Tianyi Pavilion Moon Lake Scenic Area is located in the center of Ningbo, consisting of tianyi pavilion museum and moon lake two core scenic spots, with a total area of about 1 square kilometer.
Near the water tower platform first get the moon, a city of scenic spots half return to the lake. The water area of Yuehu Lake is 9 hectares, known as West Lake in ancient times, also known as Jian Lake, which has always been a place where literati and scholars gather, and is known as "Zoulu in Eastern Zhejiang".
Located on Tianyi Street, west of Yuehu Lake in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tianyi Pavilion is the oldest surviving private library in China and one of the oldest private library buildings in the world.
The plaque nanguo book city four big characters, is China's famous Ningbo Ninghai Chinese painting master Pan Tianshou wrote in 1962.
Many people will wonder why the plaque of Tianyi Pavilion has not been paid. It is said that the font of the plaque is picked out word by word from the "Jiucheng Gong Liquan Ming" poster of Ouyang Qing in the Tang Dynasty, so it has not been dropped. "Good things have been passed down through the ages; Good books spread to Kyushu. This couplet was written by Guo Moruo, a modern writer and former minister of culture.
Fan Qin (1506~1585), courtesy name Yaoqing, was a native of Yin County, Zhejiang (present-day Yinzhou District, Ningbo). A famous bibliophile of the Ming Dynasty, the owner of the oldest surviving library in China, Tianyi Pavilion.
The picture on the wall behind the bronze statue is called the Xishan YimaTu. The picture is 2 meters high and 4.9 meters long, which is a pile sculpture work, which is a pile sculpture of the late Mr. Hu Shancheng, a veteran folk artist from Ninghai. It is said that this kind of heap sculpture is carved from mussel shell ash, straw ash and mud, which is very cumbersome and complex, and very delicate. Eight horses rest by the stream, and their forms come to life. The picture shape is rough and feels out of proportion, but in fact, it makes full use of traditional Chinese painting techniques to highlight the picture. At that time, the head of state of Cambodia, Prince Sihanouk, also took photos here.
Dongming Caotang, originally the middle hall and main living room of The former residence of Sima Di of the Fan clan, because Fan Qin called himself Dongming, so it was called Dongming Caotang, also known as Yiwulu.
Dongming Caotang was originally Fan Qin's library before the Tianyi Pavilion was built, and later became a living room. Therefore, the style of the living room of the middle hall of the Ming Dynasty is restored here, showing the scene of the meeting of scholars and doctors in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
Dongming Caotang illuminates the wall, which is also a sculpture of Mr. Hu Shancheng. In the painting is the ancient legendary beast badger. According to historical records, the badger can argue right from wrong, good and evil are loyal and adulterous, and are symbols of justice.
Fan's former residence, the east hall of Fan Qin's homestead, is the place where his descendants originally lived and lived. The current building was rebuilt in the ninth year of Qing Daoguang. Fan's former residence is located outside the Tianyi Pavilion library surrounded by high walls, so that the living area and the library area are isolated from each other, which Fan Qin carefully arranged to protect the collection. "Wine is full of bottles of books, and mountain flowers are like embroidered grass", this couplet was written by fan Yongqi.
In Fan's former residence, a group of scenes of Fan Qin dividing the family property between his two sons in his later years was designed: he took out 10,000 taels of silver and Tianyi Pavilion and the collection of books for the two rooms to choose from, the eldest son Fan Dachong accepted the books on the first floor, and the second room accepted 10,000 taels of silver. Vividly interprets "generations do not divide the book, the book does not go out of the cabinet; Tobacco and alcohol should not go upstairs; Strict house rules that women are not allowed to climb the stairs.
In 1665 (the fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty), Fan Qin's great-grandson Fan Wenguang built rockeries around the pond, built bridges around pavilions, and planted flowers and grasses, so that the entire pavilion and its surroundings began to take on the style of a private garden in Jiangnan.
Zunjing Pavilion, originally in Ningbo Fuxue, mainly stored Confucian classics such as the Four Books and Five Classics, was rebuilt during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and was built here during the Republic of China when local people raised funds to repair Tianyi Pavilion. Here we highlight the history of Tianyi Pavilion's transformation from private to public.
In the 1970s and 1980s, some media and tourists mistakenly considered the Zun Jing Pavilion to be the Tianyi Pavilion. The main reason for this is that Tianyi Pavilion is too simple and unremarkable; and the Zunjing Pavilion has a flying eaves, majestic and spectacular, two stone lions crouched in front of the door, and a huge magnolia tree, which is very grand, so it is crowned and li dai, making many jokes.
The stone stele on these walls around the Zunjing Pavilion is collectively known as the Mingzhou Forest of Steles; There are a total of 173 parties, of which nearly 80 parties were relocated from Ningbo Fuxue and County School in 1953. The inscription records the economic, political, military, cultural and educational conditions of Ningbo's dynasties, and has become a local history book carved on stone, which has important historical value.
Qian Jin Zhai is a republic of China building, and the plaque was inscribed by the Ningbo Cixi calligrapher Qian Han in 1935.
Qianjinzhai has three exhibition halls, and this one contains jin bricks of different styles and sizes.
In that year, Mr. Ma Lian donated more than 1,000 Jin bricks, which was the first time for the private donation to Tianyi Pavilion, and this house was also built to preserve the donated Jin bricks.
The second exhibition hall displays some of the collections donated to Tianyi Pavilion by many famous bibliophiles in Ningbo, including the dedication words of Feng Zhenqun, Zhang Jiyan and other bibliophiles, expressing their good intentions of coexisting with Tianyi Pavilion and benefiting future generations.
The last exhibition hall is an introduction to the deeds of famous scholars who have ascended the library throughout the ages. Huang Zongxi, character Lizhou, number Nanlei. Hailed by later generations as the greatest thinker of the seventeenth century in China, Huang Zongxi became the first person with a foreign surname to ascend to the Tianyi Pavilion Library in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, in 1673 with his character and integrity. Huang Zongxi not only read all the books in Tianyi Pavilion, but also compiled a catalog for Tianyi Pavilion's collection. After he ascended to the Tianyi Pavilion, he issued such an exclamation: It is difficult to read, it is especially difficult to collect books, and it is difficult to hide them for a long time without scattering.
Hundred Goose Pavilion: A relic of the Ming Dynasty, it is a shrine pavilion in front of the tomb, originally in Zuguan Mountain, and was moved here in 1959. The structure of this pavilion is exquisite, graceful and gorgeous, and the fang forehead and other places are carved with "Fish Leaping Dragon Gate", "Double Lion Play Ball", "Seahorse Leaping Wave", "Qilin Zhaobao" and other patterns.
Originally built during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Zhang Gong Ancestral Hall was relocated from the former Ningbo Mechanical Industry School on Huaishu Road in Jiangbei in 1986 and renamed Ninghui Hall.
The Ninghui Hall is equipped with the "Siming Lanting Special Furnishings", which is specially used to display the stickers of the Tianyi Pavilion collection.
Among the many "Orchid Pavilion Preface" inscriptions stored by Siming, especially the Dragon Pavilion hidden by Tianyi Pavilion is the most. The handwriting of this stele is delicate and decent, and the traces of broken edges and peeling are faithfully copied, and it is recognized by the academic community as the crown of the surviving "Orchid Pavilion Preface", and it is said that the time of carving the stone is earlier than the "Orchid Pavilion Preface" in Shaoxing Lanting.
Shuibei Pavilion was originally the library building of the Ningbo bibliophile Xu Shidong in the Qing Dynasty, the original site was in the XimenWai Heng Liuxiang, and after the collection of books at the end of the Qing Dynasty was dispersed, the descendants of the Xu clan lived in it.
In 1993, due to the transformation of the old city of Ningbo, in order to better protect the Shuibei Pavilion, the Ningbo Municipal Government decided to relocate the Shuibei Pavilion to the Tianyi Pavilion Museum. Under the meticulous construction of Tianyi Pavilion Ancient Construction Company, Shuibei Pavilion and Xu's former residence were restored in 1996 in the original appearance of Tianyi Pavilion South Park. Since 1999, it has become a collection of Chinese local history collections specializing in the collection of newly compiled local history.
Fan's Yu House is an independent courtyard, where the complete exhibition of the general history of Tianyi Pavilion is condensed, visitors can clearly understand the entire context of tianyi pavilion development from its creation to the present, and intuitively see important cultural relics and graphic introductions.
In the carefully groomed small courtyard, a group of statues of fan clan people exposing books and checking beetles were placed, vividly reflecting the management system of Fan's book collection from one side.
As the basic exhibition of Tianyi Pavilion Museum, the "Fragrance of the Wise - The History of the Development of Tianyi Pavilion" takes the history of the development of Tianyi Pavilion as a clue to comprehensively display the wind and rain history of Tianyi Pavilion for nearly 500 years, and reveals the spirit and cultural inheritance of bibliophiles' book collection.
Tianyi Pavilion, also known as Baoshu Lou, was built in the 40th year of Jiajing (1561) in the Ming Dynasty, presided over by Fan Qin, the right attendant of the Bingbu At that time.
In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong (1772 AD), the Xiazhao began to revise the Siku Quanshu, and Fan Qin's eighth grandson Fan Maozhu entered the collection of 638 kinds of books.
The Qianlong Emperor saw that the Fan family's collection of books had not been destroyed for hundreds of years, so he ordered the style of surveying and mapping the houses and bookcases of Tianyi Pavilion, and built the famous "Seven Pavilions of the North and South" to collect the seven sets of "Four Libraries complete books" written and repaired, and Tianyi Pavilion has also become famous throughout the country.
In the early years of the Republic of China, Xue Jiwei, a great thief in Jiangyang, colluded with illegal booksellers to steal more than a thousand books from the collection and transport them to Shanghai for resale. Later, many changes were experienced, and by 1940, only 1591 books remained in the cabinet, with a total of 13038 volumes.
After the completion of Tianyi Pavilion, it was also repaired several times. The biggest repair was on September 18, 1933, after a typhoon blew down the east wall of Tianyi Pavilion, and Fan was unable to repair it. The Tianyi Pavilion Committee was rebuilt and donations were collected from all walks of life, and by June 1937, the maintenance project was completed, and a total of more than 20,000 yuan of donations were received. Since the beginning of this renovation, the private library Tianyi Pavilion has gradually transitioned and developed in the direction of public library buildings. After the liberation of Ningbo in 1949, Fan's descendants donated Tianyi Pavilion to the state.
Built in the 1920s, the Qin Clan Ancestral Hall is based on the longitudinal axis from north to south, and the north-south axis is formed by the zhaobi, the entrance hall, the opera stage, the main building, the apse, etc., and there are box rooms on the left and right sides. In terms of decoration, it integrates a variety of traditional folk crafts such as wood carving, brick carving, stone carving, gold pasting, and copying, and has rich themes and beautiful shapes, which is the culmination of Ningbo residential architecture. Among them, the Jujin wood carving is the most outstanding, and the typical building is the stage.
The Tianyi Pavilion Museum collects this "Ten Thousand Workers' Car" made in the early years of the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. It is 3 meters high, 1.5 meters long, 0.95 meters wide, weighs about 200 kilograms, requires 8 people to carry on their shoulders, and is a first-class car. The whole palanquin is made of wood carving, vermilion paint underneath, gold leaf appliqué, golden splendor. The extremely luxurious Zhujin wood carving wangong palanquin, its luxury even far exceeds the queen's flower palanquin, has the reputation of "the world's first palanquin".
Regarding the naming of Tianyi Pavilion, there are generally two theories. The first is that Fan Qin saw in the I Ching when he was reading; Tiansheng water, the earth 60% of the saying, he believes that books are the most afraid of fire, and water can overcome fire, inspired by the setting up of this building, and named Tianyi Pavilion. Another theory is that Fan Qin collected the inscriptions and obtained a Wu Daoist Dragon Tiger Mountain stone carving, which is the book of Yuan Jie Daisi, and has the three characters of "Tianyi Pond", Fan Qin was very happy, thinking that it was suitable for the meaning of his own pavilion to chisel the pond, so he named it "Tianyi Pavilion".
In the Tianyi Pavilion Library, a kind of brassica herb is sandwiched in the book to prevent the erosion of book beetles, and there is also a poignant and moving story.
The Qing Dynasty Kun "Collection of Chuncaotang" records: During the Jiaqing period, Qian Xiuyun, the niece of Qiu Tieqing, the prefect of Ningbo, loved poetry and books, and when she heard that Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion had tens of thousands of volumes of books, she was overjoyed, and in order to have the opportunity to study in the Pavilion, she Tuoqiu Taishou was a matchmaker and married Fan Bangzhu Xiucai, a descendant of the Fan clan. After marriage, Qian Xiuyun was full of hopes of climbing the cabinet, and when Fan Xiucai proposed to go to the Heavenly Pavilion to read a book, Fan Xiucai said with embarrassment: "The Fan family has a family rule of 'books do not go out of the cabinet, women do not go upstairs', you want to go to the cabinet to read, this is something that can never be done!"
Qian Xiuyun married into the Fan family for the sake of books, and even when she was dying, she could not enter the Tianyi Pavilion, and eventually died of depression. Unwilling to die, he left his last words: "The reason why I came to the Ru family, the yuncao, the yuncao is not seen, and what is the birth?" Junru pitied concubines, the left side of the death burial cabinet, concubines are blind! Qian Xiuyun can be described as the world's first "female book idiot".
As one of the oldest surviving private library buildings in Asia, Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion is the eternal spiritual home and temple of Chinese scholars and literati for thousands of years. After nearly 500 years, Tianyi Pavilion is a model of Ningbo's book collection culture and a vivid symbol of Chinese book collection culture, and has now been vividly called "Ningbo's study". In the mid-1990s, the famous essayist Yu Qiuyu wrote "Wind and Rain And Heaven and One Pavilion", which made Tianyi Pavilion famous for a while.
(Taken on April 2, 2019, Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion)