Mao Zedong was born as a farmer, grew up in the countryside since childhood, and had a natural relationship with farmers. The miserable and impoverished life of the old Chinese peasants left a deep and unforgettable impression on him. Throughout his life, Mao Zedong worked hard for the people to live better.
Mao Zedong was the first CCP leader of our Party to pay attention to the peasant issue. The peasant question first came to Mao's attention, dating back to 1923.
In April of that year, Mao Zedong sent Shuikoushan workers and communists Liu Dongxuan and Xie Huaide back to their hometown of Baiguo Township in Hengshan To carry out a peasant movement. In accordance with Mao Zedong's opinion, they launched a peasant movement and established the first peasant association in Hunan, the Hunan Hengshan Yuebei Peasants' Union. Under the leadership of the peasant trade unions, the peasants waged a struggle to level the grain and block the export of grain and cotton from landlords, and contemplated rent reductions and interest rate reductions.
At the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China in June of the same year, Mao Zedong gave a speech at the congress, introducing the peasant and workers' movement in Hunan and emphasizing the importance of the peasant issue.
During the first period of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, in January 1924, Mao Zedong attended the Kuomintang Congress held in Guangzhou as a representative of the local organization in Hunan and was elected as an alternate member of the Central Executive Committee. After the meeting, he went to the Shanghai Executive Department of the Kuomintang and served as the secretary of the Organization Department and the director of the Clerical Section of the Acting Secretariat, becoming the central figure of the CCP in this institution.
In December of the same year, Mao Zedong, who had become ill with overwork, took a leave of absence and returned to his hometown in Shaoshan, Hunan Province. After returning to his hometown, Mao Zedong did not stop to recuperate, but made full use of this time to learn about the production and living conditions of the peasants near Shaoshan, the class situation in the countryside and various social conditions through contact and investigation with various people in his hometown. At the same time, he also told them about the political situation of the country, the reasons for the peasants' poverty and the ways to get rid of poverty, and enlightened their consciousness.
In August 1925, the Shaoshan area suffered a major drought. At a time when green and yellow are not receiving people's food shortages, local landlords hoard and raise the price of grain. Mao Zedong summoned the party branch and the backbone cadres of the peasant cooperatives to a meeting, mobilized the peasants, forced the landlords to open warehouses and level the grain, and sent Zhong Zhishen and Pang Shukan, members of the peasant cooperatives, to negotiate with Cheng Xusheng, a local tycoon and director of the Defense Bureau of the Shangqidu Regiment.
Peaceful struggle
In September, he went to Guangzhou to participate in the preparations for the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang and served as the acting propaganda director of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee.
In January 1926, Mao Zedong published an article entitled "Analysis of the Classes of the Chinese Peasants and Their Attitude toward the Revolution" in the first issue of "The Chinese Peasants", pointing out that one of the basic views of the various classes in society is: "Their economic status is different, their living conditions are different, and thus their psychology, that is, their concepts of revolution are also different." ”
The article divides rural China into eight classes and strata. Among them, the big landlords "are the sworn enemies of the Chinese peasantry, the true rulers of the countryside, and the real basis of the imperialist warlords." The article concludes by pointing out that "when we organize the peasants, we organize five kinds of peasants under one organization: self-employed peasants, semi-self-employed peasants, semi-beneficial peasants, poor peasants, hired peasants, and handicraft workers." For the landlord class in principle use the method of struggle. ”
In early June, Mao Zedong began teaching Chinese peasants to students at the Sixth Agricultural Lecture Institute for 23 hours. The speech summed up the history of peasant struggle in China, especially the historical experience since the Xinhai Revolution, and pointed out that before that, the Chinese revolutionaries had not paid attention to studying the peasant question, and the reason why the Xinhai Revolution and the May Thirtieth Movement failed was that "thirty-twenty million peasants were completely absent from helping and supporting them."
The speech expounds the position of the peasant question in the national revolution from the five aspects of population, production, revolutionary forces, war relations, and revolutionary aims, and points out: "The goal of the national revolution is to solve the problems of the various classes of workers, peasants, merchants, and soldiers; if the peasant problem cannot be solved, there is no reason to solve the class problem. "It is pointed out that the solution of the peasant agrarian question is a central problem of the revolutionary party.
Because Mao Zedong was an alternate executive member of the Central Executive Committee of the First and Second National Congresses of the Kuomintang, and at the same time concurrently served as the acting propaganda director of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, he often attended (as observers) to the meetings of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. At these meetings, Mao Zedong often spoke out for the Chinese peasant class from the height of safeguarding the interests of the peasants and promoting the national revolution, embodying the foresight of a proletarian revolutionary.
On October 27, the KMT held a joint meeting to continue discussing the KMT's recent political platform. With regard to the "no advance levy of money and grain," Song Ziwen and Sun Ke proposed to continue to implement it on the grounds that the Kuomintang political conference had decided to pre-levy money for one year in Guangdong. Mao Zedong said in his speech: "The most important policy of our party is the policy of the peasants, and it is more feasible to collect money and grain in advance to make the peasants suspicious of the party. ”
Song Ziwen
Due to differences of opinion, the Presidium of the Congress designated Chen Qiyi, Gan Naiguang, Sun Ke, Mao Zedong and Finance Minister Song Ziwen to discuss a solution. During the meeting, Song Ziwen still insisted on pre-collecting money and grain.
On the 28th, Mao Zedong spoke again at the joint meeting: "Yesterday, according to Minister Song, the advance levy of money and grain was only two or three million, so why bother with this number of peasants or the majority of the people to doubt that our resolution cannot be implemented?" He still advocated the issuance of three million solid public bonds to raise money from solid merchants. "The meeting was deadlocked, and finally the president announced that it would be referred to the political conference.
In January 1927, Mao Zedong set off from Changsha to the countryside of Hunan to investigate the peasant movement. In Shaoshan, I learned that Shaoshan at this time was very different from when I left in 1925, the ancestral hall temple became the site of the peasant association, and the peasant association also organized the peasants to repair ponds, build dams, smoke and gamble, and run peasant night schools, and Shaoshan became the world of farmers, and he was very happy. In his speech, he praised the revolutionary spirit of the peasants and urged them to further organize themselves and establish their own political power.
Mao Zedong said: I am engaged in revolution for the cause of the proletariat, and my beloved and friend is a poor man with no money who wears straw shoes. Our revolution has only just begun, and it will take thirty or forty years to completely eliminate the feudal landlords and gentry, to overthrow the warlords, and to drive out imperialism. If the revolution is not successful, Mao Runzhi will not return to Shaoshan.
As the chairman himself said, Chairman Mao's life is a life of fighting for the poor people. After the July 15 counter-revolutionary coup, Wang and Jiang converged, marking the end of the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation.
In order to armably resist the bloody massacre of the Chinese Communists by the Kuomintang reactionaries, Chairman Mao organized and led the famous Autumn Harvest Uprising, embarked on the arduous process of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and led this contingent to Jinggangshan and began the struggle to create a revolutionary base area and seize political power by force.
It is precisely because Chairman Mao has deep sympathy and understanding for the Chinese peasants, keen insight and thinking about the contradictions in Chinese society, and correct prediction and confidence in the future of the Chinese revolution that he has been able to formulate a series of principles and policies that conform to the interests of the people.
From the formulation of the "Three Major Disciplines and Six Points of Attention" in the Jinggangshan revolutionary base areas that do not take a sweet potato from the peasants, to the agrarian revolution in the liberated areas to distribute land to the peasants; from the time when the Jinggangshan period went down to the mountains to carry grain, to the Yan'an period when he opened up the land and planted the land himself; from the "lean army and streamlining administration" to the large-scale production movement, Chairman Mao's thoughts and deeds were all aimed at lightening the peasants' burdens and safeguarding the peasants' interests, and he always kept the peasants' affairs in mind, thus turning his ideals into reality step by step.
"He who wins the hearts and minds of the people wins the world", this truth has always existed. Because they gained the hearts and minds of the people and won the support and support of the broad masses of the people, after 22 years of successive and extraordinary efforts, they finally overthrew the Kuomintang reactionaries, overthrew the three mountains that weighed down on the heads of the Chinese people, and established a new China. Since then, fifty-forty million people have gained freedom, the oppressed people of yesteryear have become the masters of the country, and the peasants of the whole world have been liberated and reborn.
Chairman Mao
Chairman Mao dedicated his life to the cause of liberation of the Chinese people, and he will always be remembered and loved by the people!
Great man's thoughts live on forever! The spirit of great men lives on! Great man style lives on!