Receiving the notice of the Provincial Documentary Literature Society, starting from Xingyi, the navigation showed that the whole journey to xindian Town, Qingzhen City, the destination, was Highway 355, which took four hours. When we approached Xindian Town and the navigation prompt took only twenty minutes to reach our destination, the car quickly left the highway and quickly drove into the undulating and rotating mountain road, and after a few rushes, it suddenly drove to a steep intersection under the cliff outside the car. Taken aback, I quickly reduced the speed of the car to a minimum, and looked out of the window, and a huge sinkhole that I had never seen before in my life appeared in front of me! I have the impression that the sinkhole or canyon, the Maling River Grand Canyon in Xingyi, and the Rain Supplement Lu Sinkhole have opened my eyes, and this Duck Pond River Grand Canyon with both canyon and sinkhole characteristics, no matter how deep and high, I don't know how many times these two are! Looking at the opposite side, the opposite mountain is across the river from the mountain we are in, and the body of the people is looking up to the sky and the earth, looking down, majestic to the clouds. The outside world is tightly isolated by them. In a narrow gorge formed by the two mountains, the Wu River – known in this section as the Yachi River – flows day and night in the middle of the gorge. All the villages in Xindian Town, which we are about to enter, are located in different locations on the mountainsides and depressions within this Grand Canyon.
My heart "popped" and my feet trembled a little. Looking down the mountain as if hanging on a wall, turning sharply, steep bumps, winding roads, people who have never driven on it, anyone who has never been on it, anyone will suddenly tense up.
We slowed down and walked down the slope as we spun around, and as we descended, we could see villages, streets, or scattered houses and courtyards at each different altitude. The car kept turning left and right, and we drove for ten minutes into the town government on the riverbank. It belongs to the part of the office building of the Ninth Bureau of Hydropower.
From the mouth of the valley to the bottom of the valley, the gap between the big mountain gorge and the valley should be more than 1,000 meters. The two great mountains completely and completely cut off the outside world behind the body. There are villages, towns, schools, streets, restaurants, shops dotted around in the canyon, each in its own place, which can be described as a complete set of facilities and places needed for human production and life, which are stretched out and full of vitality. Suddenly, I felt like I had come to a completely strange and familiar world. The mountain where we are located belongs to Xindian Town, Qingzhen City, which is under the jurisdiction of the provincial capital Guiyang City. The mountain on the other side of the bridge is under the jurisdiction of Bijie City, which is the jurisdiction of Daguan Town, Qianxi City.
What I call this trip "trace" is from the Guizhou Provincial Documentary Literature Society after the list of styles, selected by everyone, what I did not expect is that with the Qing Dynasty Zhongxing famous minister, known as the father of China's modern heavy industry Zhang Zhidong has a deep origin of guo chaofan name, so I did not hesitate to choose this topic.
Zhang Zhidong is known as "Zhang Xiangshuai", his ancestral home is directly subordinate to {present-day Hebei} Nanpi, born in the seventeenth year of Daoguang {1837}, born in the then Xingyi Province of Guizhou! He was a famous minister of the late Qing Dynasty and a representative of the Qing Dynasty's Western affairs faction. Together with Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, and Zuo Zongtang, he was known as the "Four Famous Ministers of Late Qing Dynasty Zhongxing", the third rank of Zeng Zhongjinshi, and the later official of The Renge University. Politically, he advocated that "the middle school is the body, and the Western learning is used", and a large number of military and civilian industries were established. He also founded schools such as ziqiang xuetang (the predecessor of today's Wuhan University) and Sanjiang Normal School (the predecessor of today's Nanjing University). He died in 1909 under the courtesy name "Wenxiang". He received enlightenment earlier, and the enlightenment teacher was Guo Chaofan, who walked out of the Yachi River. At that time, the xingyi fu was ruled in present-day Anlong County, Guizhou. The administrative jurisdiction of Xingyi Province was roughly the same as that of present-day Qianxian Prefecture. As a result, I formed a special connection with these two historical figures because of The Xingyi in guizhou and the southwest of Guizhou.
After eating, we set off from the town government located in Dongfeng Avenue, Xujiagou Village, to Bee Ziyan Village. The car sets off from the belly of the mountain and climbs towards the road. After coming to the high mountain pass, I turned around in the nest and soon came to the village of BeeZiyan. Waiting until I got out of the car, the guide told me that our small trip was to find Guo Chaofan's birthplace.
We parked our car in the village committee courtyard dam opposite the village. When we got out of the car and looked up, the few peaks on which the village leaned were all dyed yellow or red. The village is not large, but the houses show a gradual climbing trend from low to high. The mountains are not large, but they are lush with trees, giving people an atmosphere of peace and tranquility. It is said that there are several theories about the origin of the name of Bee Rock, and there is no consensus. One is to say that it is named because of the abundance of wild peaks; the other is to say that it is named because of the wings of the peaks; and the other is that it is named because several independent small peaks resemble a word for "wind".
During the conversation, we walked to a courtyard at the foot of the mountain behind the half-slope, the old house is a wooden shingle structure, full of old age, wind and rain erosion, black and autumn. Standing tens of square meters of bluestone paved vicissitudes courtyard dam, after the courtyard dam is a five-step staircase into the eaves. Entering the courtyard is a fifteen-step staircase, which contains the number five, which contains the ninety-five, which was most respected by the ancients. "Ninety-five, high and not proud, humble and virtuous."
Two large wooden pillars on either side of the lower courtyard nest of the old eaves are placed on two strangely shaped stone pillars, which contrast with a carved stone drum-shaped pillar. According to research, there were originally five buildings around the former residence, surrounded by a tall wall, the main gate is the gate tower high lobby emperor, and the gate tower is surrounded by a stone wall.
Adjacent to the Bee Rock, at the back hill of the old Banzhai village, there is a towering Guo's stone watchtower, a total of four floors, about 20 meters high to the roof ridge. The watchtowers are tall and majestic, with solid walls, resembling an ancient castle. The building is made of large stone blocks, the roof is covered with small green tiles, and there are many bluestone slabs paved stone steps in front and on the sides. On the head of the gate of the watchtower is inlaid with a painting of The Link, the upper link is "MianshiZe Moru Jide", the lower link is "Zhenjia Sound or Reading", and the horizontal batch is "Qi Zhi".
It is not difficult to see that more than tens of hundreds of years ago, the owners of these houses, watchtowers, and courtyards and dams should have been rich and prominent. At this time, it is said that this is the famous ancient and modern Zhang Zhidong enlightenment teacher, and later the official to the Guangzhou prefect of the full reading of the people, there is a famous Confucian, anti-British hero Guo Chaofan's clothing compatriots, people will no longer be shocked.
Guo Chaofan (1799-1858), also known as Xiwen (Chinese: Chinese: 郭超芳; pinyin: 1799-1858), was one of the "Three Sages of QingZhen" in the late Qing Dynasty along with Zhang Risheng and Huang Zhuoyuan, and was a national hero of the Anti-British Resistance. According to the "Genealogy of the Guo Clan", the Guo clan was originally from Xinzhou, Shanxi, and its ancestor Guo Bin was promoted from Baihu to deputy Qianhu for his military merits, and in the fifteenth year of Ming Yongle (1417), he was promoted to Pingyuewei (present-day Fuquan County) in Guizhou. After Guo's entry into Qian, from the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1622) to March of the third year of Chongzhen (1630), the "Rebellion of Luxury" broke out, and the war spread to the four provinces of Yun, Gui, Sichuan, and Qian. After the rebellion was put down, in order to rebel against Tusi in Tongxi (present-day Dafang), Ming Chongzhen set up Zhenxiwei (present-day Qingzhen Shiwei Town) for three years, with four thousand households under the jurisdiction of Wuwei (present-day Gangou, Zhanjie Town), Hesheng (present-day Xindian Town Tea Shop), Dingnan (present-day Puding County), and Rouyuan (present-day Qibo Town, Pingba District). Guo Weiyuan, the ancestor of the Guo clan, was commanded by Pingyue Wei to dispatch Zhenxiwei and served as the first zhenxiwei commander. Guo Weiyuan "received his family and came to the office, so his family was in Zhenxiwei", and as a result, the Guo clan gave birth and multiplied in the zhenxiwei area.
On August 20, the fourth year of Qing Jiaqing (1799), Guo Chaofan was born. He was brilliant from an early age, and at the age of fifteen he had read through the Thirteen Classics and the Books of the History of the Sons. It is rumored that he has no books and no readings, and his eyes are double-lined. Leisure time to travel with people, sleep when sleeping, silent reading poetry books. When writing the article, although there is a clamor of drum music, it is ignored. Later, in the fourth grade (now Youshi Village, Liwu Town), the scholar Xu Guangwen studied under the door, Xu Guangwen was quite talented, and whenever he examined the test, Guo Chaofan often ranked first. Xu Guangwen's rules were extremely strict, and his disciples were not allowed to read his books privately, and once Guo Chaofan was occasionally criticized by Jin Sheng, and he was so happy that he hid in the granary to read, because he was so happy that he could recite it in only half a day. At the age of seventeen, Xu Guangwen repeatedly criticized extraordinary poetry, admired it very much, and considered it extraordinary, so he named it "Extraordinary". For the "extraordinary" one, Guo Chaofan once explained: "Fan Shao took the boy's test with the elders of the honor, and the honorable elder (that is, his master Xu Guangwen) named the extraordinary, that is, the subject was to enter the study, and after realizing his wrongdoing, he repeatedly wanted to ask for more fruitlessness." Spinning the township recommendation, still wanting to ask for more in the ministry, and did not give the fee, but also did not succeed. Sui Chengjinshi, because his name has been revealed, is inconvenient to change. ”
Guo Chaofan was raised in the fifth year of Daoguang (1825), and in the fifteenth year (1835), he was a member of the Third Division. In the spring of the sixteenth year (1836), he was elected as a professor of Xingyifu who was both an official and a teacher, thus forming an indissoluble relationship with Xingyifu and Zhang Zhidong, which is also a good story in history. Zhang Zhidong was born the year after Guo Chaofan went to Xingyi Province to serve, and due to his talent, he learned to speak with ordinary children earlier. Guo Chaofan was both a subordinate of Zhang Ying and was quite appreciated by Zhang Ying, and Zhang Zhidong was a toddler, so Zhang Ying handed him over to Guo Chaofan, so that he could enlighten and teach him anytime and anywhere. Because Guo Chaofan learned to be rich in five cars, only eight buckets high, and spared no effort to teach it, zhang Zhidong, who was brilliant and outstanding, thus gained the essence of Guo Chaofan, laying the foundation for the future world-famous talents. When Guo Chaofan arrived, the old test courtyard house in Xingyi Province was in disrepair, dilapidated, and even could not protect itself from the wind and rain, and the seat number was only more than five hundred people. In this regard, Guo Chaofan tried his best to persuade the prefect, that is, Zhang Ying, the father of Zhang Zhidong, to find another place in the city to build a test house, and he worked tirelessly to supervise the construction site every day. The new test hospital is fully equipped with a seat number of more than 1,200 people. In the six years of Professor Ren Xingyi, Guo Chaofan has made remarkable achievements in the construction of the academy, nurturing talents, and actively participating in education. Jing Qijun and Zhang Zhidong were both students trained under Guo Chaofan, and later became prominent figures in Chinese politics. Jing Qijun (景奇浚), a jinshi in the second year of Xianfeng (1852), was a squire of the Ministry of Ceremonies and a cabinet scholar. Zhang Zhidong was a representative figure of the Western Affairs Movement, a "famous minister of Zhongxing", an official to the governor of Huguang, a scholar of Tirenge University, and a minister of military aircraft.
Since the sixteenth year of Daoguang (1836), Guo Chaofan began to enter the shi, in addition to the six years of professors in Xingyi Province, Guo Chaofan was promoted to Raoping Zhi County in Guangdong, and later changed to Dongguan, Xiangshan and other counties Zhi County, and later served as the prefect of Guangzhou, and his career was in Guangdong all his life. Everywhere he went, he was upright, just, and fearless of power, and he was deeply loved by the people.
When he was young, Guo Chaofan studied with his grandfather Guo Zhenyuan, who supervised him strictly. When Guo Zhenyuan was dying, he once told Chaofan: "I raised you, thanks to the blessing of my ancestors, you are fortunate to become famous, and you have to serve in this position. I know that it is not easy to be a state and county, and it is more difficult to be a clean official, and it is humiliating to abuse one's power. I want you to be a poor and honest official, and I don't want you to be rich and dangerous. Guo Chaofan remembered his grandfather's testament and took honesty and prudence as his official motto. His son Guo Zhongyi was appointed as an official in Yunnan, and he also had his father's legacy, which was really admirable.
In the twenty-third year of Daoguang (1843), Guo Chaofan was appointed to Raopingzhi County and Lidapu County in Guangdong. The area is surrounded by the sea, and there are often pirates who kidnap and redeem them. Extraordinary design to kill the pirate leader "Heavenly Prince", the people began to live in peace. Raoping County has large clans in Magang, Yixi, Fushan and other places, and they have often gathered crowds to fight for paddy fields. Guo Chaofan can distinguish between right and wrong, erect stone monuments to determine the boundary, so that more than 100 backlogs of cases over the years can be frozen. Bad people traced, social stability, the people called it "Guo Qingtian". When Rao ping was transferred away, the people stopped the governor of Liangguang, Qi Ying, and begged to leave ChaoFan. After his departure from office, the people of Raoping built a "Monument to the Politics of Thought and Virtue" for him, and the people who wept and sent them away endlessly.
In the twenty-sixth year of Daoguang (1846), Guo Chaofan was transferred to Dongguan Zhixian County, and nearly 10,000 children participated in the county examination in Dongguan every time, and the admission ranking was determined according to the amount of money paid. The first place must pay thousands of taels of silver, the second class also has to pay hundreds of taels of silver, and some are admitted at the request of the local gentry, and there are really talented and practical scholars who come from poor families, and their careers are thus blocked. This habit has been around for a long time and is difficult to correct. Guo Chaofan painfully felt that the county test atmosphere was corrupt and the trend of bribery prevailed, causing the hero to have no way out and Hao Jie to be discouraged, so he vigorously rectified the bad rules of the test site, regardless of dangers and obstacles, resolutely rectified the rules of the test field, put an end to impersonation of the examination, and all were selected by article. Half of the talents admitted after rectification came from poor families. For example, Liang Yao, who later studied politics in Sichuan and Shandong, and Pan Yan, a cabinet scholar, were all selected talents at that time.
In the 27th year of Daoguang (1847), Guo Chaofan was listed as "Outstanding", and the following year he was transferred to Zhi County, Xiangshan (present-day Zhongshan City), where he was deeply admired by the people for his impartial law enforcement and fearlessness of power. At that time, the county gentry Zeng Wangyan was a scholar to be lectured in the imperial court, and when Ding You (the death of Ben's parents) returned to his hometown, he occupied the people's land and was accused by the common people. When Guo Chaofan was summoned, Zeng Wangyan, who had praised the Daoguang Emperor for "speaking out in case of trouble", took a large car to the Yamen, full of pride and arrogance. Guo Chaofan was courteous and courteous, convincing people with reason and persuading him to abandon the forcibly occupied mintian. Zeng not only did not listen, but complained upwards. Guo Chaofan was not afraid of power, and also appealed to the above, asking for personnel to investigate. As a result of the investigation, Zeng looked forward to Yan's loss, so he entrusted someone to intercede with Guo Chaofan. Chao Fan replied, "How many people who know the way of being an official, which one is willing to offend the powerful and powerful, but I can't bend the law because of this." "Enforced the law impartially, and judged and decisively returned the fields to the people.
Macao under the jurisdiction of Xiangshan County is the key point for foreign businessmen to enter Guangdong, and it is often troublesome if it is slightly improperly managed. In the twenty-second year of Daoguang (1842), after the signing of the Treaty of Nanking, which humiliated the country, the British were even more imposing in the local area. The consul in Macau, Amal, had been cut off by a shell when he invaded Guangdong before. In the coastal area, it dug up the graves and fields of the people, and repaired the racecourse and set up gambling. At one of the shows, the racecourse was crowded and the curtain was crowded, and Amal was desperate to gallop his horse. Suddenly, a warrior rushed out of the crowd and jumped into a knife, and Amal's head landed on the ground. The warrior carried the head of the Yamale into the sea by boat, and the British army could not search, that is, sent troops to besiege the front mountain. Upon hearing the news, Guo Chaofan led his troops to qianshan City overnight to hold firm, and dispatched the assistance of nearby militia groups to ask the province to send reinforcements. At dawn, the British stepped up their attack, and the bullets rained down. The two armies fought fiercely, Xiangshan Xieye Changchun and others were greedy and wanted to flee, Guo Chaofan scolded loudly, killed a person who did not obey the order, the group was determined, and struggled to defend; when the reinforcements arrived, Chaofan commanded out of the city to attack the enemy. In the twelve days of this battle, seven battles were fought, killing and wounding many British troops, and the former mountain was finally lifted. At this point, the British army was horrified, and it was terrifying to know that it was extraordinary and terrible. Guo Chaofan's national self-esteem is extremely strong, and there are many shining points in his life, but the biggest is the resistance to foreign insults, and the people praise him for raising his eyebrows for the nation.
In the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Chaofan was promoted to prefect of Guangzhou. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the British launched the Second Opium War under the pretext of the "Yaluo" incident, and on October 23, they launched a sudden attack on Guangzhou, drove their warships into the provincial river, shelled Zhuhai and Liede Forts, and directly approached the provincial capital. After the British occupied the fort, they burned the houses along the river on the south bank of the province, and shelled the city of Guangzhou, and the shells broke the huge banyan tree in the west garden of the prefect's Yamen, destroying the houses and offices. In the face of a strong enemy, Chao Fan had no fear, led the army and the people to rise up to resist, personally commanded the front day and night, sent people from both sides of the provincial river to plague the enemy, and fought against the British army for more than a month. Due to Guo Chaofan's good command, the casualties of the military and civilians in Guangzhou were not more than a few dozen, while the British army died more than a thousand. Finally, the British had no choice but to withdraw from the provincial river at the end of December. The local society was able to be peaceful, and he was known as "the first person in China to resist the British". Liu Tsui praised him as a "famous Confucian" and a "famous general".
In September of the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), Guo Chaofan was dismissed due to illness and recuperated at Xiaoma Station. Ye Mingchen, the governor of Liangguang, personally issued rectification instructions to the regiments, and also publicly issued a notice to reward the British soldiers. At this critical juncture, the Guangdong governor Bai Gui and the general of Guangzhou turned around and became traitors, and under the strong attack of the Anglo-French forces, Guangzhou fell on December 9 of the following year, and Ye Mingchen was captured. During the illness, when he learned of this news, Guo Chaofan, who was lying in bed at the pony station to recuperate, was heartbroken and sighed bitterly: "Unexpectedly, as soon as I left my post, the foreign abuse was strong and fierce, and it reached such a point." hateful! hateful! Then fainted.
After waking up, Guo Chaofan said to his family: "I am deeply ashamed of being an alliance with the foreigners under the city, and I am ashamed to deal with the foreigners. When the new governor arrived, he pleaded to retire and return to his hometown. After finishing his words, Chao Fan reluctantly got up, sorted out the documents, checked the packing, and prepared to return to his hometown.
Previously, the imperial court had decreed that officials below the provincial level who could entrust them with important duties should be recommended by the provinces. At that time, there were those in the Guangdong officialdom who tried their best to recommend Guo Chaofan, and there were also those who were jealous of his talents and undermined the sponsors. After Ye Mingchen was captured, the new governor of Guangdong, Huang Zonghan, Qincha Luo Jiaosheng, Su Gengtang, and others all hoped that Guo Chaofan would recover as soon as possible and planned to promote heavy use. Unfortunately, the country was in a decadent state, and although Guo Chaofan felt the invasion of foreign insults and had the heart of loyalty to the country, he finally could not wait for the day when he could not get his ambition rewarded, and died of depression on May 30, the eighth year of Xianfeng (1858), at the age of 59.
After Guo Chaofan's death, the Qing court gave him the title of "Tai Shu Qing". He also allowed Kanhe to return to his hometown and enter the city to treat the funeral. Guo Chaofan's dependents supported the coffin Huiqian and buried him in the sun of the Present-day Zilin Nunnery in Guiyang, and the tomb site is now unverifiable.
This "generation of famous Confucians" and "generations of famous generals" who went out from the "hometown of culture and martial arts" on the banks of the Yachi River, because the villain was jealous of xianxian and ability, could not show his talents, and died of depression and poverty. This is the historical tragedy caused by the villains of that era, and it is also the loss of the country and the nation!
With the help of the on-site visits and the written materials provided by various parties, I carefully sorted out and sorted out Guo Chaofan's life deeds, and my mood gradually became extremely excited and heavy. I walked out of the courtyard of the Xindian Town Government Office Building and slowly walked toward the Yachi River, all the way to the factory building, courtyard, cinema, stadium, and the immortal Dongfeng Power Plant that once belonged to the Ninth Bureau of Water and Electricity, and the two bridges made of steel casting and supplemented by steel components across the banks of the Yachi River. In the 1980s, this place was once known as "Little Hong Kong", and it was the Ninth National Hydropower Bureau that stirred up this land and prospered for a while, and it was the State Ninth Hydropower Bureau that built factories and building houses, barraged rivers and dams, stored water for power generation, and vigorously dried up hydropower undertakings. In January 1936, the Red Army He Long, Xiao Ke, Wang Zhen and others led the Red Second and Sixth Armies into Guizhou Qiangdu Wujiang to go north through the northwest of Qianxi, and there was also a tense and intense and gripping story! And this story, like other wonderful chapters, has been passed down in this land, and its spirit will be passed on from generation to generation! It is said that before the completion of the Bijie Highway in Qingzhen in 1958, there were no people on both sides of the Yachi River with deep cliffs and rapid water. It was not until the start of large-scale highway projects that people came to open hotels and hotels one after another. Fast forward a few decades, although its heyday has passed, today, there is still no shortage of people, people are noisy, and the traffic is busy. The flat ground of the bridge is connected with the bridge road, and walking here is to walk in the bustling streets of a bustling county! Listening to the sound of the rushing water of the Duck Pond River day and night, looking at the distance is not far, the old one has long been abandoned, the new two bridges are flowing endlessly, the hook of the years sinks into the bottom of the heart, and the beauty of the future is coming. Needless to say, the replacement of old and new inevitably makes people feel a little sentimental, but the emerging exuberance is more infinitely pleasant and hopeful. The mighty Yachi River will surely bear witness, and history will surely remember every outstanding son and daughter of China, engrave their names on the Chinese heroes, and erect one eternal monument after another in the hearts of generations of people!