<h1>Lead</h1>
At this point in time in the Song Dynasty, Confucianism has a new development, and the curiosity of the culture that is constantly emerging, the enthusiasm for the new civilization, has been amplified and expanded in this dynasty.
Out of a search for culture, a study of ancient classics, and a discussion of social rationality at that time, batches of scholars emerged, and one academic school after another differentiated, they continued to make progress and develop in debate, and they constantly thought in debate.
Among so many schools, science and psychology have a very far-reaching influence, and in these two schools, there are two representative figures that have to be mentioned, that is, Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, who have left their own achievements in the development of science and psychology respectively, and have lit up the way for the next development of thought.
Zhu Xi is a figure that many scholars cannot avoid when discussing the development of science in the Two Song Dynasties, and his ideas are also the focus of the tireless research of modern scholars.
Quan Zuwang once said: "Zhu Zi is vast, subtle, and comprehensive for hundreds of generations." ”
From this scholar's evaluation of Zhu Zi, we can see how magnificent the cultural and ideological world established by Zhu Zi is, and how profound Zhu Zi's learning is. Whether it is for the science of the Northern Song Dynasty, or for the entire Song Dynasty, or for the Confucianism of the Han and Tang Dynasties, Zhu Zi's thought is enlightening.
So what does his learning look like? How to understand the spiritual world of this academic master? One person had to say that it was Lu Jiuyuan, who was also involved in this debate.
The meeting between the two in 1175 was a very important event in the confrontation between science and psychology, and the initiators of this academic controversy were Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan. In that era, both the government and the people highly respected Zhu Xi's thought. However, the kind of inner inquiry represented by Lu Jiuyuan, who gradually developed in the later stages, also caused a lot of controversy.
The schools of scholarship represented by the two of them are opposed, and in history the two have had many arguments, the most famous of which is the one we are discussing. Next, we will make an understanding of the two people's thoughts from this "Zhu Lu Dispute".
The process of communication and debate between these two people is very complicated, and in the three courses of debate, the differences in their thinking have been fully demonstrated, and the characteristics of different ideas have become more and more clear.
What are the three stages of this "ZhuLu controversy"? What is the content of the two people's thoughts? What kind of influence do they have? We can take a brief look at the next three famous debate events.
<h1>(1) The Goose Lake Meeting is the beginning of the debate and the beginning of the study of fundamental issues</h1>
As the representatives of the two major schools of scholarship, zhu Lu's two sons have great differences in their academic origins, and when they communicate, the basis of their argument is the ontological ideas on which they rely. From the very beginning, the ontological thinking of the two people is very different, because the paths of learning between the two are not the same, and their most obvious differences are reflected in the interpretation of "reason".
According to Mr. Chen Lai, Zhu Xi's theoretical thought is very complex, with many traces of the thoughts of his ancestors. On the one hand, he inherited the ontological ideas of Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, that is, "sex is reason." On the other hand, it inherits the cosmological existential ideas of Zhou Zi and Zhang Zi, making "Tianli" the highest and most primitive existence, and integrating the original different academic systems into one.
Therefore, Zhu Zi's "sex is reason" has two meanings, and the first content of its ontological thought is to show that heavenly reason is the fundamental basis for people to produce various behaviors, and it is also the reason for the existence of all things. Every thing must have its own reason, whether it is an object or a person, they all have an essential thing, and this most essential thing is heavenly reason.
(Portrait of Zhu Xi)
On the other hand, "sex is reason" from the aspect of exploring the nature of man, so as to explore the laws of the entire universe. There is a most universal thing behind all things, then the natural universe is one, there is a universal law. Zhu Xi's thought shows that man and the universe are universally consistent and are a holistic existence.
Lu Jiuyuan's ontological thought was not so difficult to understand compared to Zhu Xi. In this debate, Lu Jiuyuan did not mention so many complicated presuppositions at all, nor did he presuppose so many explanations for his own thoughts. In the mind of this mind student, what he cares about and pays attention to is the original mind of man, that is, "the heart is the reason."
Lu Jiuyuan regards people as very important, and he believes that there are natural moral laws in people's hearts, and that this moral heart is not given to man by the universe, nor is it affected by external conditions to obtain moral principles.
It is precisely because people have moral laws in their hearts that this social order that we recognize has arisen in society, and for the interpretation of the real world, Lu Jiuyuan's idea is very simple, that is, to follow the original heart.
The Goose Lake Meeting gave the two academics a platform for communication, and in their arguments, future generations could have a basic understanding and distinction between the two people's ideas, and their evaluation of each other was also very interesting. Lü Zuqian made a very exquisite description of this debate in the book, which roughly means that Zhu Xi's thought is very complex and very difficult to understand.
This is because Zhu Xi's thought is the result of his own extensive exposition, a conclusion obtained from summing up the thoughts of many people. And Lu Jiuyuan's thoughts did not borrow from it, and some of the achievements of so many people were only based on their own hearts. This also caused Zhu Xi's criticism of Lu Jiuyuan's ideas to be too simple, and Lu Jiuyuan's criticism of Zhu Xi's ideas to be too fragmented.
The debate of the Goose Lake Meeting made the relationship between the two people very stiff, and the two people at this time were very proud, and they were also very confident in their own research, and they were not willing to compromise and accept some of each other's theories, and the poems made by Lu Jiuyuan have also been passed down, that is, "Yi Jian Kung Fu has lasted for a long time, and his career has been floating and sinking."
<h1>(2) The fact that the ideological debate between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan tends to be relaxed reflects the fact that the two people's thinking has developed to another stage, and their attitude towards each other has also greatly improved</h1>
Many years had passed since the Meeting of Goose Lake, and Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan had never seen each other again or communicated. However, these two people, in secret, still have a lot of attention to some of each other's academic developments, and understand their academic process through some common friends.
There is one person who has greatly eased the relationship between the two, that is, Lu Jiuyuan's brother Lu Zishou. In this place of Lead Mountain, Lu Zishou met Zhu Xi, who had been hit hard in the official arena. At this time, Zhu Xi was very frustrated and his health was not very good, so he chose this place for cultivation, and when he saw his friends again, his heart was also very happy.
Zhu Xi made a special poem for the meeting between the two people to express his respect for Lu Jiuyuan, and took the initiative to invite the brother of the opponent who had debated to come to the house as a guest and go boating together, which fully reflected Zhu Xi's attitude.
In the face of the controversy at the Goose Lake Meeting three years ago, Zhu Xi no longer had a very tough attitude against the opponent's ideas as before, but had a new thinking about that debate and a new attitude towards Lu Jiuyuan.
In addition to adhering to his own theoretical thoughts, he also paid attention to the heart advocated by Lu Xiangshan, and for ideas that were different from his own, Zhu Xi had thoughts and reflections, and incorporated them into one aspect of his own science.
Zhu Xi's attitude reflects the tolerance of this group of literati in the Song Dynasty for culture. On the one hand, these literati have their own pride and have a very great faith in the ideas they have always adhered to, and on the other hand, when facing some disputes, they can also carry out some rational thinking and integrate with their own thoughts.
It is also because of this meeting that Lu Jiuyuan will have the opportunity to give lectures in the next academic confrontation and conduct a deeper cultural exchange.
<h1>(3) The Nankang reunion is the third academic confrontation between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, representing the difference in learning paths and values of the two people's "dignity" and "Taoism"</h1>
Zhu Xi's attitude in this debate is more gentle and more tolerant. Zhu Xi took the initiative to invite Lu Jiuyuan to his academy to give a lecture on "the discernment of righteousness and profit" at the White Deer Cave Academy.
Lu Jiuyuan's eloquence is very good, and after many years of thinking, he has a deeper understanding of human nature and puts forward the values and pursuits that individuals should have. In his value identity, virtue is very respectful, and he advocates the first to establish the great one and invent the original mind.
In Lu Jiuyuan's debate of righteousness and profit, the first thing he pointed out was the foundation of man's existence in this world, and the most important thing in this heart was the existence of ideals. In Lu Jiuyuan, there is a person's ambition that represents a person's forward direction, which represents that person's attitude towards external things.
Lu Jiuyuan then mentioned the "peeling" kung fu, that is to say, in the face of external influences, blind acceptance will only make our thoughts more and more chaotic, so that when making choices, we cannot follow our inner thoughts, we cannot be rational, and our original intention must be adhered to.
After experiencing this argument with Lu Jiuyuan, when Faced with the contradiction between reason and virtue, Zhu Xi no longer cared only about learning as he had originally appeared, and thus abandoned cultivation. Zhu Zi advocated that in the process of learning the Tao, he could fully embody the kind of initiative of people and constantly deepen his own value shaping and cultivation.
<h1>epilogue</h1>
The influence of the thoughts of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan was very great, and their differences also represented the differences in the development of Confucianism at that time. It is precisely because of the existence of this unique idea that they can play a role in science and psychology, and make a good preparation for the academic development after the Song Dynasty.
That is because these two people have a pursuit of thought, a reflection on learning, and a responsibility to the world, so that their arguments become more meaningful and their arguments are full of light.
bibliography:
Chen Lai's "Song Ming Theory"
Zhu Xi "Zhu Zi Language Class"
Lu Jiuyuan "Lu Jiuyuan Collection"