Jingnan, also known as Northern Chu or Nanping, is small but fat.
One of the Nine Southern Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties period, it was a regional separatist regime established by Gao Jixing. Since Gao Jixing served as the envoy of Jingnan Jiedushi, after four generations and five marshals, he pursued the self-protection strategy of tribute to the Central Plains Dynasty and good-neighborliness and friendship, and worked hard to develop the economy and build military defenses, so that Jingnan, the smallest political power in the south, continued until the first year of Qiande before surrendering to the Song Dynasty, which lasted 57 years, which can also be regarded as a long country.
China has a long history and a long history of culture.
In the long historical years, this land has undergone many dynastic changes, and it will be united for a long time, and it will be divided for a long time and eventually form the territory of today. In the process of historical development, each dynasty has its own characteristics, strong as the Tang Dynasty, conservative as the Qing Dynasty, weak as the Song Dynasty, and tyrannical as the Yuan Dynasty. Of course, there are also some more bizarre separatist regimes, which rely on stealing and slipping left and right to stay firm, and this is the Nanping Kingdom.
Gao Jixing (858–929 CE), king of Wuxin of Nanping, was a native of Xiashi, Shaanzhou (present-day Sanmenxia, Henan), and the founding monarch of Nanping.
Gao Jixing
Gao Jixing's starting point was very low, and in his early years he was only a domestic slave of Zhu Wen's righteous son Zhu Yourang, and later under Zhu Wen's arrangement, he was adopted by Zhu Youran as a righteous son and became Zhu Wen's close attendant. Later, because of the merit of breaking Fengxiang to save Tang Zhaozong, he was awarded the title of "Yingluan Yi Brave Hero" and moved to the Song Prefecture, and Gao Jixing in this period began to move in peace. Later, he accompanied Zhu Wen to Pingqing Prefecture, and made outstanding military achievements, and he was promoted to the defense envoy of Yingzhou.
In 907, Zhu Wen declared himself emperor and the state name Liang, and appointed Gao Jixing as the envoy of Jingnan Jiedushi. At that time, the 10 prefectures under jingnan's jurisdiction were invaded by neighboring provinces, and only one city was Gangneung. After Gao Jixing arrived in office, he recruited exiles, gradually resumed the people's work, and took in some civilian and military officials as assistants, secretly preparing to divide the territory.
In 914, after The Later Tang destroyed Later Liang, Gao Jixing declared himself a vassal to the Later Tang and personally entered the hajj and was crowned the King of Bohai.
In 924, Emperor Zhuang of Later Tang made him the King of Nanping and established the capital Jingzhou (荆州, in modern Jingzhou District, Hubei), historically known as "Nanping". It was also named "Jingnan" by FangZhen, which was called by later generations. The capital of Nanping was Jingzhou, which governed the three prefectures of Jingzhou, Gui (present-day Zigui, Hubei), and Xia (present-day Yichang, Hubei), and was a small country. The most important thing is that its geographical location is still relatively awkward, in the middle of the position, and it needs to worry about the destruction of the country all the time.
Jingnan Army
During Gao Jixing's reign, the southern states needed to pay tribute to the Later Liang Dynasty every year, and Nanping became a must-visit place. Gao Jixing always pretended to be warm and entertained, and then intercepted his belongings. According to the History of the Song Dynasty, "He often invited his emissaries to keep them and plundered their belongings." But when everyone began to condemn him and prepare to send troops to attack him, he began to confess his guilt and pay back the money, without hesitation and without any concern in his heart. In this regard, the history books introduce it as follows: "The dao rebukes them with books, or sends troops to increase their grievances, that is, they are restored without shame."
Gao Jixing not only robbed the tribute, but also directly robbed The Later Tang. When the Later Tang became strong, they destroyed the Former Shu state and took away their treasury, gold, silver, jewelry, etc. and shipped them to Bieliang. These riches needed to pass through Nanping by waterway, and Gao Jixing was naturally the same as before, and he did not rob it politely at all. Most coincidentally, Li Cunmao happened to be killed in the mutiny, and Later Tang fell into chaos, so Gao Jixing was able to appropriate this wealth for himself.
In 926, Gao Jixing intercepted Shu land and entered the tribute to the dynasty, and then moved backwards to Tang Suodi in a vain attempt to expand the territory. Later, Emperor Mingzong of Tang deposed Gao Jixing and sent troops to requisition. Gao Jixing was defeated, and his jurisdiction was increasing, so he declared himself a vassal to Southern Wu and was given the title of King of Qin.
The Gao clan called the emperors and the kingdoms to the north and south, and the above table was called subjects, in order to obtain rewards and maintain commercial exchanges, because they were regarded as "gao laizi" by the states.
Five generations and ten kingdoms
In 929, Gao Jixing fell ill and died, and his son Gao Congzhi succeeded to the throne and re-declared himself a vassal of Later Tang, so Later Tang posthumously made Gao Jixing the King of Chu, with the posthumous title of Wuxin.
After Gao Jixing's son Gao Congjie succeeded to the throne, the national strength of the Nanping State was still very weak, and he knew that he did not have the ability to compete with the big powers, so he began to pretend to be a grandson. In order to save his life, when a great power was born, Gao Congzhi would call himself a vassal to the other side, such as the Southern Han, Min, Later Shu, Chu, southern Tang, and so on. Of course, in this process, Gao Congzhi still gained, and he received a lot of rewards.
Gao Congzhi's foreign policy, with "big things" as the core and supplemented by the principle of making good friends with neighbors, is indeed more rational and pragmatic than his father's policy, and it is also more flexible and open. The implementation of this policy has greatly lifted the cloud of war that has long hung over Jingnan, brought about a long period of peace and stability, and set a good tone for the continuation of the Jingnan regime. Gao Congzhi's successors did not hesitate to carry out their own strategies to protect their country. During the reigns of Gao Baorong, Gao Baoxun and Gao Jichong, they were much inferior to the previous two, and Jingnan showed a trend of decline. There are many reasons for this situation, the talent and intellect of the three lords after Jingnan are not as good as the first two lords, and in the later Zhou and early Song Dynasties, the Central Plains Dynasty became increasingly powerful, and the growth of the unification trend was also a key element. The inaction of Gao Baorong and others is inevitable if they are simply conservative. In general, during the reign of the Three Lords, when Gao Baorong was in power, Jingnan could barely function normally and orderly. Subsequently, the political situation in Jingnan deteriorated year by year.
Perhaps it is precisely because the kings of the Nanping Kingdom are too shameless and rogue and do not have much ability and ambition, so the Central Plains Dynasty did not pay attention to it when it advanced into the Central Plains. Therefore, nanpingguo survived in the chaotic world smoothly.
Jingnan regime
In February of the fourth year of Jianlong (963), the Song army surrendered to Jingnan by the way, Gao Jichong surrendered to Song, and Gao Shijingnan was removed. The Gao clan started as a rogue and became the first separatist regime to be eliminated by the Zhao and Song dynasties.