<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the heavy responsibility shouldered by Gao Gang after the reorganization of the Northeast Bureau and the severe situation faced by the new leadership team</h1>
From the "yellow land" of the northwest plateau to the "black land" of the northeast plain, Gao Gang was promoted from a member of the North Manchuria Branch of the CPC to the deputy secretary of the Northeast Bureau, which is not a long time (the details have been discussed above, and will not be repeated here).
This was first of all because the CCP led the whole Chinese people to defeat the Kuomintang army whose military strength far exceeded their own in only four years, and the short period of time in the war of liberation was greatly unexpected by the people. Another reason is that when Mao Zedong sent Gao Gang to the northeast, he did not let him, a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the secretary of the Northwest Bureau of the defending side, only be responsible for the work of a region in the northeast, but to let him play a greater role in the strategic decisive battle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party for the Great Northeast.
Later, Gao Gang often proudly told others that when Chairman Mao sent him to the northeast, he once said to him: "Peng Zhen has already gone first, you have experience in creating a base area, you go to help him." Regardless of whether what Gao Gang said was true or not, in any case, Gao Gang's member of the Beiman Branch Bureau had only been a member for more than half a year before he was appointed deputy secretary of the Northeast Bureau by the CPC Central Committee.
Lin Biao and Gao Gang
When the Central Committee issued the decision on the reorganization of the Northeast Bureau, Lin Biao, the secretary of the Northeast Bureau who had not yet taken office, was leading the former enemy headquarters at Wuchang (a county-level city under Harbin). After receiving instructions from the central authorities, the Northeast Bureau entrusted Gao Gang and Tan Zheng to the Five Permanents to welcome Lin Biao to Harbin to preside over the work of the Northeast Bureau.
When Gao Gang, Lin Biao, and others returned from the front line to Harbin, where the Northeast Bureau was stationed, the agreement between the Kuomintang and the Communists for a 15-day armistice in the northeast came into effect, but although there was a short rest period, the situation was still very serious.
Although at that time, in addition to fully controlling the Middle East line and the southern Manchuria region, our army also controlled a large area of land in western Manchuria centered on Qiqihar and eastern Manchuria centered on Yanji, the Kuomintang was gathering troops to prepare for an attack; although most of the bandits' troops were defeated, some leaders fled into the deep mountains and old forests, recruiting scattered troops and brave soldiers, waiting for an opportunity to make a comeback; the anti-rape liquidation movement had just begun, the masses had not yet mobilized more extensively, and more importantly, many of our cadres and fighters had a complicated struggle against the northeast. There is insufficient understanding of the seriousness and the lack of ideological preparation for protracted struggle and arduous mass work.
The new leadership team of the Northeast Bureau held a meeting in Harbin (the second row from right to the fourth is Gao Gang)
Therefore, after the establishment of the new leading group of the Northeast Bureau, it is faced with a very severe situation and more arduous and arduous tasks.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the background and important role of the drafting of the July 7 Resolution</h1>
In the face of the still very grim situation, the readjusted Northeast Bureau held an enlarged meeting in Harbin from July 3 to 11, 1946, in order to better implement the instructions of the Central Committee on Establishing a Consolidated Northeast Base Area, solve ideological problems among cadres, unify the understanding and action within the Northeast Party, and determine future policies and tasks. The meeting was presided over by Lin Biao, secretary of the Northeast Bureau, and attended by 19 members of the Central Committee and alternate members of the Central Committee working in the northeast, as well as some senior cadres of the party, government, and army.
Before the meeting, the Standing Committee of the Northeast Bureau entrusted Chen Yun with drafting a draft resolution submitted to the meeting for discussion. Because there were controversies on some important issues at that time, in order to realistically reflect the situation and current situation in the northeast, Chen Yun separately learned about the situation from the responsible persons of various theaters, solicited specific opinions, changed drafts several times, and formed a draft resolution and submitted it to the meeting for discussion. Gao Gang also made some important comments in the process of formulating the draft resolution. In accordance with the spirit of the CPC Central Committee's instructions on the work in the northeast, the meeting conscientiously summed up the experiences and lessons learned in creating base areas and resisting the attack of the Kuomintang army in the past year, unified its thinking, and reached consensus on the issue of establishing a consolidated base area in the northeast.
Group photo of Lin Biao, Gao Gang and Chen Yun
On July 7, the congress adopted the "Resolution on the Situation and Tasks in Northeast China" drafted by Chen Yun (revised by Gao Gang and others), the famous "Seven-Seven Resolution.".
The "July Seventh Resolution" first correctly analyzed the situation in the country and in the northeast, especially the enemy in the northeast where the enemy is strong and we are weak, and the weaknesses in our work, and pointed out: "Although the two sides are still in a state of armistice, the Kuomintang is still actively preparing to attack again, the mass work and the settlement of the land issue in the vast areas of the northeast are still in the initial stage, and our rural base areas are still not consolidated. Many of my cadres do not recognize the necessity and importance of going deep into the countryside to engage in protracted and arduous struggles in order to establish base areas." He also stressed that "you must acknowledge your weaknesses and overcome them in order to achieve your goals."
On the basis of a scientific analysis of the situation, the "July Seventh Resolution" clearly defines the arduousness, complexity, and protracted nature of the struggle in northeast China, and puts forward that the party's current task in northeast China is: "Overcome the chaotic thinking on the issue of peace and war, and prepare to achieve peace through protracted and arduous struggle," and "at present or for some time to come, the creation of base areas is the first priority in our work." He also warned again against the problem of unclear ideological understanding of some cadres:
Many cadres who have arrived in the northeast have no understanding of protracted wars and hard work, and have no mental preparation; many of them are obsessed with urban life, lack the determination to go to the countryside, lack the viewpoint of the masses, and the mood of pleasure, corruption, and war weariness among cadres is growing, which is the most dangerous phenomenon in the party. The source of these undesirable tendencies among cadres is, on the one hand, due to the lack of spirit of serving the people, and on the other hand, mainly due to their lack of understanding of the situation of the struggle in the northeast. At present, it is necessary to repeatedly explain among the cadres the situation of the struggle in the northeast, so that the cadres can understand the sharp and long-term nature of the struggle in the northeast, and that whether or not the peasants can be mobilized is the key to the success or failure of the struggle in the northeast, and that if the peasants do not rise up, we may fail in the northeast."
Chen Yun and the "Seven-Seven Resolution" drafted by Chen Yun
The "July Seventh Resolution" also pointed out the favorable conditions and future for the establishment of the base areas in the northeast: "We have taken advantage of the opportunity in the northeast, the party has led a powerful army, there are tens of thousands of foreign and local cadres, and the broad masses of working people are particularly in urgent need of turning themselves over politically and economically." He also said: "As long as our cadres throughout the northeast have a clear understanding of the situation in the northeast, unite as one, work closely with the masses, work diligently, and advance step by step toward the goal of struggle, we will certainly be able to change the situation in which the enemy is strong and we are weak, we will certainly be able to establish a solid and unstoppable position, smash the offensive of the reactionaries, and enable the northeast and the whole country to embark together on a new stage of peace and democracy."
Furthermore, the "resolution" calls on party members and cadres to plunge into the work of organizing and mobilizing the masses (peasants) as soon as possible: "Go out of the city, throw away the cars, take off the shoes, change into the clothes of the peasants, regardless of whether they are civil or military, male or female, regardless of qualifications, all cadres who may go to the countryside must go to the countryside."
The enlarged meeting of the Northeast Bureau correctly analyzed the war situation it was facing, summed up the experiences and lessons of the work in the northeast in a truth-seeking manner, unified its ideological understanding on many other issues, such as peace and war, cities and villages, mobilizing the masses, and operational principles and guidelines, and closely integrated the policy of "establishing a consolidated base area in northeast China" formulated by the party Central Committee (the relevant background on Chairman Mao's formulation of "this policy" has been discussed in detail in previous articles and will not be repeated here) with the actual situation in northeast China. It has become a programmatic document guiding the actions of the whole party and the whole army in northeast China.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Lin Biao and Gao Gang implemented the spirit of the "July 7 Resolution", and the construction of the northeast base area was fruitful</h1>
On July 11, the "July Seventh Resolution" was approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and has since become a programmatic document guiding the work of the party, government and army in Northeast China. On the same day, in accordance with the decision of the July meeting of the Northeast Bureau, the Northeast Daily published an editorial entitled "Go to the Countryside and Go among the Masses," calling on the whole party and the whole army in the Northeast to carry out in-depth mobilization, dispatch a large number of cadres from various systems, organs, and schools, and mobilize all students in cadre schools who can go to the countryside to go to the countryside and among the peasant masses to do the work of mobilizing the masses. The editorial pointed out that only when the broad masses of peasants are mobilized can we defeat the offensive of the Kuomintang reactionaries.
Publication founded by the Northeast Bureau - "The Masses"
Under the guidance of the spirit of the resolution, in order to cooperate with the implementation of the "July Seventh Resolution" and better mobilize the masses, the Northeast Bureau also founded the first intra-party publication, "The Masses", on July 13. Lin Biao, secretary of the Northeast Bureau, personally wrote the "Publication Speech" for the "Masses". Lin Biao's "Publication Words" is more level and in-depth and simple, he said so:
"The purpose of publishing intra-party publications is to solve various problems in the base areas of party building and army building in northeast China, and one of the most central of these problems is to mobilize the masses, so our publication is called "The Masses."
"The task before the whole party and the whole army in our northeast is to establish base areas, and the central task of establishing base areas is to mobilize the masses. Whether we can solve this problem is the question of our party's success or failure in the northeast. Today we have no base in the northeast, no home. If we do not hurry up and establish our own base area and establish our own home, we will be untenable and in danger of failure. Establishing a base is like building a house for ourselves, if we have no home, no house, it is like a wanderer, a second-rate person who floats around, in the face of a storm, he will be homeless, there will be no house to live in, he will be blown away by the wind, he will be killed by the rainstorm, and when he encounters a cold winter, he will freeze to death and starve to death. If we do not hurry up and establish our own base areas and establish our own homes, then not only will we have nowhere to go and no place to die, but the people of the northeast will not be able to turn over and have his position."
Lin Biao
"The whole Party and the whole army should be vigilant of the situation in which we are now, understand the environment in which we are present, show all our perseverance, devote ourselves to hard work, make up our minds, go among the masses, and in the shortest possible time, build our own homes, build our own houses, and establish our own base areas; at that time, we will not be afraid of any storm, we will have the strength to crush the attack of the Kuomintang reactionaries, and we will certainly be able to win."
On July 27, Gao Gang, then deputy secretary of the Northeast Bureau (and secretary general of the Standing Committee), came to Jiamusi (the seat of the Hejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China) as a representative of the Northeast Bureau to convey the spirit of the "77 Resolution" and attended the meeting of cadres of the Hejiang Provincial Party Committee on the same day. In accordance with the "July Seventh Resolution" and the decision of the cadre meeting, the Hejiang Provincial CPC Committee transferred 1,500 cadres at all levels from the province after the meeting and formed 12 working groups to go to the countryside to organize and mobilize the masses with the focus on cracking down on landlords and bullies and land reform.
High post
It can be said that the promulgation of the "July Seventh Resolution" has set off a climax of large-scale rural land reform by cadres from all over the northeast going to the countryside and large-scale land reform in the rural areas, and has laid an important foundation for our party to win the support of the masses of the people in northeast China (especially the peasants) and to build a consolidated base area. According to a report from the Northeast Bureau to the CPC Central Committee on August 29, since the implementation of the July 7 Resolution, "in the past two months, a total of 12,000 cadres from all over the northeast have gone to the countryside." Most counties and districts have organized work groups, all of which have broken through one or more villages, and a few counties have achieved most or universal distribution." By November of the same year, the land reform in the Northeast Liberated Area had allocated 2.06 million mu of land to 5 million landless and landless peasants, initially realizing that "the tiller has his land" [only four months have passed].
Along with the transmission and implementation of the spirit of the "July Seventh Resolution," all cadres in the party, government, and military organs at all levels of the Northeast Bureau who might go to the countryside have gone out of the cities and gone deep into the rural areas to mobilize the masses, carry out land reform, build up the people's armed forces, eliminate and suppress bandits, set off extensive land reform and bandit suppression movements, and form a climax in the construction of base areas.
According to the division of labor of the Northeast Bureau, Gao Gang, deputy secretary of the Northeast Bureau, came to Jiamusi after the meeting to convey and implement the spirit of the meeting. On July 27, Gao Gang conveyed the main spirit of the July 7 Resolution at a meeting of cadres of the Hejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China. The meeting held in-depth discussions around the "July Seventh Resolution" and Gao Gang's report and unified thinking. After the meeting, Hejiang Province dispatched more than 1,500 cadres and formed 12 working groups to go down to the grass-roots level and mobilize the masses, starting with the liquidation of anti-traitors, cracking down on traitors, bullies, and big landlords, and reforming the feudal land system.
At that time, the slogan of the northeast land reform - to realize that cultivators have their own fields
An unprecedented agrarian revolution unfolded like a storm in the northeast.