(1) Wang Peng transported his people
The word was learned in the late Qing Dynasty, the most famous is the Lingui School of Words, the main figures of this school are Wang Pengyun, Zheng Wenzhuo, Zhu Zumou, Guan Zhouyi and others, also known as the "Four Great Poets of the Late Qing Dynasty", although this identification has different voices, limited in space, so it will not be discussed one by one here. However, one thing can be confirmed is that Wang Pengyun's contribution to the Lingui School of Words, in addition to the lyrics, he is also the organizer of the school.
Statue of Wang Pengyun in The Rongshan Lake Scenic Area of Guilin (Image from "Baidu Tourism: Guilin New Century")
Wang Pengyun was born in Guilin and lived in his hometown until he was ten years old. In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), he followed his father to the place of office in Jiangxi. In the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870), he was selected in the examination, and then went to Beijing to take the entrance examination, although he did not pass the examination, he stayed in Beijing. During this time, he began to fill in the words. In the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), he was re-awarded the title of Cabinet Secretary, ten years later he was promoted to Cabinet Attendant, and ten years later, he was promoted to Inspector of Jiangxi Province.
Wang Pengyun's personality is quite Gengjie, and he has also offended many people for this. When Empress Dowager Cixi wanted to rebuild the Yuanmingyuan with a large amount of money, Wang Pengyun resolutely stopped this matter, and his practice made Empress Dowager Cixi very unhappy, and she almost caused herself to be killed. Later, the failure of the Wushu reform method also caused Wang Pengyun to have a great sense of disillusionment, and he once wrote a poem "Xihe Yantai Huaigu Uses Beauty into Jinling Huaigu Rhyme":
Ranger Land. River and mountain shadow also remembered. The vast wind is pale and the state is dark and dusty. Menghua who said rise and fall, the west mountain is thick and green.
The sword song is strong, empty and self-reliant. West flying day is difficult to tie. Jagged smoke trees hide their edges, and thistle gates are abandoned. The broken monument looked at the kings, and the green shirts and tears were like water.
Drinking and hitting the old city, it is Jinggao, singing and crying in the countryside. There is no question of what is going on under the eyes. And Lu Gou cold moon, wordless sorrow, easy water Xiao Xiao sad wind.
Wang Pengyun was born in a chaotic world, patriotic feelings could not be implemented, and the depression accumulated in his heart for this became the main style of his words. Wang Pengyun felt that it was difficult to express his desire to serve the country, so he turned south and left the imperial court. On the way south, he passed through Kaifeng, Henan, and then made a special detour to Zhuxian Town to worship Yue Fei Temple, where he also specially filled in a poem "Man Jiang Hong":
Hooded dust shirt, heavy worship, Under the Zhu Xian Ancestral Hall. Still as if, the heroic spirit meets, and the mind wanders like a first sight. The past is low and windy, and the new sorrows are talking about the rivers and rivers. More ho kan, snow snot read inscription poems, and the stele was beaten.
Yellow Dragon Finger, Gold Medal Sub. Shadows, vicissitudes. To the smoke and sunset, it seems to smell. Qi Zhen Jiao Lan wanted to save, and the sad life drummed up the people of Juju Society. Caress the long pine, Yu Lu recognizes the south branch, and the cold waves are diarrhea.
Wang Pengyun's style of words, Zheng Yimei said in the "Trivia of the Art Garden": "Wang Bantang Jiancang, Zheng Uncle asked Gong Jun, Zhu Guwei and Ya. The word "Jiancang" is used here to summarize the overall style of Wang Pengyun's style of words, but its statement seems to be less clear than chen Rui's words in the "Words and Sayings of Bao bi Zhai": "Wang You's words, such as the water of the Yellow River, are full of mud and sand, and those who win with qi are also." It seems that the biggest feature of Wang Pengyun's lyrics is its huge momentum. It can be seen from this that Wang Pengyun learned southern Song poetry in his early years, and in his later years, he chased after the Northern Song Dynasty, which has become the highest level of lyrics in his time.
Wang Pengyun has two "Qinyuan Spring", the first is the question, the next is the answer, which together constitute his expression of the heart of the word:
Before the word ru comes! A cup of Milk Ru, Ru Jing listened! Read a hundred years of song and cry, who knows me? Thousands of autumns are in cahoots, if someone is dirty. The horns are propped up, the cold is in the bones, and the poor sit alone in poetry? Aerial language, ask Qi qing confession? How many degrees of doubt?
Yumei coldly decorated the moss branches, as if laughing at my soul. Sighing spring river flower moon, racing palace body; Chu Mountain wind and clouds, vain words. Painting tiger articles, slaying dragons, and singing business songs into the broken time. Chang'an Mo, listen to the noise of Khotanese drums, how about a good night?
Words to the master, the king is a look, the king is funny. Sigh strong men have ambitions, carving worms and crumbs; small talk is useless, and the dog sneers. Mash musk dust incense, give lan clothes charming, smoke moon article ge ben low. Peaceful business, haiyu emperor animals, courtiers resigned?
Unwarranted surprise is still suspicious, and the Taoist words are also poor people's poems. Laughter steals flowers, irrelevant works; love moves in the flute, talking about sending love. Who sent the heart? Self-contained tongue,000 golden tsuen does not enter. Now and then, if the phase has never been, it is said that there is little humility.
Wang Pengyun wants to use these two songs to tell people that words cannot be regarded as just a small way, because words are also the expression of values.
In fact, organizing a poetry club is also a big expense, so how does Wang Pengyun solve the problem of funding? On this point, Xia Chengtao expressed it in the "Diary of Tianfeng Ge Xuezi", in which he wrote in his diary of March 23, 1939: "Half Tang Xing Wu. His brother-in-law was named Wei Han (伟汉), the character Zhongpei (仲培), the Tongzhi Jia Shu Jinshi (同治甲戌進士), the head of the household department, the official Henan Grain Road, and the eunuch Yu Yu . Bantang Yujing, self-Bong Jifeng. Carriages and horses live in the room, all gorgeous. Yunnan Ujin is used as a smoking utensil, worth hundreds of gold. The cost of its profligate inscription is taken from the middle brother, and the annual demand is ten thousand gold. ”
It turned out that Wang Pengyun had an older brother named Wang Weihan, who was a rich man, and coupled with Pengyun himself serving in the DPRK, his income was not low, so he used this money to engage in gatherings and engravings. This is also a major contribution of Wang Pengyun to the history of Chinese words, Yan Dichang said in the "History of Qing Words": "The lexicographer has the study of proofreading, which began with Wang Pengyun. It is precisely because of this that Wang Pengyun has made great efforts in proofreading the lexicon, and now these lexicons he has published have been completely preserved, which has also caused a boom in the collection of lexicons, and this aftershock has not rested to this day.
(2) Looking for Wang Pengyun
Wang Pengyun's former residence is located in Yanhuaitang, West Garden, Rongshan Lake Scenic Area, Xiufeng District, Guilin City, which is the location I found from the data, and two days before I arrived in Guilin, I sent this address to Teacher Xu Junxia. When we met in Guilin, she told me that she had asked many people, and none of them had heard that there was a West Garden Yanhuai Hall in the scenic spot. On the third day in Guilin, in addition to Teacher Xu, two other teachers, Lu Chaoyang and Ma Yanchao of Guangxi Normal University Publishing House, jointly took me on a search, and neither of them had ever heard of such a location, so they decided to go to the Rongshan Lake Scenic Area to look for it.
Seal in the yard (photos of the scene of this article are provided by the author)
The place to eat at noon is in the Ronghu Hotel by the Ronghu Lake, which I am quite familiar with, because the first two times I came to Guilin have lived here, but I did not know that there was a rather local dining place next to it, and after eating, I began to look for it in the courtyard. Although the scenery here is still the same, I still have a special sense of curiosity, because there are many landscape stones in the courtyard, and these stone surfaces are all engraved seals, and it is a novel practice to decorate the courtyard with seals as the theme, I saw Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong and other famous artists here, of course, I did not come here to worship them.
At the side door of the Ronghu Hotel, I saw the Ronghu Art Museum, which I had never noticed before, Ma Yanchao walked into the museum and asked, and then he said that some people said that this West Garden may be the former residence of Bai Chongxi next to it. I had been to this former residence last time, but I didn't want to have anything to do with Wang Pengyun, so I went straight inward to ask.
The gate of Bai Chongxi's former residence
On the left side of the entrance to the former residence is a small independent building, Lu Chaoyang said that this is the former residence management room, but at this time it is noon, the gate is locked, so I waited straight into the courtyard. Now the courtyard has built an elegant hotel, into the lobby to ask the front desk staff whether this hotel ruins are related to Wang Pengyun, the young waiter does not know who Wang Pengyun is, but she enthusiastically invited an elderly person from behind, who carefully looked at my search directory, and then seriously told me that he has worked here for many years, but has never heard of the name Wang Pengyun.
Since this is the case, I can only die of this, and the three friends comforted me not to worry, and then they will learn the details through other friends, maybe I will be able to get the exact result the next time I come to Guilin. Think about it, yesterday Xu Junxia had already taken me to find Wang Pengyun's tomb, at least in Guilin, and had found traces, so I put my mind at ease.
Wang Pengyun's tomb is located in Yucai Primary College in Qixing District, Guilin City. Xu Junxia said that although Wang Pengyun's cemetery is in this primary school, because of the issue of ownership, the school is reluctant to let outsiders enter the campus to see the tomb, so she has several layers of relationships until yesterday morning, and she did not get the consent of the school until yesterday morning. Think about it, the benefits of having friends are here. In my experience, it is very difficult to go into the elementary school to search for the ruins, and since you have agreed, you should hit the iron while it is hot and visit it immediately.
You have to learn to walk
Through the long quarry, to the second lane of Qixing Road, probably in time for the end of school, there are many parents at the door to pick up their children, Xu Junxia called a teacher in the school, and the two of us waited at the school gate. I noticed that on the slope at the door were some ancient seal characters carved on cement, which had been filled with vermilion paint and looked quite bright, and it seemed that this school was to let children have a sense of learning when they walked. The house number on the side wall states that the school is "16 Yucai Road".
A few minutes later, a capable male teacher came out of the school, Xu Junxia greeted him and introduced me to me, the one in front of me was Teacher Chen Minghua of Yucai Primary School, Teacher Chen took the two of us into the campus, he introduced the situation as he walked. Teacher Chen spoke quite bluntly, he said that the place where the primary school was located was originally a large area of mass graves, in order to expand the campus, the school had issued a notice to let people move the graves, most of these graves were cleared, and only Wang Pengyun's tomb was difficult to move because it was a cultural celebrity, and then after several negotiations, the tomb was finally enclosed with a wall.
Entrance to Xingzhi Garden
Passing through the school building, behind it is a playground, and on the right side of the playground there is indeed a wall, which is painted with colorful pictures, and the plants inside look quite lush. Walking through the playground, there is another teaching building in front of you. Teacher Chen said that this area is the mass graves, and such a building was built after it was moved. On the side of the building is the entrance to Wang Pengyun Cemetery.
At the entrance is a large closed iron gate, and when Teacher Chen opened the door with the key, I noticed that there was an arched plaque above the door, which read "Yuzhi Garden". Xu Junxia asked me what I meant by this, in fact, I couldn't guess what these three words had to do with Wang Pengyun, because I knew that Wang's hall name was "Four Seals Zhai", so did he change it to this name after he returned to Guilin? However, thinking about it, this was his cemetery, not the ruins of his former residence, and perhaps these three words had another way of saying it, so he asked Teacher Chen for advice. He glanced at it, smiled for a moment, and then said: This place is called "Xingzhi garden", but the first word "彳" has fallen off. Hearing what he said, I laughed with Xu Junxia, and I was glad that I didn't force anyone to explain.
The Wenbao plaque reads "Tomb of Wang Bantang"
The open door is directly up the stone steps, the top of the steps is a flat land, and in front of the flat ground is a circle of walls, it seems that inside is the scope of Wang Pengyun Cemetery. Climbing the steps, the first thing you see is the Wenbao plaque, which reads "Tomb of Wang Bantang". Generally speaking, the Wenbao plate will directly indicate the name of the tomb owner, and it is rare for those who use the font size, and the use here is quite rare. Teacher Chen first led the two of us around the cemetery for half a circle, saying that this was originally a practice place for students to do their extracurricular work. Sure enough, I saw a few small fields that had been cultivated on the side, but now it was deserted. Teacher Chen explained that because snakes were found here, the school leaders were worried that the students would be in danger, so they no longer cultivated it.
His words made me and Xu Junxia vigilant, especially in this area of wild grass, if you step on the snake's body, I am afraid that something big will really happen. But on second thought, it was already winter, and even if there were snakes, they should have burrowed into the underground caves, but I wasn't sure if the southern snakes also had the habit of hibernating.
Tomb of Wang Pengyun and his wife
Walking into the cemetery, the ground here has been hardened. Teacher Chen said that the renovation here is paid for by the school, and the relevant departments have not allocated fees. He also said that Wang Pengyun's descendants would come to worship every year, they would set off firecrackers here, but after leaving, they did not clean up, and the school was worried about fire, so after each worship, they would carefully clean the place.
There are two tombs at the back of the cemetery. Viewed from the outside, the two tombs are identical, with only slight differences in size. Both tombs have a one-meter-high stone stripe skirt with an exposed roof and some wild grass on them. Teacher Chen said that these two tombs may be crown tombs, but I think that since there is a determination of the cultural protection department, it at least shows that it has a close relationship with Wang Pengyun.
Tomb of Wang Pengyun
The tomb on the right is Wang Pengyun, because the tombstone is engraved with his official title, and its fall is "Guangxu Thirty-two Years", while the left is the tomb of his wife. However, there was a tree on the top of Wang Pengyun's tomb that had been cut down, and I asked Teacher Chen for advice: Why cut down this tree? He said that the trees on the tomb grew larger and larger, and they would crack the stone strips on the tomb. Turn to the back of this tomb, and it is exactly as it says. Teacher Chen told me that the school asked the worker to cut down the tree, and the worker asked for an extra five hundred yuan, because most people were reluctant to cut down the tree on the tomb. It seems that this is also a custom.
After taking pictures of Wang Pengyun Cemetery, on the way out of the campus, I saw the students on the playground happily exercising, and I asked Teacher Chen for advice: Do the students of this school know that Wang Pengyun is a big lyricist? He said that the school has education in this area, and the students are aware of it. Thinking of this layer, I am also very pleased: if there is such a big celebrity's relic in the school, how much topic has been added to the students, maybe a certain student is determined to become a big word!
Guilin Gulian Culture Street
Before entering the campus, I noticed that a small road on the right side of the school has a lot of antique buildings, Xu Junxia told me that this is an ancient cultural street built locally, after walking out of the campus, I still remember this street, if I really saw many statues here, and the high relief on the wall is related to the local historical story, along this one by one to see the past, it is really a display of the overall historical style of Guilin, I also saw Chen Hongmou here. Looking all the way, this street is actually hundreds of meters long. At the top of the road, I met a fruit stall, where a large bundle of sugar cane attracted me, so I bought one, took a bite, and my mouth was full of sweetness, Xu Junxia stood there staring straight at me, maybe there was no transition belt between them, so she couldn't adjust the channel for a while.