The Loess Plateau is located in the north-central part of China, one of the four major plateaus in China, one of the birthplaces of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation, and also the most concentrated and largest loess area on the earth, with a total area of 640,000 square kilometers, spanning most or one of the seven provinces and regions of Qinghai, Gansu, Ningbo, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Jin and Henan in China, mainly composed of the Shanxi Plateau, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Jin Plateau, the Longzhong Plateau, the Ordos Plateau and the Hetao Plain.
The Loess Plateau is more than 1,000 kilometers long from east to west and 750 kilometers wide from north to south, including a vast area west of the Taihang Mountains in China, east of the Riyue Mountains in Qinghai Province, north of the Qinling Mountains, and south of the Great Wall, located on the second step of China, with an altitude of 800 to 3000 meters. The Loess Plateau belongs to the arid continental monsoon climate zone, and the tectonic units mainly include the Longdong Platform in northern Shaanxi, the Huali West Fold Belt, the Pacific Yanshan Fold Belt, the Longxi Massif, the Zhongtiao Mountain Massif, the Lvliang Mountain Massif and the Sinking Zone downstream of Fenwei, etc., and take the Qinling Axis and the Ordos Plateau as the two major boundaries between the north and the south.
The Loess Plateau is one of the most serious areas of soil erosion and the most fragile ecological environment in the world, the terrain slopes from northwest to southeast, except for many stony mountains, most of which are covered with thick layers of loess, and gradually form a special natural landscape with thousands of ravines and fragmented terrain after long-term strong erosion by flowing water. The landform is undulating, with mountains, hills, plains and wide valleys coexisting, surrounded by mountain systems.
The Loess Plateau is an important energy and chemical base in China. Loess is finely grained, soft, rich in mineral nutrients, and has a long history of reclamation in basins and river valleys. With the exception of a few stony mountains, loess is between 50 and 80 meters thick, with the thickest reaching 150 to 180 meters. The loess plateau gave birth to the unique culture of the loess land, resulting in folk houses represented by "cave dwellings" and folk art represented by Xintianyou and Ansai waist drums.
Use the song method and the illustration method to remember the causes and treatment of soil erosion
The terrain is broken and rainstorm, and the soil is loose and the vegetation is sparse;
Building temples and mining and war, opening up land and mining more thoroughly;
Nature is mainly auxiliary, and the ground erosion is lost.
With the continuous development of the depth and breadth of people's production activities, people's damage to the ecological environment has become more and more serious, accelerating the process of soil erosion. The aggravation and acceleration of soil erosion by human factors such as vegetation destruction, unreasonable farming system (rotational waste), and mining mining are shown in the following figure: