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At present, sunflowers in some parts of Xinjiang and Gansu have entered the sowing stage, and other regions will also be sown. In order to guide sunflower production in various regions, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the Oil Expert Guidance Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have formulated technical guidance for sunflower production in 2020.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > a reasonable rotation, preferably good seeds</h1>
Sunflowers should not be continuous cropping, heavy stubble, stubble will lead to excessive consumption of soil nutrients, parasitic weeds and diseases and insect pests are aggravated, it is recommended to implement at least three years of rotation, the former stubble to wheat, flax, corn, sorghum is appropriate. According to the natural ecological conditions, production conditions and market demand, all localities select excellent varieties with suitable ripening period, disease resistance, strong stress resistance and good commerciality. Parasitic weeds are selected in areas of severe occurrence, and resistant varieties are selected. Purchase seeds from formal seed supply channels, and understand the registration of varieties and the effect of production and application in advance.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > sown at the right time and de-densified appropriately</h1>
To ensure that the foot ridge is sown in a timely manner, the northwest sunflower planting area is sown early in spring, and it is necessary to prevent spring cold as the mainstay, and the sowing period can be appropriately postponed according to weather changes; the dryland area should do a good job of pre-sowing protection, and improve the sowing quality by covering the film to grab the sowing or increasing the water retention agent; drip irrigation planting area, drip irrigation and seedling preservation after sowing. Under the premise of ensuring normal maturity, appropriate postponement of the sowing period can reduce the incidence of sunflower verticillium wilt and sclerotia, and reduce the harm of sunflower borer. According to the characteristics of the variety and the planting method, the appropriate planting density is adopted, and the planting methods such as large and small rows, large ridge single rows, and two-than-empty can be adopted according to the actual local situation. Appropriate reduction of planting density and the use of intercropping and intercropping with dwarf crops can reduce the incidence of verticillium wilt and sclerotia, and at the same time can improve yield and grain commerciality.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > prevention is the mainstay, green prevention and control</h1>
Adhere to the prevention of the main, the combination of prevention and control, focusing on the prevention and control of sunflower sclerotia, verticillium wilt, rust, leaf spot disease, sunflower borer and sunflower ledang. Agricultural control measures such as deep ploughing, reasonable crop rotation, timely and late sowing, reasonable dense planting, and increased application of organic fertilizers are adopted, and biocontrol agents and chemical agents can be used to mix seeds before sowing. The control of Ledan can be rationally sprayed with attractant inhibitors at the seedling stage. Achieve green prevention and control, comprehensive prevention and control, and reduce the use of chemical pesticides. Reduce irrigation in the later stage, or a small number of drip irrigation to reduce the occurrence of disc rot. Sunflowers enter the late stage of budding, we should pay attention to the harm of thrips, reduce the occurrence of grain rust spots, and advocate biological control.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > scientific fertilization and rational irrigation</h1>
Choose the right fertilizer and the right fertilization technology to achieve balanced fertilization. The use of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer combined application, the yield increase effect is good; the appropriate application of potassium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer and other trace element fertilizers, is conducive to improving the yield and quality of sunflowers. According to the sunflower water demand law and the actual situation of timely watering, the water demand from seedling to bud stage is small, appropriate drought is conducive to squatting seedlings and strengthening stalks, promoting root development; budding to flowering period is a critical period of water and fertilizer management, to ensure the timely supply of water and fertilizer; flowering to maturity depending on the actual situation, in case of drought, it is necessary to water again to improve the fruiting rate and seed kernel rate, improve yield, but to prevent lodging.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > strengthen management and harvest in a timely manner</h1>
During the flowering period, auxiliary pollination should be strengthened to improve the fruit setting rate, artificial auxiliary pollination or bees can be used for pollination, and bees can be used for pollination when the planting area is large. Sunflowers should be harvested in time when they are ripe, generally 40-45 days after flowering, the upper leaves of the flower disc and the stem become yellow, the bracts are yellowish brown, the lower leaves can be harvested when they dry off and fall off, and the harvested flower tray should be spread out and dried in time to prevent mildew, and must be dried in time after threshing. Areas with conditions can choose mechanical harvesting according to the characteristics of varieties, grain moisture content, etc.
Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs website