Author: Old History
First, grew up in the darkest years of the late Ming Dynasty
▲ According to the records, No. 59 Shijia Hutong should be the former residence of Shi Kefa
1. When her mother was pregnant with Shi Kefa, she dreamed of Wen Tianxiang
On November 14, 1602 of the Wanli Dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, a baby fell to the ground in a slightly dilapidated old mansion in the East Fourth Arch Building in Daxing County, Suncheon Province[ formerly attached to Daxing County, Suncheon Province, in the northeast corner of the city, in the area of the present-day Chaoyang District of The East of Beijing], and fell to the ground in a slightly dilapidated old courtyard house, and the loud cry broke through the nearby night sky and reached the street outside the door. This baby is the protagonist of this article, Shi Kefa.
When it comes to Shi Kefa's birthplace, there are not too many records in ancient books, such as "Shi Kefa, Zi Xianzhi, Daxing, Xiangfuren" in the "History of Ming"; "Shuntian Daxingren" in the "Yishi of Southern Xinjiang"; "Daxing XiangfuRen" in the "Shuntian Fu Zhi"...
The record of Suncheon province in the Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion states:
In the first year of Yongle, the construction of Beijing was called Xingzai... In the sixth year of orthodoxy, it was designated as the Beijing Division, and the eighth capital, the second prefecture, the seventeenth prefecture, and the county one hundred and sixteen were all three thousand one hundred odd.
As for Daxing County, it was not daxing county on the outskirts of Beijing later, as recorded in the Minutes of Reading the History of Public Opinion:
Daxing County, attached to Guo, is in the northeast corner of the city.
That is to say, the Daxing in the Ming Dynasty era is actually the area around the Dongcheng District of Beijing today. According to this, Shi Kefa's family lives in Shijia Hutong in Chaoyang District.
According to Ye Gongqi's "Preface to the Genealogy of the Eastern Branch of Yangzhou city of Shi's":
Pu Yun: "Shiju East Fourth Arch Building", quite suspicious is the present Shijia Hutong, after (Geng) Jianting visited the old cloud that has lived in its land for a long time: "It is said that the present primary school used to be a Blue Flag official scholar, which contains Ming Dynasty buildings, and is the former residence of Shi Shi", but it cannot be confirmed.
Between Dongsi and Dongdan Avenues in Beijing, South Xiaojie and Beixiaojie, there are many east-west parallel hutongs, one of which is called Shijia Hutong. Regarding the origin of the name of the hutong, it is said that there is an ancestral hall in the hutong, which is located in the compound no. 59 in the hutong. In the second year of the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty (1724), the "Left Wing Sect" was built on the site of the Shi Kefa Ancestral Hall, which specially recruited the eight flags of the left wing [the eight flags are yellow flag, the white flag, the white flag, and the blue flag. In 1905, it was changed to "Left Eight Flags Fifth Primary School", in 1910 it was changed to "Left Eight Flags Middle School", in 1912 it was changed to "Beijing Normal Public Second Middle School", and in 1939, Beijing No. 2 Middle School was moved to the Ministry of Internal Affairs Street on the north side of Shijia Hutong, where Shijia Hutong Primary School was built.
According to the description of the above historical materials, No. 59 Shijia Hutong may be the former residence of Shi Kefa.
However, some people checked the information and compared the time, and felt that it was not right. Because as early as the Ming Jiajing period in the book "Jingshi Wuchengfang Lane Hutong Collection", the name of "Shijia Hutong" is impressive. The author believes that Shi Kefa became a well-known national hero after the anti-Qing resistance in the late Ming Dynasty, and given the custom that ancestral halls were sometimes built on the basis of former residences, it is impossible to say that the hutong was named after his surname before the Jiajing year. However, this possibility is not excluded: unless the Shi Kefa family is a large family that dates back to a hundred years of history, it is possible to use the residence of Shi Kefa's ancestors as the place name, otherwise it is likely to be another large family with the surname of Shi.
It is possible that this is true, because several generations of Ancestors of Shi Kefa were hereditary Jinyi Wei Hundred Households, and it is not impossible that this place is the place where his ancestors lived for generations.
Shi Kefa's seventh ancestor Shi Yong (史镛) in the fifth year of Zhengde was moved from Xiangfu [Kaifeng, Henan] to Shuntian ["Allusions to the State Dynasty and Later Records" :( Zhengde 5 April, 1510 AD) on the seventh day of the garrison of Lingzhou commander Shi Yong heard of the previous situation (Anhua Wang Miao conspired against him), and did not dare to wait at night, and sent a report to the town to guard the Shaanxi Cao commander-in-chief and inform the officials of various roads. Lingzhou belonged to Ningxia, Shaanxi], and at that time it was already a hundred households of Jinyi Wei, and this official position was hereditary. In the era when Shi Kefa's great-grandfather Shi Defang took office, it was Lu Bing, the son of the Jiajing Emperor's grandmother, who commanded the Jinyi Guards, and he "selected the guards and horses, all of whom were great and powerful, good at controlling the length and length, with many eyes and ears, and all eyes and ears were shattered." Thousands of qifu, Qin, Jin, and Lujian were recruited to shoot at the super multiplication [Mingshu vol. 73]". "The wei is dressed in fresh clothes and angry with the horses, and the people who look up to the support are fifteen or sixty thousand [ibid.]." And the Jinyi Hundred Households are the grass-roots leaders who command these outlaws and rogues ["Allusions to the State Dynasty, Tianshun Rilu" :(TianshunChu, 1457) The Jinyi Guards Official School sent people out to mention people, only wealth is the plan, moving tens of millions, the people of the world are disturbed by it invincible, this situation can not be reached. Xian Yi said calmly, "Today the people are quite safe, but there is only one harm." "What's the harm?" Xian Yue: "The Jinyi Guard Official School is also." One is out of the outside, like a wolf like a tiger, greedy for money, rather than Ji Jiji! Shang Ji enlightened: "Who is not afraid to go out in this generation?" The harm is self-evident. In the future, we will not do anything serious. Xiandun first said, "Fortunately." ”]。
Therefore, from the Zhengde period to the Chongzhen period, Shi Kefazu has always lived in the Jinyi Wei Hundred Households, and should also be a large household.
In the book "Jingshifang Lane Chronicle", it is also recorded:
Shijia Hutong: one each of the east and west courtyards, one well each, one in the jiaojia compound in the east, one well. Left-wing sectarianism in northern ,...... Jinyiwei is not too far away.
Since it is not far from Jinyiwei, it is possible that no. 59 Shijia Hutong is not another household surnamed Shi, but a property of Jinyiwei Hundred Households, that is, Shi Kefa's ancestors in this area. However, as mentioned later, Shi Kefa's grandfather Shi Yingyuan did not want to sit in the shadow of his ancestors and gave up the right to inherit his post to his second brother Shi Yingheng. But it is not excluded that their family has always had a place here, living in this compound with their uncles and grandfathers. It was only because Shi Kefa's grandfather Zhongju had not been able to be admitted to the Jinshi after zhongju, that the family path gradually weakened, and their family became poorer and poorer.
Although the evidence is not very sufficient, the former site of "Shijia Primary School" at No. 59 Shijia Hutong, located in the East Fourth Arch Building of Daxing County, Shuntian Province, and even the old residence of "Good Garden" at No. 53 Shijia Hutong, may be the former residence of the Shi Kefa family in Beijing, and after his heroic martyrdom, the Qing rulers set this place as Shi Kefa's ancestral hall, just like the Construction of Shi Gong Ancestral Hall for him in Yangzhou.
The above is the author's examination of the immature compound of No. 59 Shijia Hutong.
▲ Grandfather had high hopes for Shi Kefa
Let's get back to that. In beijing in the winter moon, the weather is cold and frozen, coupled with the poor family conditions, even the charcoal for heating is not enough, the family waited for several hours in the long cold night, and finally waited for the cry of the child, all of which put down the hearts hanging in the air. When the midwife came out of the inner chamber and told her that the baby was a boy, everyone was overjoyed. The grandfather of the nearly flower armor looked up at the long sky with tears and sighed: "My family will be chang, my family will be chang!" ”
It is said that when his mother Yin Shi was pregnant with him, she once had a strange dream that a high official dressed in imperial clothes came to her room and did not speak. Yin asked him who he was, and he said it was Wen Tianxiang. Then he looked at Yin Shi and smiled and disappeared.
Wen Tianxiang (文天祥) was a jinshi of the Song Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Lizong Baoyou, an official to the chancellor, and a prince of the Letter Kingdom. Later, Wen Zhenmeng, a scholar of the Chongzhen Dynasty, was a descendant of him. At that time, the Yuan Dynasty was strong in strength, but the Song Dynasty was in decline for several days, and when the Yuan soldiers drove straight in and the soldiers pointed to the crisis in the capital Lin'an, he gathered rebels in his hometown to resolutely resist the invasion of the Yuan soldiers, and was unfortunately captured in the battle against the Yuan army. In captivity, he was awe-inspiring in his righteousness, and he was eventually killed with indomitability. He was a hero who resisted the invasion of the Central Plains by the Yuan soldiers. His poem "Crossing zero Ding Yang" is impassioned, desolate and tragic, reflecting his strong national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit:
After a hard time, the stars fell around.
The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is fluttering, and the life is floating and raining.
The panic beachhead said trepidation, zero Ding Yang sighed zero Ding.
All men are mortal? Leave Dan in his heart.
▲ Legend has it that when her mother was pregnant with Shi Kefa, she once dreamed of Wen Tianxiang
This story shows that after Shi Kefa was born, the whole family was full of joy and wondered, does this dream indicate that Shi Jia will also produce a noble person like Wen Tianxiang? Will the family thrive again because of this child? Will this child also become a hero in the future, and the country will prosper with his assistance? In particular, his grandfather, Shi Yingyuan, was already fifty-three years old at this time. He was an old man who followed the rules, and although he was a decent person and upright, he had never been able to do anything to the country and the imperial court, and naturally placed great hopes on the birth of this eldest grandson. For this reason, he gave this grandson the scientific name "Kefa", hoping that in the future, his grandson would "obey virtue and righteousness, and do things according to the law", become a useful person to the country and the imperial court, and also hoped that he could honor his ancestors and revive this family that was gradually declining. Of course, this story may be that after Shi Kefa's martyrdom, posterity compared him with Wen Tianxiang out of reverence, but his grandfather Shi Yingyuan's expectations for Shi Kefa were indeed very high.
Updated 10-25
Editor: Yan Jingping,"White Wave Love"