Li Zicheng is a very famous leader of the peasant rebel army in China's history, and a very important reason why he can attract people's attention is that he led his army into Beijing and destroyed the Ming Dynasty. Although he only occupied the city of Beijing for a few months, Li Zicheng's achievements were enough to make him famous in the annals of history.
As a low-level person from a poor background who had been a shepherd and a monk since childhood, Li Zicheng was able to establish the Dashun regime, naturally without the help of others. Among the many of his subordinates, there was one person whose contribution was the most prominent, and it can be said that without him, Li Zicheng could not have become emperor at all, and this person was Li Yan, an important general and strategist in the rebel army. However, Li Yan did his best for Li Zicheng, but in the end he was framed and died by the villain, which was really regrettable and sad.
Wei Zhongxian
Li Yan, whose original name was Li Xin, was born in QiXian County, Kaifeng Province, Henan, at the end of the Ming Dynasty. According to legend, his father was Li Jingbai, who had been the governor of Shandong and the shangshu of the military department, who had outstanding political achievements during his tenure, but because he was impeached and lost his official position by the Donglin party to please Wei Zhongxian, the Li family also declined a lot under this influence. If this statement is true, then Li Yan's origin is also relatively superior, but although this statement is found in the "History of Ming", it has been widely questioned because the local chronicle cannot be found and there are many doubts, and it is not recognized by most people.
In the seventh year of the Apocalypse (1672), Li Yankao passed the examination at a young age, which can also show his intelligence. After zhongju, he did not continue to participate in the imperial examination, but threw himself into the practice of heroic righteousness, he helped the people in difficulty around him, made friends with many jianghu people, and became a good person near and far, and people called him "Li Gongzi". Because he often took out his own stored grain to help the hungry, people who were favored by him thanked him one after another and said: "Li Gongzi lives me."
After Li Zicheng led his army into Henan, Li Yan, who was already dissatisfied with the rule of the Ming court, joined the rebel army, and he and Li Zicheng hated each other and talked happily, and were soon regarded as confidants by the latter. In order to better develop the team, Li Yan put forward many suggestions. First of all, we must respect the wise and heavy soldiers, as the famous Eastern Han Dynasty general Ma Yuan said, in the chaotic world, "not only the king chooses the subject, but the subject also chooses the king." If you show respect for talents, then more talents are willing to take the initiative to defect, otherwise, talents will choose to serve the imperial court and become a stumbling block to the development of the rebel army.
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Second, we must attach importance to people's hearts. As the saying goes, those who win the hearts and minds of the people win the world, and in the case that the people have long been dissatisfied with the rule of the Ming court, if they want to win their full support, they must change their past habits of exile, and people cannot feel that there is no hope for choosing anyone. Therefore, even if it is superficially pretending to be benevolent, it is necessary to be in place and gain more support.
In order to win the hearts and minds of the people, in addition to restraining the soldiers and prohibiting them from burning and looting, public opinion is also very important, and Li Yan, who is well aware of this truth, took the initiative to go out and widely publicized in the people that Li Zicheng's troops are benevolent and righteous teachers who have no offense with Minqiu. In addition, slogans such as "slaughtering cattle and sheep, preparing wine and pulp, opening the city gate to welcome the king, and not paying grain when the king comes" are inflammatory, concise and easy to understand, and easy to be accepted by people are also from Li Yan's hand.
Under the efforts of Li Yan, people's attitude towards Li Zicheng and the rebels changed from fear to "fear of self-achievement". With a mass base, Li Zicheng's power naturally grew rapidly, and soon he marched forward in the battle against the imperial court. In the first month of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng proclaimed himself emperor in Xi'an, established the Dashun regime, and then invaded Beijing in March, ending the 276-year rule of the Ming Dynasty.
In Li Yan's eyes, the capture of Beijing was only a goal of one stage, but Li Zicheng regarded it as the end point, so he began to be satisfied and could no longer listen to the advice of others. As a result, Li Yan's suggestions of recruiting Wu Sangui and rectifying the soldiers and horses to prepare for the next battle with the Qing soldiers were ignored by Li Zicheng, which directly caused Wu Sangui to lure the Qing troops into the customs, and Li Zicheng was defeated one after another, and he had no choice but to abandon Beijing and flee south in a hurry.
With the continuous defeat, the rebel army can be said to be centrifugal up and down, like Li Zicheng's important strategist Song Xiance, who believes that Li Zicheng is not the real lord, and intends to support Li Yan as the new leader. However, at this time, Li Yan was still loyal and offered to lead 20,000 troops to Henan to stabilize the situation and calm the opposition. However, at this time, Li Zicheng believed that Li Yan was planning to support the army and stand on his own, so he secretly consulted with the strategist Niu Jinxing to kill him to avoid any trouble.
After some planning, Niu Venus openly invited Li Yan to the tent to drink, but in fact secretly ambushed the soldiers, and ordered them to rush up to kill them while they were drinking. In this way, the most important help in Li Zicheng's career was removed by his own fingers, and he completely lost the only subordinate who sincerely served him.
In the end, Song Xiance fled, Niu Venus descended, and Li Zicheng, a lonely man, was killed by the local militia in Hubei. Originally, Li Zicheng was likely to copy the story of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor, and open up the dynasty as a cloth, but he destroyed the Great Wall, not only did not listen to Li Yan's advice, but also killed him, which can be said to be the strength of the interpretation of what is called self-destruction.