One
Zhou Yi said in the "Words and Sayings of Hui Feng": "Or ask the national dynasty poets, whose clan should be crowned?" After repeated review, the golden wind pavilion is long and right. Q JiaJu Xi Ruo? Take "Trickster" Yunyun. ”
Zhou Yi was a famous lexicographer in the late Qing Dynasty, and someone asked him who wrote the best words in the Qing Dynasty, and Zhou Yi thought about it again and again, saying that Zhu Yizun, the head of the Golden Wind Pavilion, wrote the best words, and asked Zhu Yizun which one was the best.
That is to say, the late Qing dynasty lexicographer Zhou Yi believes that Zhu Yizun's "Guidian Qiu" is a work of Qing ci.
Gui Dian Qiu
Thinking about the past, crossing the river dry, the moth looking down the mountain. Sleep together to listen to the autumn rain, and the small moles lightly chill each other.
Two
Zhu Yizun's "Gui Dian Qiu" was rated by Zhou Yi as a crushing work of Qingzi, but behind it, there is a love story that is not recognized by the world, and to experience the beauty of this word, we must first understand Zhu Yizun's love story.
Zhu Yizun (7 October 1629 – 14 November 1709), his great-grandfather Zhu Guozuo (朱国祚), was the first scholar to be raised during the Wanli Dynasty, and an official to the Hubu Shangshu and a scholar of wuyingdian University, but zhu Yizun was born and his family was already in decline.
Zhu Yizun's family was in Xiushui, not far from the Zhu family, the home of the Confucian teaching Feng Zhending, and there was a Fei grandmother who often traveled to zhu feng's two families, and she often praised Feng Yizun's mother, Tang Fuzhen, for her wisdom, so Tang Yizun entrusted Fei to be a matchmaker and betrothed to the Feng family.
When Zhu Yizun was 17 years old, he reached the age of marriage, but the Zhu family had no money to buy a bride price, so Zhu Yizun entered the Feng family, according to local customs, originally Zhu Yizun wanted to change from the woman's family name, but the Zhu family was high, and Feng Zhending was also enlightened, so he let Zhu Yizun keep his original surname.
When Zhu Yizun entered the family, Feng Fuzhen was 15 years old, and Feng Fuzhen had two younger sisters, the youngest sister was called Feng Shouzhen, who was 11 years old at the time. Zhu Yizun's unrequited love happened to him and his younger sister Feng Shouzhen. However, at that time, Feng Shouzhen was still young, and their love happened in the process of Feng Shouzhen's gradual growth.
Zhu Yizun, as a son-in-law, naturally did not have a high family status, and coupled with a reader, in the chaotic world of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, he could not bring income to the family, and naturally could not avoid being blinded by his family.
Zhu Yizun once said to himself: "To send a trail of grass, the high hall violates the joy of fish, the brother goose and plover hurt, and the entry is a woman and a child who are endless, and the joy of the four is heard, and none of them can be done." "Not being able to make money outside and being blamed by his wife when he comes home is undoubtedly very painful for a man."
But Feng Shouzhen greatly admired the talent of her brother-in-law Zhu Yizun, and she and Zhu Yizun learned poetry and lyrics, and read and learned to write. She will also play hide-and-seek with her brother-in-law, hide and seek with myopic brother-in-law, and sometimes the family will play a game of money and grass fighting, and when she loses, she will play with her brother-in-law and ask her brother-in-law to repay her.
Twelve- and thirteen-year-old Feng Shouzhen, delicate and lovely, in Zhu Yizun's recollection of her words, Zhu Yizun wrote: "Approach the bottom of the rose frame, raw and catch butterflies and flowers." "Raw capture butterfly", wrote Feng Shouzhen's innocence and delicacy, smart and lovely.
It can be said that such a delicate and cute little sister has become a comfort in Zhu Yizun's heart, and looking at the little sister who is gradually growing up, his heart has gradually given birth to a different kind of emotion.
Feng Shouzhen had a kiss, but before he could pass the door, her husband died, and at that time, Feng Suzhen, dressed in filial piety, had a graceful posture and a clear eyebrow, which made Zhu Yizun even more confused.
Feng Shouzhen is intelligent by nature, she perceives the affection of her brother-in-law, and her heart also has secret feelings for this brother-in-law who is full of talent in Botong Jingshi, but between love and etiquette, Feng Shouzhen chooses to use etiquette to restrain her emotions.
The calligraphy that Feng Shouzhen learned was Wang Xianzhi's "Thirteen Elements of Luoshen Endowment", which contains the sentence "Accept and yan and be quiet, and Shen Li prevents self-sustaining", saying that although Cao Zhi has a deep affection for his sister-in-law Zhen Mi, he can still maintain himself with courtesy. Feng Shouzhen used the excuse of learning calligraphy to show Zhu Yizun these two sentences, and Zhu Yizun understood in his heart, so he gave a small character to his little sister, which was called "Jingzhi".
In fact, at that time, there were frequent wars, Feng Dingzhen and his wife had thought of letting Feng Shouzhen also marry Zhu Yizun, following the affairs of Emperor E and female Ying colleagues, and even Zhu Yizun's wife Feng Fuzhen also thought about letting her little sister marry over, but later WuZhong's rich man sent a matchmaker to ask for relatives, and Feng's mother was greedy for money and agreed.
When Feng Shouzhen was 19 years old, she married Wu Zhongjufu, but this person was ugly and rude, which made her miss her talented brother-in-law Zhu Yizun even more.
Shunzhi fifteenth (1658) In April, Zhu Yizun returned from Guangdong, just in time to meet Feng Shouzhen back to her mother's home, she saw the tuan fan in the little sister's hand, it was her previous poem, and she suddenly knew that it was difficult to break each other's affection.
Zhu Yizun and Feng Shouzhen's feelings became more and more difficult to restrain, and on November 14, they finally made love, broke through the great obstacle between men and women, and made a pair of wild mandarin ducks. After that, every time Feng Shouzhen returned to his mother's house, he would warm the incense with Zhu Yizun and look at his head and eyes. At the beginning of their return, they were still relatively close, carrying people behind their backs, and later indulged in indulgence, and they could not take care of much.
In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661), Feng Shouzhen's husband died, and she became a widow again.
Zhu Yizun and Feng Shouzhen maintained this underground affair until the sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1667), when Feng Shouzhen fell ill with lovesickness and rumors, so he fell terminally ill and died in Leap April at the age of 33.
After Zhu Yizun entered the Feng Gate, he has been living a life of poverty and depravity, and he has lost his will, and he has not even been forgiven by his family, and his mood is lonely and sad, which can be imagined. And Feng Shouzhen alone can love his talent, and even promise him personally, although this feeling is not recognized by the world, it is undoubtedly a little light in Zhu Yizun's difficult life.
In the eighth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1669), Zhu Yizun wrote a two-thousand-word "Wind Huai Poem" to record this relationship. In his later years, Zhu Yizun was already a generation of poets, becoming the leader of the Qing Dynasty poetry circle, when he was compiling his own poetry collection, his friends advised him to delete the "Wind Huai Poem", because if there was no love that violated secular ethics, with his achievements, he would be eligible to enter the Confucius Temple after death and enjoy the Spring and Autumn Festival. Zhu Yizun said: "It is better to spell two cold pork, and not delete "Wind And Two Hundred Rhymes". ”
Zhu Yizun also compiled the eighty-three love words he wrote to Feng Shouzhen into "JingZhi Juqin Fun", "Jingzhi", which is Feng Shouzhen's small characters. "Jing Zhi Ju Qin Fun" eighty-three songs, is a masterpiece of ancient and modern love words. Chen Tingzhuo's "Words and Sayings of Bai Yu Zhai" said: "But a volume of "Jing Zhi Ju Qin Fun", sweeping away Chen Yan as much as possible, is a unique machine. The words are like this, bandits alone, Ou can not, that is, Li Hou Lord, Niu Songqing also did not dream, the real ancient and modern structure is also absolute. Ye Jiaying also praised it as "a work that has never been seen since there have been beautiful words in Chinese genres."
Three
The term "Guidian Autumn" is to recall the past of Feng Shouzhen's cardamom years, when they already had feelings for each other, but at home, they also had to avoid each other.
In the sixth year of Shunzhi (1649), in order to escape the chaos of war, Zhu Yizun moved from Lianpu to Wangdian with his father-in-law, on the way, the whole family was on a boat, Zhu Yizun and Feng Shouzhen had the opportunity to face each other day and night, the two had a common heart, but they could not say it explicitly.
Think about the past, cross the river dry. Dry, i.e. shore, riverside. Looking back, I remembered the scene when the whole family was in the same boat.
Moths look down over the mountains. Moth: Describes a woman's eyebrows. Yueshan: Jiaxing is located at the intersection of Wuyue, the old cloud. At that time, the little sister's eyebrows were reflected in the river water, and the green mountains of Wuyue were reflected in each other, and qingxiu was beautiful.
Sleep together to listen to the autumn rain, and the small moles lightly chill each other. Gଔ:Boat. Diàn :Bamboo mats. Qīn: Quilt, light quilt is thin quilt.
At that time, we slept together in a small boat, cushioned with bamboo mats, covered with thin quilts, listening to the autumn rain outside, and communicating with each other, but we were hindered by worldly human morality, and we could not break our feelings, but we could only experience the cold of this autumn.
This poem writes a very ambiguous emotion, in this small boat, the two people love each other, the eyes flow, are each other's affection, but can not say clearly, the cold wind struck, they slept so close, but could not hug each other, this restrained and strong emotion, people can not stop.
Such emotions are indeed things that the writer has never written about before.