A parasite that has never gone away
With the improvement of our living standards and the improvement of our living environment, we think that the parasite has left us, and we do not know that the army of parasites is lurking in a corner waiting for an opportunity, or it has settled in a certain part of our body, at this time we may not know or have only slight discomfort, it is absolutely unimaginable that we have uninvited guests in our bodies, this is because the parasites in the long-term mutual adaptation process with the host, some can escape the immune effect of the host, this phenomenon is called " immune evasion".
In the face of such a cunning parasite, we only need a microscope, some salt water, and a few slides to make these uninvited guests appear in their original form.
Tools for identifying parasites: ordinary microscopes and slides
The parasites we find in our daily work: protoplasma dolce, intracolonal amoeba, Giardia lannis, etc. are more common, and cattle tapeworm and pinworm are more common.
Parasite picture appreciation
Human bud cyst protozoa sac
Protoplasma manneus: epidemiological findings are immunocompromised and poorly hygienic, and people who eat contaminated water and food are more susceptible to infection, for transmission by the fecal-oral route. Most patients with human Blastocystis infection have no obvious clinical symptoms, and a few will have gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, changes in the frequency of stools, etc., and severe acute patients may have watery diarrhea, fever, etc.;
Amoeba protozoa sac
Amoeba: There are many kinds of amoeba, of which the most common in the intestine is intracolonal amoeba, which is a non-pathogenic comorbid protozoa. It generally parasitizes in the colon but does not invade tissues, and infected people have no obvious clinical symptoms.
Adult pinworms
Cattle with tapeworm eggs
Pinworms: Itching and inflammation of the skin in the anus and perineum caused by female egg laying are the main symptoms. In addition, patients may have symptoms such as nocturnal teeth grinding, irritability, insomnia, and loss of appetite, and the infection in children is higher than that in adults, which is a fecal-oral route infection.
Tapeworm: Tapeworm cattle and tapeworm are common in our region. It is usually infected by eating raw or undercooked pork (rice pork) containing cysts . Adult infections are usually absent from obvious clinical manifestations, and patients are only seen when they stumble upon a segment in the stool. Cysticercosis caused by larvae is more severe, resulting in mass lesions, the degree of harm varying depending on the number and location of the human parasite.
Susceptible people
1. Pregnant women with cats, dogs and other pets at home should regularly check for parasites or avoid contact with pets.
2. People who eat seafood, sashimi, barbecue or have an unclean diet should seek medical treatment in time if they have digestive symptoms after eating to rule out the possibility of parasitic infection.
3. Children and people with low immunity or immunosuppression are susceptible to parasites, and if they are not adapted, they should go to the hospital for examination in time.
4. For some people who have a history of contact with the epidemic area, if they have symptoms such as fever, vomiting, diarrhea, etc., they should consult a doctor in time.
Requirements for sample collection at the time of consultation
1. Fresh feces should be taken, put in a clean, dry and water-free covered container, and must not be mixed with urine, water or other substances, so as not to destroy the formation, so that pathogenic bacteria die and contaminate saprophytic protozoa, fungal spores, plant species, pollen is easy to confuse the test results.
2. When collecting specimens, use a clean bamboo skewer to select feces containing mucus, pus and blood lesions; Stool with no abnormal appearance must be taken from multiple places on the surface, deep and at the end of the stool, in an amount at least the size of the end of the thumb.
3. After the specimen is collected, the general situation should be checked within 1 hour, otherwise it can be decomposed due to the influence of PH and digestive enzymes.
4. For the initial screening of some parasites and eggs, "three sends and three tests" should be taken because there is a phenomenon of periodic exclusion of some intestinal protozoa and some worm eggs.
5. Examination of parasitic protozoa such as amoebic trophozoites from feces should be sent for examination within 30 minutes of collecting specimens, and attention should be paid to heat preservation.
Parasite control:
The prevention and control of parasites should mainly focus on prevention, understanding the infection routes of different parasites and taking effective control measures in time can effectively avoid parasite infection:
1. Most parasites are infected by mouth, you should pay attention to hand hygiene to change poor living habits, and insist on washing your hands before eating.
2. Control insects from the mouth to do not hunt, do not eat raw, do not eat unclean food, cut vegetables raw and cooked to separate, fruits should be eaten after cleaning, do not go to improper places to buy seafood, meat and other products.
3. Protect water sources and prevent and control pollution of animal manure.
4. Divide the activity area of people from livestock, and wash your hands in time after touching livestock.
5. When raising pets at home, you should go to the pet hospital regularly for examination, and do not contact pets of unknown origin or in the wild.
6. Once the parasite is excreted from the body, it should be treated in time.
epilogue
Due to the regional variation in the distribution of parasitic diseases, many parasitic diseases are zoonotic. Therefore, in the plateau area where the author is located, the proportion of ethnic minorities is relatively high, and some ethnic minorities are mainly engaged in the development of animal husbandry, coupled with the relatively poor sanitary conditions of people's lives, the awareness of handwashing is weak, the management of water sources is not standardized, there are people and livestock sharing water sources, direct drinking of raw water, eating air-dried meat, etc., so the parasites such as cattle tapeworms and echinococcal larvae are more common. Therefore, we must attach importance to the prevention and diagnosis and treatment of parasites, increase the intensity of publicity, and start from the three aspects of infection source, transmission route, and susceptible populations to control the spread of parasitic diseases and ensure the health of the people.
【Source: Hegang Red Cross Hospital】
Copyright belongs to the original author, a tribute to the original