Because of the selection of high school textbooks, Lu Xun's "Blessing" became a well-known article. In the article, we weep over the tragic life of Xianglin Sister-in-law, and we are also angry at the feudal etiquette that killed Xianglin Sister-in-law. The teacher told us in class that it was Lu Siye, Xiang Lin's mother-in-law, Liu Mama, and the author "I" who were all accomplices and accomplices of feudal society. Mentally and spiritually, they brutally killed Xiang Lin with indifference and hilarity. Because they are consciously or unconsciously driven by feudal etiquette, they are the tools of feudal etiquette to eat people.
That is to say, according to Mr. Lu Xun's meaning, the black hand behind the real killing of Xiang Lin's sister-in-law was the feudal ritual of "eating people".
How does feudal ritualism eat people?
This also starts from the connotation of feudal etiquette.
We all know that Confucius's Confucianism advocated retro Zhou rites and emphasized ruling the country with etiquette, so etiquette was very important in feudal society. Since the Emperor of the Han Dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu's proposal to "depose the Hundred Families and respect Confucianism alone", Confucianism has become a dominant family, and etiquette has been more valued.
First of all, feudal etiquette attaches importance to names. Confucius said that if the name is not correct, the words are not smooth, and if the words are not smooth, things will not be accomplished. It is to emphasize the importance of justification.
Therefore, women in feudal society attach great importance to chastity, and marriage is even more demanding from one end to the other. Because Xianglin's sister-in-law married a second husband, although she was forced, it was an established fact. Therefore, the people of Luzhen will look at Xianglin sister-in-law differently. Men, on the other hand, attach importance to honor and dignity, believing that starvation is small and loss of temperance is great. So you will see that in ancient times, there were often people who felt humiliated or even committed suicide because of their bad reputation. Today, Japan still recognizes this culture.
Therefore, Xiang Lin's sister-in-law was first victimized by the chastity of feudal etiquette.
Secondly, feudal etiquette also paid special attention to order.
We all know that although many social relations in feudal society are very complicated, the most core of them are monarchs, fathers and sons, and husbands and wives.
Therefore, Confucianism formulated the "Three Principles and Five Constants" for the holders of imperial power, and used this idea to standardize and then bind people.
In the Three Principles and Five Constants are the Three Principles, which are the King's Subjects, the Father's Son' Program, and the Husband's Wife's Program.
The meaning of the program is to set an example. The original meaning of the jun is the subject of the subordinate, the father is the son, and the husband is the wife.
There is no problem in setting an example, but in fact, with the continuous strengthening of the feudal hierarchy, the original example has gradually become the compulsory leadership of the king to the subject, the father to the son, the husband to the wife, and the obedience of the subject to the king, the son to the father, and the wife to the husband. Of these three relationships, the relationship between monarchs and subjects is particularly true. That is to say, what the king wants his subjects to do, the courtiers will do, even if it is to let him take his life. This can be reflected in the fact that courtiers used to talk to each other about death in ancient times, and in the saying that "the king wants his subjects to die, and the subjects have to die";
In fact, this jun is the subject, the father is the son, and the husband is the wife, which is different from Confucius's original meaning, and it is very different. Confucius in the Analects. Yan Yuan said in the chapter that the original words were Qi Jinggong asking the government of Confucius. Confucius said, "A king, a subject, a father, a son." Gong Yue: "Zenya! Faith is like a king who is not a king, a subject is not a subject, a father is not a father, a son is not a son, although there is millet, I have to eat it? ”
What does that mean? The monarch of the State of Qi once asked Confucius how to govern the country. Then Confucius said, "A monarch and a subject should be like a father and a son", that is to say, those who are monarchs should be like a monarch, those who are courtiers should be like a courtier, those who are fathers should be like a father, and those who are children should be like children. Qi Jinggong was very happy to hear it, and said well, if the monarch does not look like a monarch, the courtier does not look like a courtier, the father does not look like a father, and the child is like a child, then even if there is corn to eat (corn here refers to grain, or food), I may not be able to eat. Although Qi Jinggong agreed with Confucius's words, it should be noted that his foothold was the problem of eating by himself, that is to say, the reason why he approved it was only because he felt that by doing so, he would have food to eat.
But in the future, when reading this paragraph, we must think more. In fact, Confucius's meaning has another level, that is, what needs to be done if the king is not a king, a subject, a father, a father, or a son? That is to say, if the monarch does not look like a monarch, is absurd all day long, and ignores the government and does not care whether the people are dead or alive, then the courtiers can not recognize such a monarch. In the same way, if a courtier does not look like a courtier, he knows all day long that he is corrupt and perverted, regardless of whether the gentleman and the common people are alive or dead, such a courtier, the monarch can kill his head. The father and son behind it are also well understood. That is to say, both father and child must do their own good.
However, Confucius only said that the emperor and the subject of the father and son, as for the consequences of the king not the king and the subject, the father and the son, confucius did not say, we can think for ourselves.
The eight words of father and son of kings and subjects must be paid attention to by everyone. Why, you see, are these eight words very different from the principle of the king as the subject and the father as the son?
Father and son are a more relative, fair and democratic point of view, and the king is the subject, and the father is the son has completely become a feudal patriarchal system, under which there has never been equality.
Therefore, Confucius's Confucian doctrine was later distorted or deliberately distorted. What is the reason, you can discuss it in depth.
In addition to the Three Principles, the Five Constants refer to benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, and faith. That is to say, in the relationship between father and son, it is necessary to achieve these requirements. In fact, benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and faith themselves are not bad, but like the Three Principles, they are easily misinterpreted under the feudal imperial power.
In addition to the three principles and five constants, feudal etiquette also pays attention to the three from the four virtues.
Three subordinates refer to the death of a woman's husband from the son - unmarried from the father - both married from the husband;
Unmarried from the Father - both married from the husband - the husband dies from the son, and the meaning of the three from the three is to say that the woman's life, from the moment of birth, is to be attached to the man. When you are not married, you must listen to your father, when you are married, you must listen to your husband, and if your husband dies, he must follow his son. Therefore, there are idioms such as "marrying a chicken with a chicken and marrying a dog with a dog" and "mother is expensive with a child".
The four virtues refer to women's morality, women's speech, women's appearance, and women's skills;
This means that women's ideological character, speech and demeanor, manners, and attitudes, as well as housework, must strictly abide by the constraints of feudal etiquette.
The Eastern Han Dynasty female writer Ban Zhao's "Female Commandment" says it very clearly.
She said, "Women have four elements, one is women's virtue, two are women's speech, three are women's appearance, and four are women's skills."
The virtue of the husband and the woman does not have to be brilliant; the woman's speech does not have to be sharp; the woman's appearance does not have to be beautiful in color; the woman's worker does not have to be skilled.
Idle and chaste, observing the rules neatly, acting shamefully, moving and quieting the law, is called women's morality;
In short, women should have chastity and shame;
Choosing words and saying, not speaking evil words, sometimes speaking, not dogs to people, is a woman's speech;
In short, talking over the brain, not hurting people with bad words
Dusty, freshly dressed, bathed in time, not dirty, is a woman's appearance;
In short, dress neatly and take a shower on time
Concentrate on weaving, not good at laughing, clean wine and food, for guests, is called women's work.
In short, focus on housework and treat guests around the clock
An adult woman is called a woman's Taoist family, and if a woman breaks the rules, she is called not abiding by the woman's way. Of course, this is the rule of ancient times.
Women's morality, women's speech, women's appearance, and women's skills, as the connotation of the four virtues, in fact, in a nutshell, is that a woman's talentlessness is virtue, and at the same time, a woman must also be obedient, can do things, know honesty and shame, keep chastity, and so on.
From our point of view, feudal society governs the country with etiquette, which can be summed up very simply, that is, relationship. Under the shackles of the three principles and five constants and the three from the four virtues, all the men and women in feudal society were bound. Women are even worse. Let's see, what monarchy, divine power, clan power, patriarchal power, and husband power are all in the three principles and five constants, but what is missing? Yes, only there is no feminism. This is also the reason for the low status of feudal women.
The serious lack of feminism in ancient Chinese feudal society, the most typical embodiment, is that women wrap their feet. Everyone looks at this picture, women's feet are seriously deformed, so why wrap small feet, because men like, and women can only cater to men's preferences, at the expense of their own body hurt.
The Three Principles, Five Constants, Three Virtues, and Four Virtues are like shackles, binding everyone except the emperor. Under the ravages of this thought, everyone becomes distorted, and everyone becomes a freak from birth. On the one hand, they are the objects of damage, on the other hand, if they seize the opportunity, they will become tools for the royal persecution of others, and society will become a society of cannibalism.
It is precisely because feudal etiquette comes from Confucianism. Therefore, later some people will propose to reach Confucianism, and approve the forest and approve the hole. But in fact, these are far from Confucius's original intentions. Later generations of Confucianism were nothing more than a tool by which feudal imperial power managed and ate people. It is also a sad one in itself.
What makes people feel desperate is that not only is Xianglin Sister-in-law a victim of feudal etiquette, but all the people in LuZhen, who symbolize all our Chinese, are also the targets of the cruelty of feudal thought. They killed one "Xianglin concubine" after another, including themselves.
What makes people even more desperate is that these cannibalistic ideas will not perish with the demise of feudal society, but will change with the changes of the times. On the contrary, it has changed into more gorgeous costumes and continues to flaunt the market in the human world, harming batch after batch of "Xianglin sisters-in-law", and there will also be groups of "LuZhen" people, willingly and even voluntarily acting as tools to harm people.
Speaking of this, we can find that the so-called feudal etiquette has actually penetrated the hearts of the people and become a part of the human nature of the Chinese. Therefore, what really harms people is not so much the feudal ritual of eating people, but rather the dark side of human nature.