During the Ming Dynasty, there were many talents, including Tang Yin, who was born as a child prodigy, and Wang Yangming, who was a master of heart learning, who was gifted and led the way in their respective fields. In the official field of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Qing official with the same name as the Northern Song Dynasty Bao Zheng, his life was just and upright, he dared to speak out, and he was the "sea and blue sky" in the eyes of the people. But also because of his straightforward and lonely personality, criticized by the world, some historians commented that he was "loyal as an ant, filial piety like a beast", he is quite controversial Hai Rui, today we will tell his story.
1.
Hai Rui was born on January 22, 1514, died on November 13, 1587, ruxian, gangfeng, Hainan Qiongshan (now Haikou City) people. The Qiongshan Hai clan is a large family of the Hainan Wang clan, and it is said that in the sixteenth year of Hongwu (1383), the ancestors moved from Guangdong to Hainan from the army, and lived in Qiongshan, and the ancestors were people of Duokejia. Hai Rui's grandfather was a former governor of Songxi County, Fujian Province. However, Shi Zai Hairui's father," who is "vigilant and uninhibited, does not do family life and business", should be a family rebel with a strong personality, not doing the right thing, resulting in the family road falling. When Hai Rui was four years old, his father died, and all the family responsibilities fell on Hai Rui's mother, Xie Shi, who was only twenty-eight years old.
No matter how poor the family was, Xie still guaranteed that Hai Rui could eat enough, wear warm, receive a good education, and strictly urged him to study hard. In addition to the academy, it is the mother. This is the childhood life of the teenager Hai Rui. Hai Rui, who lacks the company of his father, studies hard every day under the supervision of his mother, and has no time to play with other partners under the strict instruction of his mother, so he gradually develops his lonely personality, and slowly even goes to extremes. It is precisely because of this that in his later career as an official, he can see the shadow of his childhood life, and in Hai Rui's world, there are only black and white words, either black or white. Everything is good and bad, although the hard life of childhood has made the mother and son experience hardships, but it has also created Hai Rui's tenacious personality and uncompromising spirit, which has never changed in his later career as an official.
In addition, the greatest influence on Hai Rui's career was his contemporary Wang Yangming, a great Confucian who created the psychology that emphasized "the unity of knowledge and action", and did not deliberately emphasize book knowledge and ignore practical actions, so Hai Rui at that time was determined to uphold this ideal to be an official in the world.
2.
Harry is not a child prodigy, but he is a hard worker, and his efforts far outweigh the rewards. At the age of twenty-eight, Hai Rui was admitted to the county school, and at the age of thirty-six, he was only admitted to the examination, but the next three examinations were all named Luosun Mountain. In desperation, he had to become a teacher (that is, a teacher).
In the second year of Hai Rui's tenure as a teacher, there were leaders who came to inspect the work, according to the custom at that time, officials should kneel to the leader, but Hai Rui did not, just did a long stroke, Hai Rui did not kneel, while the other two officials knelt, the atmosphere was very awkward.
According to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, in the school, the teacher did not have to kneel when he saw the leading official, but when Hai Rui became an official, he had already broken the rules, and who cares about the broken rules when you founded the country.
The official who came to inspect was very angry, thinking that this was a sign of Hai Rui's disrespect for the leader, so he rolled up his sleeves and left, but Hai Rui became famous for it. You, such an unpopular official, actually attached so much importance to etiquette, which aroused the praise of many scholars.
Jia Hairui worked very hard in business, so when Hai Rui was forty-five years old, the imperial court promoted Hai Rui to Zhi County, Chun'an County, Zhejiang Province, and the official was seven pins.
As soon as Hai Rui arrived in Zhejiang, he ordered the abolition of the old stereotypes and bad habits, and was not allowed to increase taxes in a vain attempt to embezzle. Hai Rui leads by example, obeys people with virtue, is strict with himself, resolutely puts an end to the vices of eating and drinking, extravagant and wasteful, and severely punishes the behavior of increasing wealth and accumulating wealth. Slowly, everyone got used to this hard and simple life, and finally won everyone's praise. According to the custom, the officials of the capital city patrol the places, the local officials will set up a banquet, a good flattery, to Hai Rui here, all the inspection officials must go around, everyone knows Hai Rui's disposition, there is no sand in the eyes, black is black, white is white.
Hu Zongxian, the governor of Zhejiang at the time, was a confidant of Yan Song, the chancellor of power, and his son Hu Ya used his father's power to do no evil and oppress the people. When Hai Rui was serving as a county commander in Chun'an County, because the post officials did not provide "luxurious reception services" to Hu Yannei, Hu Yanei made a big fuss, beat the station officials, and smashed the station.
When Hai Rui learned of this, he ordered his men to beat up this brother and confiscate the proceeds of extortion. He then ordered his men to escort Hu Yunei to Hu Zongxian and present him with a letter, which basically means that this person pretended to be Hu Zongxian's son and went around committing evil deeds and ruining your reputation. I'll hand him over to you, please deal with it. When the governor saw the letter, he was angry and funny, and he was dumbfounded, and did not pursue the matter any further.
Under Hai Rui's governance, the living standards of the local people have gradually improved, but the living standards of officials have plummeted. Because Hai Rui's performance appraisal was too excellent, he was promoted to Zhejiang Jiaxing Tongjue and took office. At this point, local officials could not sit still, mobilized resources from all sides, and impeached Hai Rui one after another. Therefore, under the plot of the traitorous courtiers, Hai Daren lost the opportunity for promotion and was reappointed to Xingguozhi County, Jiangxi. In Hai Rui's view, Jiangxi and Zhejiang are no different, how to do it and how to do it. As a result, under his vigorous rule, the living standards of the people of Jiangxi have been improving day by day, and the lives of officials can be imagined, which is also a straight decline, and they dare not speak out.
When Hai Rui was a magistrate, he handled old cases and rehabilitated unjust prisons, which won the hearts of the people. Many of the unjust cases handled by Hai Rui have become the material for folk novels and legends, such as "Big Red Robe", "Little Red Robe" and "Life and Death Card", which have shaped the reputation of Hai Rui's "Qingtian Grand Master".
Hai Rui was an honest official, he let the old servant go to the field to grow vegetables, and the old mother had a birthday, and he only bought two pounds of meat to add to the meal, and this embarrassment even the butcher who sold meat could not believe it.
3.
In 1565, on the recommendation of Zhu Heng, then deputy minister of the Household Department, Hai Rui was promoted again and went to the capital to serve as the head of the household department. Hai Rui, whose official position was only six pins, went so far as to directly appeal to the Jiajing Emperor, saying that the Ming Dynasty under Jiajing was "corrupt and corrupt, and the people were not happy." The reason is that you are confused, harsh, and partial, and you are both a tyrant and a tyrant, hoping that the emperor can "repent" and "repent." Hai Rui's book, sprinkled with thousands of words, scolded Jiajing a dog bloody head. "Emperor Deshu, great anger, land of arrival, Gu Left and Right: 'Fun and perseverance, no making escape!' Jiajing roared directly and went to arrest him for me, don't let him run.
Fortunately, the eunuch Huang Jin next to him persuaded that Hai Rui, known as a "fool", had already bought a coffin, bid farewell to his family, dismissed the slaves, and would not run away. After hearing this, Jia Jing was silent, left The Hai Rui recital behind, read it repeatedly for several months, and finally sighed: "This person can be more than dry, and the first is not a deaf ear." Therefore, Jiajing imprisoned Hai Rui indefinitely and did not execute him.
Although Hai Rui offended Jiajing, fortunately, Jiajing died only ten months later. The jailer congratulates Harry on his freedom and offers him a drink. After Hai Rui finished drinking, he got the news of the death of the Jiajing Emperor, and he cried loudly, Hai Da Was really sad, this is a true loyalty and patriotism. According to the will of the Jiajing Emperor, Hai Rui was not only released, the official was reinstated, and then promoted to Dali Temple, the official to Zheng Wupin, and soon after, the appointment was issued again, appointing Hai Rui as the imperial history of the Capital Inspection Yuan, and the official to the Zheng Sipin.
4.
In 1569, Hai Rui served as the inspector of Yingtian, the so-called Yingtian, referring to the jurisdiction of today's Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Jiangxi. In the eyes of others, this is a fat difference, such a huge jurisdictional area, just taxation, is a huge amount of money, people are particularly red-eyed.
As soon as the notice of his appointment was issued, the colleagues in the original post immediately celebrated each other and congratulated each other; the officials of the new unit, who had connections, quickly found a relationship and wanted to change their positions, and those who had no relationship, some even left their posts automatically, did not want to touch this great god.
As a result, Later, Hai Rui's officials rose higher and higher, but these official positions all had a characteristic - high-ranking officials were idle, and there was no room for play. People like Hai Rui have been hung high by the imperial court. He is like a plaque, which can only make people look up, but they cannot be grounded.
Soon, after serving as an inspector for half a year, he was deposed and sent home. At this time, Hai Rui was angry in his heart, and he wanted to change something with his own strength, but finally found that nothing could be changed.
In the thirteenth year of the Wanli Calendar (1585), Hai Rui was revived, and was successively appointed as the Right Attendant of the Nanjing Bureaucracy and the Imperial History of the Right Governor of Nanjing, but Hai Rui still recommended the law to severely punish corrupt officials and prohibit the use of private bribes, and died in Nanjing two years later.
5.
Hai Rui's family life is most criticized by posterity, he respects "filial piety", but his filial piety is a "foolish filial piety" that lacks humanity and is only followed by his mother.
Hai Rui lost his father at the age of four, and his mother Xie Shi pinned all her hopes on him and disciplined him strictly, their sense of morality was stronger than ordinary people, and they were extremely filial.
He had three marriages in his life, took two concubines, the eldest lady Pan was thrifty and thrifty, and had a kind temperament, but he was harassed by the sharp sea mother Xie Shi, and even called her the reincarnation of a "female mule".
Later, because he had not had children for many years, at the request of Xie Shi, Pan Shi was dismissed by Hai Rui. Xu Shi, who was subsequently married, bore two daughters for Hai Rui, but because the children were not sons, they were also not tolerated by the Xie clan and expelled from the family.
The third lady, Wang Shi, died violently after marriage, and the day before Wang's death, one of his concubines hanged herself. Some people suspect that Hai Rui killed his wife, and at that time, the rumors were boiling, and then it was not resolved.
In his later years, Hai Rui took another concubine, and the life of this concubine was relatively better. The reason is simple, at this time, Hai Rui's mother Xie Shi has died.
It can be said that of the five women who married Harry, four of them ended up miserable. Hai Rui's treatment of his wife and concubine can be described as extremely thin.
Xie's abuse of his daughter-in-law is clear, because he did not have a son to continue the fireworks. At the age of thirty or forty, Hai Rui still slept in the same room with his mother, waiting for his mother's orders at any time, as long as it was requested by his mother Xie Shi, Hai Rui would unconditionally obey.
Even more frightening is the way Harry treats her daughter. The male servant of the house gave Harry a piece of bread for her five-year-old daughter, who ate it happily. When Harry saw it, he jumped like a thunderbolt and angrily scolded his daughter for losing face, "No longer my daughter." The five-year-old daughter stopped eating and starved to death. The biggest possibility is that no one will give her anything to eat again. Although men and women are not intimate, Harry's moral concept is too extreme, to the point of inhumanity.
Hai Rui's life seems to me to be summed up in two words: qing and stupid.
He was a clean official, and the eyes of the masses were shining, calling him "Hai Qingtian". When the news of Hai Rui's death came out, the people of Nanjing went on strike, and when his lingshu was transported back to his hometown by boat, the people who paid tribute to the weeping and praying reached a hundred miles.
He is a fool, in view of the corruption of the Ming Dynasty's officialdom to the extreme, he wants "everyone is drunk and I wake up alone", he wants to use his own strength to save the ming dynasty's clean and upright, he wants to awaken the dim-witted Jiajing Emperor, however, his foolish loyalty has not been exchanged for the Ming Dynasty's ZTE.
He is a fool and filial piety, his filial piety has no bottom line, and his discipline of his wife and children has carried out Cheng Zhu Lixue's teachings of "strictly observing women's morality" to the extreme, and finally left the reputation of "divorcing his wife and abusing his daughter".
If you want to know more about humanistic history, poetry and song, please pay attention to the major platforms "Ruosen knows"