Sunflowers, also called sunflowers, can be processed into snacks or used to press oil. Oil residue can also be used as feed and is one of the traditional cash crops. So how to densely plant sunflowers? How do I choose seeds? When is the best time to sow?
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > seed selection</h1>
1. Variety selection: Choose excellent varieties with strong stress resistance, good yield and suitable for local ecological conditions, such as kale no. 1, kale no. 2, kale no. 3, etc., or other varieties suitable for local cultivation.
2. Seed quality: seed purity is higher than 98%, clarity is greater than 98%, germination rate is higher than 90%, and water content is not higher than 15%.
3. Seed selection: 4 to 5 days before sowing, select sunflower seeds, remove stray grains, deflection grains and small grains, and then dry seeds for 2 to 3 days to increase the vitality of seeds, improve germination rate and germination potential.
4. Seed treatment: soak the seeds with 25 ~ 30 ° C warm water for 3 to 4 hours before sowing, or soak the seeds with cold water for 6 hours, fish out and dry, stack at 15 ~ 20 ° C for a day and night, and some seed coats can be sown.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > land selection, stubble selection and land preparation</h1>
1. Land selection: Choose plots with deep tillage layer, flat terrain, good drainage and rich organic matter content.
2. Stubble selection: Cereal crops are good precursors for sunflowers. The general rotation period in production is 5 to 7 years. Avoid heavy and stubble.
3. Land preparation
3.1 Autumn rolling ridge: it is advisable to turn the living soil layer 25 to 30 cm, it is advisable to plough 20 to 25 cm deep, and the deep pine is 30 to 40 cm. To achieve no leakage of cultivation, no ridge, timely application of farm manure or green manure ridges, timely suppression after ploughing.
3.2 Autumn turning spring ridge: on the basis of autumn turning, early spring thawing 14cm in time, ridge suppression, strict prevention of running ridge.
3.3 Deep pine ridge: First pine original ridge ditch and then break the original ridge to form a new ridge and suppress it in time.
3.4 Rotary tillage ridge: suitable for soybeans, potatoes, corn, millet stubble. In early spring, when the thaw is more than 14 cm, the ridge is raised after rotational tillage, and it should be suppressed in time.
fertilize < h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" ></h1>
1. Farm manure: combined with the application of decomposed high-quality farm manure per hectare of land preparation 30 to 40 cubic meters.
2. Green manure: combined with the preparation of the land, a sufficient amount of approved green manure is applied.
3. Fertilizers
3.1 Nitrogen fertilizer: 100-150 kg of urea per hectare during the sunflower budding stage, eliminate the use of nitrate nitrogen, and the last topdressing must be carried out 30 days before harvesting.
3.2 Phosphate fertilizer: 60~75kg of phosphorus pentoxide is applied per hectare, combined with the whole land as the bottom fertilizer or seed fertilizer.
3.3 Potassium fertilizer: 35~50kg potassium oxide is applied per hectare, combined with land preparation as bottom fertilizer or seed fertilizer.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > sown at the right time</h1>
1. Sowing period: When the soil layer temperature of 5cm is stable at 8~10 °C for 3~5d continuously. Our place is usually from May 15 to May 20.
2. Sowing method: implement artificial on-demand sowing on ridges, or use ploughs to open ditches and then use manual on-demand sowing. Arid plots are planed and water-filled.
3. Sowing method
3.1 Artificial germination of seeds: plots with soil moisture content of less than 20% sit on water seeds, and when the soil moisture content is higher than 22%, live seeding.
3.2 Sow on the ridge on the mechanical fine point (hole).
4. Sowing depth: Sowing depth of 6 ~ 7cm, so that the depth is consistent, the soil cover is uniform, and it reaches 4~ 5cm after suppression.
5. Sowing density: ridge spacing 65cm, two ridges and one ridge, plant spacing 50cm.
6. Sowing amount
6.1 Artificial on-demand: 3 to 4 seeds per sown.
6.2 Mechanical sowing: 12.5~15kg per hectare.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > field management</h1>
1. Inter-seedlings: Immediately after the emergence of a pair of true leaves, the seedlings are cleared immediately, and when two pairs of true leaves are grown, the seedlings are fixed, and one strong seedling is left for each one.
2. Weeding in the middle of farming: it must be done three times and three times. The first time in the middle of the plough should be early, when the seedlings have two pairs of true leaves, they can be carried out, and the conditional plots should be implemented with deep pine. Shovel every 10d or so after the end of the head shovel and take the grass in time.
3. Irrigation: Timely and appropriate irrigation according to crop growth, especially in case of drought during the budding and flowering periods, timely irrigation should be carried out.
4. Punching: The small branches that grow at the axils of the sunflower leaves and the invalid small flower plates next to the flower plates should be removed in time.
5. Artificial pollination: A puff made of soft gauze, cotton or sponge, after the dew dries in the morning, gently touch the flower plate in turn. Bees can also be used for assisted pollination, with 15 boxes of bees per hectare.
6. Pest control
6.1 Prevention and control of sclerotia: rotation can be taken for more than 5 years, and with chemical control. Net seeding with 0.5% of the seed amount of PeCNitrobenzene or 0.5% of the seed amount of sclerotium.
6.2 Prevention and treatment of brown spot disease: disease-resistant varieties can be selected; Implement crop rotation; Autumn deep ploughing; Clean the countryside; Increase the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and other prevention and control.
6.3 Control of sunflower borer: When the sunflower borer adults are in full bloom, 90 red-eyed bee cards are used per hectare, and the intervals are evenly distributed in two stages at intervals of 3d, and the bees are pinned to the back of the leaves with a paper clip when the bees are released. In the larval stage (early August), spray 2 times per hectare with 90% dimethodia wettable powder 500 to 1000 times, imitating more than 90%.
6.4 Control of grass pest sunflower ledang: Sunflowers grow slowly after being parasitized by ledang, the plant becomes smaller, the flower disc does not grow much, and the seeds are empty, thus reducing yield and quality. There are several methods of prevention and control:
6.4.1 Do a good job in the quarantine of sunflower seeds, and do not allow reproduction and transfer of sunflower seeds on the plots where there are growing fields.
6.4.2 Rotation control shall not allow the planting of sunflowers for 10 years on plots where there have been parasitic fields.
6.4.3 Artificial weeding When the sunflowers are flowering, it is precisely when the lotus is excavated in large quantities, and artificial weeding should be carried out 1 to 2 times to remove the liedan seedlings.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > harvested</h1>
Harvesting occurs when the sunflower ripening rate reaches more than 90%. After harvesting, it should be dried in time, and ensure that there is no contact with diseased and toxic substances to ensure product quality and hygiene.