The public name of literature and history: Qiao Mu "is a pen name; Shuxiang Mendi, Tsinghua and Zhejiang University; joined the party in 1932 and went to Yan'an in 37 years; Hu Qiaomu had a unique life experience and profound knowledge; he served as a secretary to Mao Zedong for 25 years, and the "pen pole" of the core of two generations of leadership; he made speeches for the party all his life, drafted a large number of documents for the party Central Committee, "propaganda, explanation, and defense for the party", and was praised by Deng Xiaoping as "the first pen within the party"; he was in charge of the People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency.
Hu Qiaomu's complexity is just as his daughter Hu Muying put it: "After the death of my father, some comrades recalled: It is difficult for people who do not understand Chinese politics to understand the theoretical character of Hu Qiaomu, a person who has served politics all his life and pursued political thinking.
Hu Qiaomu was born in 1912 in Anhu Township, Yancheng County, Jiangsu Province, in a scholarly mendi, the son of Hu Qidong, a Yancheng celebrity and a talent in the late Qing Dynasty.
From 1924 to 1930, when he was studying at Yangzhou Middle School in Jiangsu Province, he had contact with the Communists.
In the second half of 1930, while studying at Tsinghua University in Beiping, he joined the Communist Youth League of China and served as a member of the Municipal Committee of the Beiping Youth League and the director of propaganda.
After the "918" incident in 1931, he participated in leading the anti-Japanese salvation movement of Peking students.
In 1932, he joined the Communist Party of China in Yancheng, and under the leadership of the party engaged in propaganda and organizational activities, and edited progressive literary and art publications such as Haixia.
From the second half of 1933 to the end of 1934, when he was studying at Zhejiang University, he organized a secret reading club and was one of the leaders of the student movement.
From 1936 to 1937, he participated in the leadership of the left-wing cultural movement and the underground organization of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai, and served as the secretary of the Left-Wing Cultural General League, the propaganda director of the Provisional Committee of the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and one of the leaders of the Communist Party's anti-Japanese rescue work in Shanghai.
Hu Qiaomu arrived in Yan'an in July 1937.
In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he successively worked in the Central Propaganda Department, the Wartime Youth Training Class, and the Central Youth Commission, serving as the person in charge of the youth training class, a member of the Central Youth Commission, and the provost of the Mao Zedong Youth Cadre School, and was the chief editor of the Central Youth Commission's organ publication, "Chinese Youth," and conducting revolutionary education for a large number of progressive young people and young people in the border areas who rushed to Yan'an.
From February 1941, he was Mao Zedong's secretary and secretary of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee. He held this position until the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution in June 1966.
During his work in Yan'an, he assisted Mao Zedong in editing important historical documents such as "Since the Sixth National Congress," "Before the Six Congresses," and "Two Lines" for senior party cadres to study and study party history.
After the launch of the whole party rectification movement in 1942, he participated in leading the rectification movement in the literary and art circles and participated in the Seventh National Congress of the Party.
He participated in the drafting of the Resolution on a Number of Historical Questions. He also wrote dozens of editorials for Yan'an's Liberation Daily.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he went to Chongqing as a member of Mao Zedong's entourage to participate in peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communists.
During the Liberation War, Hu Qiaomu first participated in land reform in Longdong, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.
From mid-April 1947, he followed Mao Zedong to northern Shaanxi.
After arriving in Xibaipo, Pingshan County, Hebei Province in April 1948, he served as editor-in-chief and president of Xinhua News Agency and deputy director of the Central Propaganda Department. He drafted important documents for the Party Central Committee on many occasions.
In February 1948, the "Provisions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Division and Treatment of Various Classes in Land Reform (Draft)", which was mainly drafted by him, was praised by Mao Zedong.
He wrote and revised numerous editorials, commentaries and news for Liberation Daily and Xinhua News Agency. He wrote important editorials such as "Refuting Chiang Kai-shek" and "Confession of Helplessness".
In March 1949, he attended the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and gave a speech on journalism. After the Party Central Committee entered Beiping, he participated in the drafting of the "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" and attended the First Chinese Political Consultative Conference.
From 1950 to 1954, he was executive deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee.
In 1954, he became Deputy Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
In 1955, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences .
After September 1956, he was the alternate secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
His 1951 book, Thirty Years of the Communist Party of China, was the first groundbreaking concise history of the Party in New China. He participated in the editing of volumes 1 to 4 of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong.
He participated in the drafting of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1954 and the main documents of the Eighth National Congress of the Party in 1956.
He wrote articles such as "On the Historical Experience of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat Again" under the auspices of the Politburo of the Cpc Central Committee.
He has successively served as the president of Xinhua News Agency, the director of People's Daily, and the director of the General Information Administration of the Central People's Government, and has written many important editorials and news for People's Daily and Xinhua News Agency.
He has successively served as secretary general of the Cultural and Education Committee of the State Council, member of the Chinese Character Reform Committee, member of the Central Working Committee for the Promotion of Putonghua, and deputy director of the Hanyu Pinyin Scheme Review committee.
After the "Left" error occurred in the Party's guiding ideology, in the late fifties and early sixties, some important documents drafted by him under the leadership of the Party Central Committee played a certain role in stopping and correcting the errors that had been discovered at that time.
During the Lushan Conference in 1961, Hu Qiaomu was severely criticized by the Central Committee for a mistake in his work.
During the Cultural Revolution, Hu Qiaomu was persecuted by the Gang of Four.
In 1975, he was appointed head of the Political Research Office of the State Council, actively involved in the comprehensive rectification work led by Deng Xiaoping, and presided over the revision of important documents such as "Several Issues Concerning Accelerating Industrial Development" and "Report Outline" on the work of the Academy of Sciences.
When Mao Zedong launched the "criticism of Deng and the counterattack against the right-leaning reversal of the case," Hu Qiaomu wrote a lengthy report exposing Deng Xiaoping. When Deng Xiaoping made a comeback in 1977, Qiao Mu was terrified. Deng Xiaoping did not count the previous past, and used Hu Qiaomu again,
After smashing the "Gang of Four," we supported Comrade Deng Xiaoping's criticism of the erroneous policy of "two whatevers" and the discussion on the standard of truth.
At the October 1978 State Council retreat meeting, he delivered a speech entitled "Handling Affairs in Accordance with Economic Laws and Accelerating the Realization of the Four Modernizations."
He attended the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in December 1978 and was responsible for drafting the documents of the plenum. He was re-elected as a member of the Central Committee and appointed Deputy Secretary-General of the Central Committee.
In August 1978, Li Shu, Li Xin, and Liao Gailong chatted idly. Li Shu solemnly said to Qiao Mu: "Continue the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat" really does not make sense. Qiao Mu said, "There must be a permanent revolution!" Li Shu said: The dictatorship of the proletariat is our own political power, and if we continue the revolution, whose life will we revolutionize? Li Xin smiled and said: Lin Biao said well, Ge Ge's life is over. Qiao Mu said after a while: This question is very important and worth considering. Since then he has written articles on the continuation of the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat in large numbers.
At the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in February 1980, he was elected secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee. He continued to be responsible for the drafting of important central documents and the guidance of theoretical work.
From 1980 to 1981, under the presidency of Comrade Deng Xiaoping and other comrades, he was responsible for drafting the "Resolution on Several Historical Issues Concerning the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", and then for drafting major documents for the Twelfth National Congress.
In 1982, he was elected as a member of the 12th Politburo of the Communist Party of China. He presided over the drafting of important documents such as the "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Historical Issues Concerning the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China."
In 1986, Hu Qiaomu and Deng Liqun jointly launched the "Campaign to Eliminate Spiritual Pollution".
In 1987, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee of the Communist Party of China.
After the Thirteenth Congress, he retreated to the second line.
Comrade Hu Qiaomu was the main leader of the Work of the Party Central Committee after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee on the compilation of Party documents, the study of Party history, and the management of archives.
He successively served as director of the office of the Editorial Committee of Mao Zedong's works, director of the Literature Research Office of the CPC Central Committee, and director of the Party History Research Office of the CPC Central Committee. He led the revision of the second edition of Volumes 1 to 4 of the Selected Works of Mao Zedong and personally edited the new edition of the Selected Poems of Mao Zedong. He assisted Deng Xiaoping in the examination and approval of selected works such as the Selected Writings of Deng Xiaoping.
His major works include: "Thirty Years of the Communist Party of China", "Collected Writings of Hu Qiaomu", "On humanitarianism and alienation", etc.
He died in Beijing on September 28, 1992, at the age of 81.
Wife: Gu Yu (formerly known as Li Guiying)
Son: Hu Quartz
Daughter: Hu Muying
Hu Qiaomu (June 1, 1912 – September 28, 1992), real name Hu Dingxin, "Arbor" is a pen name. A native of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province.
#历史上的今天 #