If we carefully study the history of the Three Kingdoms and evaluate the three commanders of Wei, Shu, and Wu at that time, we will find that sun quan is far inferior to Cao Cao and Liu Bei in terms of strategy and open-mindedness and popularity, but the strange thing is that in Xin Quan's poems, he mentions Sun Quan (Zhongmou) many times, which of course has a reason, because Sun Quan, whose seat of power and the area under his jurisdiction are basically similar to the Southern Song dynasty regime, Xin Shuyi hopes that the emperor of the dynasty can be as excited as Sun Quan, rich country and strong army, and compete for the world.
But unfortunately, the emperors he caught up with, whether it was Song Xiaozong, Song Guangzong, or Song Ningzong, were all emperors who were bent on settling down in Jiangnan, which made Xin Shuyi very helpless.
In this article, we will read a Jiaxuan poem related to Sun Quan, which is also a "textbook word" (selected into the middle school textbook), which is this "Nanxiangzi Dengjingkou Beiguting Youhuai":
(Poetry calligraphy)
Where to look at Shenzhou? Full of scenery North Gulou. How many things have risen and fallen through the ages? Leisurely, endless Yangtze River rolling streams! The young man was in a hurry, and the war in the southeast was not over. Who are the heroes of the world? Cao Liu. Give birth to a son like Sun Zhongmou!
In June of the third year of Song Ningzong Jiatai, Han Nongxu, who advocated the Northern Expedition, came to power, so he used the main warrior faction, who was already 64 years old, and Xin Abandoned Disease, who had been idle for many years, was appointed as the Zhi Shaoxing Prefecture and the Pacification Envoy of Eastern Zhejiang, and the following year, Xin Abandoned Disease jin saw Song Ningzong, believing that the Jin Kingdom "will be chaotic and must perish" ("Miscellaneous Records of the Dynasty and the Wild Since Jianyan"), and was added as a Treasure Pavilion to be controlled, raised the concept of blessing, and was invited by the court. Soon after, he went out of Zhenjiang Province and was given a golden belt, when Zhenjiang was the second line of defense against the Jin people in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhenjiang had Beigu Pavilion (also known as BeiguLou), Xin Abandoned Disease often came to visit, touching the past, feeling endless, this word is one of them.
(Snow view of Beigulou)
Full word three questions and three answers:
First question: Where to look at Shenzhou? The first answer: full of scenery North Solid Building. Beigulou stands in the north of the Yangtze River, as seen by the building, the distant Jiangbei is the occupied area occupied by the Jin soldiers, and the writer ascends to the far side, looking forward to his home country mountains and rivers, feeling that the face is completely different, and the mountains and rivers have changed. Where to look at Shenzhou, split the head to ask, the implication is that now the land of Shenzhou (Central Plains) is no longer owned by me, so the scenery full of eyes is only a Beigu Tower and the scenery nearby.
(Beigushan)
Second question: How many things have risen and fallen through the ages? The second answer: leisurely, endless Yangtze River rolling streams! Zhenjiang, in history, was once a hero with martial arts and meritorious achievements, in such a scene, the writer can not help but have a sense of rise and fall of the ages, the scenery nearby, full of sights, but the downstairs rolling east of the Yangtze River water, because "the wind is always blown, the rain blows away." "Those heroes, those clouds of historical smoke, have disappeared into the long river of history. The "leisurely" here refers to both the longevity of time and the length of the words' thoughts. "The Endless Yangtze River Rolling Stream" basically borrows the verse of Du Fu's "Ascending to the Heights": "The boundless falling wood is under Xiao Xiao, and the Yangtze River is not endless." "The times are desolate, the deceased are like Si, and what stirs in the hearts of the writers at this time is endless sorrow and endless emotion!
The young man was in a hurry, and the war in the southeast was not over. This is actually a supplementary explanation of the answer to the third question later, which is about Sun Quan's heroic deeds. Sun Quan began to inherit his father's brother's ambitions at the age of nineteen, ruled Jiangdong, conquered Huangzu in the west, rejected Cao Cao in the north, and finally dominated the southeast side, and when the Battle of Chibi broke Cao Bing, Sun Quan was only 27 years old, so Sun Quan was a real "juvenile" hero, and he was a teenager Haojie who "sat in the southeast" when he was a teenager. As mentioned above, Sun Quan's continuous conquests and the continuous growth of the State of Wu formed a state of mountains and rivers that were very similar to the current Southern Song Dynasty regime, so the poet borrowed the ancient metaphor of the present and borrowed Sun Quan to "rise up".
(Sun Quan in film and television dramas)
The third question: Who is the hero of the world? The third answer: Cao Liu, give birth to a son like Sun Zhongmou! This is the continuation of the above two sentences, like Sun Quan, who is "young and ten thousand", and can "sit in the southeast" and achieve some hegemony, who in the world can be the enemy of whom, only Cao Cao and Liu Bei. The sentence "When a son is born like Sun Zhongmou" is recorded in the history books, Pei Songzhi's annotations to the Three Kingdoms Chronicle of Wu Shu and Wu Lord's Biography quote the Wu Calendar:
“...... Quan xing five or six miles, return, make a trumpet. Gong saw that the boats and ships were cleaned up and the army was rectified, and he sighed: 'Give birth to a son like Sun Zhongmou!' If Liu Jingsheng son, guinea pig ears! ’”
This means that Cao Cao once confronted Sun Quan, and saw Wu Jun riding on a warship, the military appearance was solemn, Sun Quan was dignified, the majesty was majestic, and nai sighed: "When you have a son, you should be like Sun Zhongmou, Liu Jingsheng's son, and a guinea pig's ear!" "The hero Cao Cao, who dared to confront himself at the time, cast an admiring glance at Sun Quan, a strong man who dared to confront himself, and denounced those who surrendered without a fight (Liu Jingsheng's son Liu Chun) as a pig and dog to be slaughtered.
(Situation Map of the Three Kingdoms)
The reason why Xin Zhiyi deliberately quoted this allusion is, of course, because it has strong practical significance. In the current situation of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were two factions of forces, and behind them stood two kinds of people, one kind of people fighting, and the other kind of people fighting. Of course, the lyricist is not good at saying current events, so he borrowed Cao Cao's evaluation to comment on these two kinds of people at the moment, and actually made his position clear. His use of words is very good, the magic is that although he has not broken, he can speak for himself, because Cao Cao's words are very famous, the lyricist only said the first sentence of praise, but people can easily think of the latter sentence of scolding, the subtext is obvious: those who presided over the peace talks in the dynasty are simply "guinea pigs" like Liu Jingsheng's son!
(Situation map of the Southern Song Dynasty)
Wu Zeyu's "Selected Words of Xin Abandoning Diseases" commented on this poem: "The whole passage borrows ancient metaphors from the present, the fate is the situation, the questions are repeated, and the situation is opened up." In fact, the writing characteristics of this song are that the whole passage is three questions and three answers, and echoes each other, the whole word structure is compact, the tone is tragic and desolate, the rhythm is bright, nostalgic for the past and the present but bold, and the mood is optimistic but sad.
This song can be seen together with the author's "Yongyule Jingkou Beiguting Huaigu" composed at the same time, and both can be regarded as ancient songs! After reading these words, we will understand how appropriate Chen Tingzhuo's comparison between Su Shi and Xin Shuyi is: "Dongpo word, extremely famous scholar's elegance, Jiaxuan word, extremely heroic spirit." Thousands of years and said, and Jiaxuan is more victorious. ”
([Love Tang Song Ci] No. 78, the picture comes from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original author)