa, stroke the piano between the flowers, and play against the plum bushes, such as Yuan Feng Zizhen's so-called "Wan Yu into a forest covered with stone scales, and the two men are relatively leisurely". This is really the comfort of the literati leaning over the universe of heaven and earth.
02
Mei Zhizi
Plum blossoms are refreshing, quiet and elegant, and have a pure personality, which is quite in line with the independent hermit posture of the deceased, which is deeply in line with the psychology of the Song people who revere elegance and elegance, and the Song literati love plums and appreciate plums as a fashion. The poems are yinmei characters, and there are more than 4,700 yongmei poems in the Quan Song Poems. Wang Anshi appreciated its hardiness: "There are several plum branches on the wall, and Ling Han opens it alone." Lu Youmei said: "Outside the station, the bridge is broken, and there is no owner in loneliness." It was already dusk alone, and the wind and rain were even greater. There is no intention of bitterly fighting for spring, and Ren Qunfang is jealous. Zero fell into the mud and dust, only the incense was as it was. "The Yuan Dynasty Wang Tian's "White Plum" praises the absolute purity of the white plum and the beauty of spring. There are also plum blossoms that give them the heart of elegance and loyalty, the so-called "plum heart is like a sunflower, cherishing the south branch" (Qing Gu Wenbin's "Yiyuan Zayong Nanxueting").
Plum blossoms have the reputation of "flower queen", and the style is exquisite, especially horizontal, oblique, curved, ancient, elegant, cang, sparse as beautiful. Fan Chengda's "Plum Spectrum Afterword" Yun: "Mei is full of rhyme and high, so it is expensive to be strange and strange with thin and thin branches." Su Shi's "He Qin Tai Void Plum Blossom" is extremely appreciative of "the thousand trees in Jiangtou are dark in spring, and the slope of a branch outside the bamboo is better", which is quite the beauty of Mei's solitude and quietness and the beauty of the song.
Song Jiang Baishi's "Night from Shihu Lake to Guiyi Creek" is such a performance of spring cold material steep, cold smoke and barren grass, ancient palace ruins, can not stop the footsteps of spring, snow melt grass green, bamboo plum blossoms out of the fragrance: "Fine grass through the sand and snow half disappear, Wu Palace smoke cold water. No one saw the plum blossom bamboo, and the incense was blown across the stone bridge one night. ”
03
Plum Bone
Plum blossoms, born hardy, pregnant flower buds in the cold wind of mid-winter, the rate of ten thousand trees before the end of winter. Plum blossoms, "iron rod branches embroidered with ancient moss, Qunfang Spectrum in the hundred flowers", have both the quality of pine cypress and the posture of Lan zhu, as Song Zhuxi's "Plum Blossom Endowment" wrote: "Both Zhu Lan Hui and easy to plant, different from the pine cypress is not gorgeous", the flower posture is elegant, the charm is charming, the character is noble and dignified, the jade is clean and icey, symbolizing purity; the proud bones are rugged, and the virginal posture is strong, symbolizing tenacity and integrity.
There is also Xin's "Sheng Cha Zi. Heavy leaf plum:"A hundred flowers bloom on the head, and see you in the cold of ice and snow." Frost moon fixed acquaintance, first know the spring wind surface.... "A depiction of Mei's proud spirit of not fearing the cold. As a military expert who has made a great deal out of the way, Xin's achievements are outstanding. As a songwriter, the creation is even more abundant. Most of the plums he wrote praised Mei's noble character, thus pinning his own sense of life. Such as its "Nian Nu Jiao. May: "... The bones are pure and tender, and the heavens are different and strange..." Is to praise the plum blossom jade clean ice, the tender soul cold, the bones are strange, and have an extraordinary and holy character. From the words, we can see that although the lyricist is writing Mei, he has integrated his sense of life into it, and with emotion, the praise of plum blossom character is full of pride and affirmation of self-character discipline, and the lyricist praises Mei is really praising himself, with far-reaching meaning and intriguing.
Art is a memory with a smell, in poetry, in dance, in painting, in music, in images, if there is no smell of life, how can it move people and feel themselves? This public account is dominated by traditional Chinese culture, which covers traditional Chinese art, intangible cultural heritage and other aspects. From a small object or an ancient painting to trace the footprints of the ancients, excavate the old things with ordinary words, and share with more people the Chinese life trajectory and spiritual traces carried by these old things. It is hoped that readers can taste their interest in it and find their friends here, just as the Mingren Chen Jiru's "Little Window Youji" said: "Strange stones are real friends, famous qins are friends, good books are beneficial friends, strange paintings are guanyou, Fa Ti is Fan You, Liang Yan is Li You, BaoJing is Ming You, Jing Ji is Fang You, Gu Ci is a virtual friend, the old furnace is a smoke friend, the paper account is a su friend, and the dust is a quiet friend." Looking forward to being friends with you!