< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > character profile</h1>
Emperor Fumian (215–282), courtesy name Jing (静), courtesy name Shi'an ,, called himself Mr. Xuanyan (玄晏). A native of Chao County, Anding Commandery (present-day Chaona Town, Lingtai County, Pingliang City, Gansu Province). Scholar, physician and historian of the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasty, great-grandson of the famous Eastern Han Dynasty general Emperor Fusong. He devoted his life to writing, and then he suffered from wind paralysis and could not release the scroll. When Emperor Wu of Jin was tired, he borrowed books from his own table, and Emperor Wu gave him a cart of books. His book "Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Classic" is the first monograph on acupuncture in China. In fact, in addition, he also compiled books such as "The Century of Emperors of The Dynasties", "The Biography of Gao Shi", "The Biography of Yi Shi", "The Biography of Lienu", and "The Collection of Mr. Yuan Yan". It is well known in the history of medicine and literature. In the history of acupuncture, it occupies a high academic position and is known as the "originator of acupuncture". Zhi Yu, Zhang Rail, etc. are his protégés.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > main experience</h1>
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > famous</h1>
Emperor Fumian was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the sixth zu emperor Fuling was the general of Duliao, the fifth zu emperor fuqi was the Fufeng Du wei, and the fourth zu emperor fu festival was the Yanmen Taishou. Jie's younger brother Emperor Fugui was an all-rounder of literature and martial arts, and was then a famous general of An Qiang, an official to the General of Duliao, Shangshu, and fengshou Chengting Marquis, one of the Three Mings of Liangzhou. Great-grandfather Emperor Fu song was credited with suppressing the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and the official worshiped the general Zhengxi and the lieutenant. Later, the Huangfu clan gradually declined, but there was still no shortage of officials in the middle of the dynasty, and Emperor Fumi's grandfather, Emperor Fu Shuxian, served as a bully, and his father Emperor Fu Shuhou only held filial piety.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > decline</h1>
After the emperor lost his mother, the family road was further declined, and he passed on to his uncle, and at the age of fifteen moved with his uncle to Xin'an (present-day Hunchi), spending his childhood and adolescence in the chaos of war. Since childhood, he has been greedy and unaccustomed to self-improvement, and he has woven thorns as shields with village children, wielded sticks as spears, stabbed in formations, and froliced with soldiers. Year 20 (234 AD). Still wandering, still not easy to learn, people think they are stupid. Once, Mi donated the melon fruit to his uncle Ren, who said, "The Book of Filial Piety says, 'The cultivation of the three animals is like filial piety.'" Ru is in his twenties this year, and he has no eyes to teach, and his heart is not in the Tao, so why can he comfort me?" Because he sighed: "Xi Meng's mother migrated to Chengren three times, and his great-father cooked and taught." If I live in my neighbor' house, and if there is a gap in teaching, he is pure and even more so! Self-cultivation and self-discipline, self-realization, and what is with me. ("The Biography of the Emperor Fu of Jin") Because of the drooling of the right, Mi was very distressed, so he went to the hometown and entered xitan to receive the book.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > wrote</h1>
At the age of twenty-six (241 AD), he was crippled in the pre-Han Dynasty, and the Sui Bo case was passed down, and he wrote "Imperial Century" and "Almanac"; at the age of forty (254 AD), his uncle had a son and a crown, lost his stepmother, and returned to his hometown; at the age of forty-two (that is, 256 AD), he suffered from wind paralysis, studied medicine carefully, and began to write the "Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Classic"; at the age of forty-six (260 AD), he was already a famous scholar with a rising reputation. Sima Zhaozhao of Wei was recruited as an official, but did not shi, and composed the "Commentary on Interpretation and Persuasion", still playing with the classics, forgetting his sleep and food, and what people called it a book fornication; when he was fifty-one years old (267 AD), Emperor Wu of Jin continued to edict not Shi, and it is said that he went to Longmen Cave in Longxian County, Shaanxi Province, and Pingliang Kuntong Mountain to avoid the edict; at the age of fifty-three (269 AD), Emperor Wu frequently issued an edict to dun force, and Shangshu called himself a grassy minister, Naibu Shi; at the age of fifty-four (270 AD), he also held up a virtuous fangzheng, and he could not afford to borrow books from the emperor, and Emperor Wu sent books to the car; Sixty-year-old (277 AD) At the age of sixty-eight (282 AD), the Emperor's Acupuncture and Moxibustion Jia YiJing was published, and Emperor Fu died in Zhang Apopo, and his sons Tong Ling and Fang Hui, honoring their father Du Du's last instructions, chose a barren place, and buried him frugally in a barren place. The world calls it "Emperor Fuzuka".
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > works</h1>
The Jin Zhengshi Emperor Fu Mi Ji (Jin Zhengshi Huangfu Ming Collection) has two volumes, gaoshi chuan (高士傳) has six volumes, Yishi (逸士傳) (1 volume), Li nü (列女傳) (列女傳) in three volumes, the Imperial Century (emperor's century) in ten volumes, the Annual Calendar (6 volumes), and the Acupuncture and Moxibustion (Acupuncture A and B Sutra) in twelve volumes.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > academic content</h1>
He inherited the philosophical view of monism since the pre-Qin period, arguing that qi is the root of all life. He pointed out in the "Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Sutra": "The heaven is in our virtue, the earth is in our qi, and the moral flow is thin and born." The meaning of this passage is: the virtue of heaven, the qi of the earth, the combination of yin and yang, the formation of all things, that is to say, what the heavens give is the opportunity of birth, and what the qi gives is the material basis. Everything in nature is caused by the difference in the qi received. From the perspective of the four-hour climate, there are four qi of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and from a natural point of view, there are wind, rain, thunder, electricity and other gases, and gas is the most primitive material basis of all things in heaven and earth. As a part of nature, man is also made of qi. He said in the "Acupuncture and Moxibustion A B Sutra and the Five Viscera of the Spirit" that "the two essences fight each other and call the gods", and the essence of the two sexes combines to produce new life, and the new life also has the spirit correspondingly with the completion of the form. "Man has the five viscera and the five qi, and the joy, anger, sorrow, sorrow, and fear that arises." It can be seen that the mental state of man appears completely with the formation of material organs. After death, the form dies, and the spirit does not exist, and this is exactly the truth of "the essence of the form and the dispersion" ("Jin Shu Huangfu Mian Zhuan And Du Final Theory").
Huang Fumi also specifically elaborated on the emergence of dreams, not because the spirit can move independently from the body, but because of the stimulation of certain factors, or some emotional changes have not been eliminated, or because of the disease of physiological organs, etc., "so that people can not sleep and dream." (Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Sutra, vol. 6), as for the difference in dreams, it is due to different reasons for stimulation, or different sick organs, such as those with sick livers, often dream of anger, and if they eat too much before going to bed, they will dream of giving food to others. It accurately expresses materialist views such as material first, spirit second, and existence determining consciousness.
Huang Fumian not only recognized that the natural world is material, but also saw that everything developed and changed in the contradiction between yin and yang, which promoted the rise and fall of all things and the evolution and progress of social history. He said in the "Five Visceral Changes of the A and B Classics": "Therefore the yin and yang are always the same, the one who goes along with it is born, and the one who goes against it dies", therefore, everything in the world is a unity of contradictions, "one clear and one ambiguous, the generalization of the Tao; one relaxation and one piece, the party of etiquette; one floating and one sinking, and both its truth" ("Emperor Fu Mi , Interpretation and Persuasion"). It is also believed that the two sides of the contradiction of things are constantly changing, contributing to the development and progress of things. In the Commentary on Persuasion, he further elaborated on the view of the transformation of yin and yang: "It is based on the combination of cold and summer, and in the four generations, yin and yang are not cured, the transportation is infinite, the natural division is determined, and the two grams are in the middle." Yin and yang are constantly transforming, while at the same time restricting each other. Expresses naïve dialectical thought.
Therefore, the main reason why the emperor was tired of edicts was that he established a correct world outlook and outlook on life, and used the dialectical point of view to understand, analyze, and solve problems. Seeing the dangers of social unrest and political whirlpool, as it is said in the "Biography of the Book of Jin and Ruan": "At the time of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were many reasons in the world, and there were few famous people." "Therefore, they are unwilling to rise to the ranks of the powerful, to enter the career, and to join the ruling class." He believes that the change and replacement of dynasties indicates the progress of society, and the inevitable laws of these historical developments are irreversible, and decay and darkness are only the waves of reversal in social progress, which will eventually be washed away. Human activities must move with the times and respect the inevitable laws of historical development.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > clinical application</h1>
On the basis of summarizing and absorbing the essence of many classical medical works such as the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic, Su Qing, Acupuncture Sutra, and Mingtang Ji acupuncture points, the twelve-volume "Emperor Acupuncture and Moxibustion Sutra" has been scientifically classified and sorted out, which has erected a monument in the field of medicine. The book contains a total of 349 acupuncture point names, 189 more than the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic. The attribution and part of the acupuncture points were clarified, the names of the acupuncture points were unified, and the correct name and alias were distinguished. He introduced hundreds of diseases and acupuncture treatment experiences in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, and five palaces, and discussed and theoretically expounded the relationship between the five organs and the five senses, the relationship between the internal organs and the surface organs, the operation of jin fluid, the specimen of the disease, the false reality of diarrhea, the correspondence between heaven and man, the cooperation of yin and yang of the internal organs, the detection of diseases, mental state, and the influence of music on internal organs, laid the theoretical foundation of acupuncture disciplines, and made indelible contributions to the development of acupuncture and even the entire medical cause. Now acupuncture medicine has not only developed rapidly in China, but also has swept the world, and the World Health Organization has officially approved the acupuncture as a treatment specialty, which is welcomed by people everywhere.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > anecdotal allusion</h1>
The "Book of Jin, Emperor Fu Mi" once had a clear record of the place of origin of The Emperor Fu Mi: "Emperor Fu Mi, the character Shi An, the young name Jing, and the stable dynasty of that person." ”
According to Kao, the Book of Jin is the first chronicle of the Tang Dynasty's official revision, which was supervised by Fang Xuanling, Zhu Zhiliang, Xu Jingzong, and more than 20 others, including Li Chunfeng. Based on the original eighteen histories of Jin, based on the History of Jin by Zang Rongxu, with reference to the history of Jin and miscellaneous records of various families, it was cut and recorded, and it was created in the 20th year of Zhenguan, that is, in 646 AD, after two years. Although the "Book of Jin" has a wealth of historical materials, because the historians who wrote this book did not make a serious choice, they carefully evaluated and fully adopted it, and included some absurd talks about "Yulin", "Shishu Xinyu", "Search for God", and "Youminglu", so that their trade-offs were improper and the content was insufficient. However, due to the anshi rebellion, the history of the Jin Dynasty was completely lost, and only the Book of Jin compiled by the Tang Dynasty survived alone, and many historical materials could not be argued, confirmed, corrected and addendum, leaving many historical questions. For example, Emperor Fumian was a native of Anding Chaona County, and did not record the exact location of Chaona County at that time, and basically copied the geomorphological characteristics of Chaona County in the "Hanshu County Chronicle", leaving a dispute between the East and the West chaona for future generations, and leaving a historical mystery itself.
At the same time, the historical Chaona County, as a subordinate county of Anding County, continued from the beginning of the Third Year of the Western Han Dynasty to the Han and Jin Dynasties. However, during this period, the county site has been uncertain due to the influence of many factors such as war, administrative division, and population, and has been migrated from Pengyang in the present-day Guyuan at the beginning of the period to Shaanxi, Gansu and other places, leaving historical traces about Chaona County in many places in the northwest region, and leaving many questions. It has left many difficulties for the study of historiography, especially the study of local history, and its own factors have caused the chaotic situation in which you are competing for each other today.
In addition, as a historical celebrity, although huang Fumi was famous at that time, he was a cloth scholar after all, and many historical materials about him are few, so that our door cannot peek into the major historical and cultural activities of his life today, so it is difficult to understand his personal life experience. According to historical records, he successively moved to Xin'an (present-day Hunchi) in Henan, and then to the eastern capital Luoyang, where he wrote a preface to the famous scholar Zuo Si's "Three Capitals". In order to avoid the emperor's edict, he avoided the edict in present-day Longmendong, Longxian County, Shaanxi, and Pingliang Kuntong Mountain. Today, there is still a stone stele in Longmen Cave that reads "Emperor Fu's Place of Refuge", which records his historical traces of escaping from becoming an official. At the same time, as a famous doctor of a generation of acupuncture originators, he traveled to the vast areas around his hometown to see people, help poor people relieve their suffering, and sometimes live in one place for several years.
Therefore, many relics were left in Huating, Jingchuan, Pingliang, Longxian, Fufeng, Qianyang, Zhenyuan and other places in the area around present-day Lingtai. Huating County has Huangfu Mountain, and Jingchuan County has Huangfu First Class Ancient Place Names, marking the historical experience of his travels. Therefore, these complicated factors in history have caused us to have a dispute over the place of origin today, forming a historical unsolved case. But we believe that with the prosperity and deepening of its academic research, this historical suspense case will eventually be known.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > character evaluation</h1>
Sima Yan: The male emperor is quiet and quiet, keeps learning well, and is different from the customs.
Fang Xuanling et al. "Book of Jin" :(1) Emperor Fu Mi Su Walking In The Virginity, Idle Living and Recuperating, Merciful Pen Cutting, Dun Yue Qiu Tomb, Xuan Mian is not proud, poor and lowly are not ashamed, indeed do not pull out, Si Zhi Jin's high people! According to the "Du Finale" theory, the thin burial of Zhaojian, neither from the Ji clan, nor from the Wang Sun, can be described as an opportunity to survive. (2) The soldier is at ease and well-dwelled. It is elegant and elegant, and forgets the rank of honor. The legacy can be called, health care.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > influences of later generations</h1>
Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Sutra, ten volumes, 128 articles. The content includes internal organs, meridians, acupuncture points, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, etc. The book corrects the total number of acupuncture points at that time to 654 acupuncture points (including 48 single acupuncture points), describes the indications and contraindications of each acupuncture point, and explains various methods of operation. This is the earliest existing acupuncture monograph in China that integrates theory with practice and has great value, and is known as the "ancestor of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine", and has always been listed as one of the classical medical books that must be read in medicine. The Tang Dynasty physician Wang Tao commented that it was "a secret treasure of the healer, and it is advisable for the scholars to follow it." After the publication of this book, the Tang Dynasty Medical Bureau began to set up an acupuncture department and made it a compulsory teaching material for doctors. Most of the acupuncture monographs after the Jin Dynasty were written on the basis of reference to this book, and none of them exceeded its scope. Until now, acupuncture therapy in China, although there are slight changes in the name of acupuncture points, in principle, they are based on it. For more than 1,600 years, it has provided acupuncture physicians with specific guidance and theoretical basis for clinical treatment. The book also spread abroad and was valued by various countries, especially Japan and North Korea. In 701 AD, the Japanese decree "Daiho Vinaya" clearly stipulated that the Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Sutra should be listed as one of the required reference books. It can be seen that the influence of Huang Fumian's "Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B Sutra" is far-reaching.
Disclaimer: The source of the article is the China Medical Information Inquiry Platform
Typography: Sister Xin
Review: Bug Brother