——Dongguan Story in the Context of the Xinhai Revolution (7)
The famous Taiwanese writer Li Ao once said that he was going to write a long historical novel called "The Seventy-third Martyr". People know the Seventy-two Martyrs of Huanghuagang, so who does this "Seventy-third Martyr" refer to?
His name was Mo Jipeng (1891-1972), and he participated in the Huanghuagang Uprising, but was lucky enough to survive.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64" > drama club was dissolved, Shi Long could not find the old house of the Dream Awakening Drama Club</h1>
Mo Jipeng, the character Yufei, once used the name Mo XiaRen, Dongguan Gaobu people. His revolutionary path began on Shilong Zhongshan Road. At that time, Shilong on the side of the East River was one of the four famous towns in Guangdong, "Guangfo Chenlong", and one of the political, economic and cultural centers in the north of Dongguan because of its convenient water and land transportation. To do business on Zhongshan Road in Shilong and to study at Longxi Academy in Shilong are all inevitable choices.
Mo Jipeng and Shi Long's Li Wenfu, Lin Zhimian and Huang Xiayi became classmates here. On the road of democratic revolution, Mo Jipeng, Li Wenfu, Lin Zhimian and Huang Xiayi were brothers and sisters and jointly vowed to fight for the national revolution for life. They set up the "Awakening Heaven Dream Drama Society" in Shilong, a troupe dedicated to the performance of Dongguan historical repertoire, aiming to promote nationalism and inspire people to save the country.
In 1909, the troupe's fame spread far and wide, and Sun Yat-sen in Hong Kong also appreciated their revolutionary spirit and invited them to perform in Hong Kong. Their performance in Hong Kong caused a sensation and was appreciated by Feng Free, a veteran party member of the League, and Mo Jipeng, Mo Xiaren and the brothers of the Awakening Heaven Dream Troupe joined the League and officially embarked on the road of revolution. Later, the actors who performed the drama were introduced, and more than a dozen people from Dongguan compatriots joined the China League Association and became a small revolutionary tributary in Dongguan County. After the Manchu Qing government discovered that the Awakening Heaven Dream Drama Society would have a close relationship with the Chinese alliance, it forcibly disbanded the troupe on the pretext that the troupe intended to rebel.
To this day, Shilong still preserves many revolutionary monuments, such as the Monument to Li Wenfu, but few people know Mo Jipeng well. Today's Shilong Zhongshan West Road is still a bustling and lively street in the town, and the narrow road is lined with old arcade buildings. This was once mo jipeng's residence, but the specific house is now nowhere to be found.
Zhongshan West Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan City
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="63" > publications were banned, and Laoguancheng left their footprints</h1>
Guancheng was another base for Mo Jipeng and his classmates to often engage in revolutionary activities, and those old streets left their footprints of running for revolution. As a young man, Mo Jipeng had shown a strong spirit of democratic struggle.
In a narrow old street called Wanshou Road in Guancheng, there is a school founded in 1906 called Dongguan County Government Higher Primary School (today's Guancheng Central Primary School). At the age of seventeen, Mo Jipeng was admitted to the Dongguan Normal School, where he often ranked first in schoolwork and was highly regarded by the principal and teachers. He gave full play to his literary and ideological strengths and secretly founded the Dongguan Xunxian in Guancheng, which advocated nationalism and revolution. More than a hundred years ago, Mo Jipeng, Lin Zhimian, Li Wenfu, Huang Xiayi and others set up a secret editorial office here to edit and publish the Dongguan Xunxian, which preached the democratic revolution. Because of the promotion of the revolution, this magazine was later banned.
The Local Dongguan Zendo where Mo Jipeng and others founded the Zhenwu Shrine is in the Dongyuan Tea Room on Zhenhua Road in Today's Guancheng. According to Yang Baolin, an expert in literature and history, a vacant lot in front of a public toilet next to the football stadium in Dongguan People's Park was once a position for Mo Jipeng to carry out secret revolutionary activities. At that time, Mo Jipeng had a house here, called "Xiuyuan". Mo Jipeng raised chickens and bees here, these activities are only to cover people's eyes, in fact, Mo Jipeng and other revolutionaries often carry out underground revolutionary activities here. Not many people know the real purpose of Xiuyuan, and no one remembers when Xiuyuan was demolished, but the trees that have grown in this open space have been growing for decades.
Wancheng Wanshou Road
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" > "Dongguan Sanjie" Mo Jipeng, Li Wenfu, lin Zhimian instigated the Guangzhou New Army uprising</h1>
In 1910, Mo Jipeng participated in the Guangzhou New Army (Gengjiao) Uprising, which was his participation in an armed uprising against the Qing Dynasty. As a participant in the uprising, Mo Jipeng later wrote an article entitled "Cadres of the Southern Branch of the League and the Return of the Uprising of the New Army of Gengji": "In July and August 1909, the Southern Branch of the League began to prepare an uprising, and at that time it was decided to send Ni Yingdian of Guangzhou as the leader, with the assistance of Mo Jipeng, Zhu Zhixin, Chen Jiongming, Lin Zhimian and others, and decided to launch an uprising around the Lantern Festival of the Gengji Lunar Calendar. Among them, Mo Jipeng was responsible for the contact work of the new army, during which he and Xu Weiyang went to Huaxian to develop members and organize the establishment of the Fanhua Branch of the Alliance Association, with many franchisees. ”
Unexpectedly, the uprising had already made the Qing army defensive. On February 12, 1910, an unexpected situation occurred in Guangzhou, Ni Yingdian decided to immediately revolt, this sudden advance uprising, the preparation of the new army was very insufficient, the number of people was only more than a thousand, relative to more than 10,000 Qing troops were outnumbered; hastily attacked, the organization was scattered, the bloody battle lasted for two days and two nights, and the uprising ended in failure. Ni Yingdian was sacrificed, and Mo Jipeng, the "Three Masters of Dongguan" in the League, gathered the remnants with Li Wenfu and Lin Zhimian and fought until the ammunition was exhausted, and returned to Hong Kong along the Guangjiu Road.
Guangzhou New Army uprising
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="61" > survived the Huanghuagang Uprising</h1>
On April 27, 1911 (March 19, Xinhai), the World-shocking Huanghuagang Uprising broke out in Guangzhou.
On April 23, four days before the uprising began, Mo Jipeng, Huang Xing, and others signed a letter to Sun Yat-sen in Hong Kong. The letter first reported on the preparations for the uprising. He also had a determination not to be afraid of sacrifice in the uprising. He said in his letter: "Nothing under the heavens will be accomplished, and by virtue of our hearts and minds, the spirit of our people may be able to make up for the inadequacy of material resources." Borrow one behind the city, useless its hesitation. If they do not succeed, they will take the city of Guangzhou as a giant, and bury many very legitimate revolutionary parties inside, and the successors will still not suffer from it. ”
During the Huanghuagang Uprising, Mo Jipeng was elected as the leader of the Third Road Vanguard, and with Xu Weiyang leading a hundred comrades from Guangdong Beijiang to attack the Governor's Training Center, he wrapped his arms around a white scarf and launched an attack on the Governor Yamen. They were facing tens of thousands of troops in the Qing court, and the outcome of success or failure was already expected, and their battle was somewhat ridiculous about Don Quixote's challenge to the windmill, but their pace was so calm.
During the uprising, Mo Jipeng first fought with Yu Peilun at Guanyin Mountain (that is, Yuexiu Mountain), and then joined dan Yanxin and others, turned to Dongcheng to meet the new army, personally led the soldiers, pounced on the governor of Liangguang, Yamen, fought in the alley, and occupied the position of Guanyin Mountain, but later on the way, he was scattered by the Qing court police, Mo Jipeng fought alone for twelve hours, broke out of Guangzhou, and survived nine deaths. He was included in the death squad, but the "daredevil" did not die, and his merits were not inferior to those warriors who rested under the tomb of the Huanghuagang martyrs.
Tomb of the Seventy-two Martyrs of the Huanghuagang Uprising
Huang Xing, the commander-in-chief of the uprising, who had two fingers broken, wrote poignant words for the seventy-two martyrs after escaping from danger:
In the blink of an eye, the yellow flowers look at the hair,
For the sake of the west wind,
Hold the incense for the time being.
To be brewed full of clear dew,
And incense blows on the ruthless tomb.
Looking back at the March twilight of Yangcheng,
Remember flesh and blood.
Breathless.
The matter is lost into the original rat,
The hero was speechless.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" After the Xiangshan Uprising >, he led the Xiang army into Xiguan, Guangzhou</h1>
More than five months later, Mo Jipeng participated in the Xiangshan Uprising.
After the establishment of the Macao League Association, it went all out to prepare for the Xiangshan Uprising, and the new chief allies, Lin Junfu, Mo Jipeng, He Zhen, and Zheng Zhongchao, were responsible for instigating the new army stationed in Qianshan, and Zheng Bi'an was responsible for instigating the defense camps and regimental training stationed in Xiangshan County. There were about 2,000 new troops stationed in Qianshan, they participated in the Guangzhou Uprising of 1910, many of the officers had revolutionary ideas, and the Macau League soon controlled this army, and then controlled the regimental training and the county office.
Unlike the previous two uprisings, this time the Xiangshan Uprising achieved a major victory. On November 2, 1911, the Xiangshan Uprising broke out in Xiaolan, and Mo Jipeng led the members of the Macau League to settle in Qianshan (now Zhuhai) in Xiangshan County on the night of the moon. On November 5 , the New Army of Qianshan revolted at the same time as the regimental heroes of the county seat , and on the same day restored Shiqi , the county seat of Xiangshan County. A military conference was held in Shiqi to discuss and decide to unify the various rebel armies into the "Xiang Army". Mo Jipeng served as chief of staff and was stationed in Xiguan, Guangzhou.
The "Xiang Army" arrived in Guangzhou on November 9, becoming the first rebel army to enter the city. The Xiang army was stationed in Xiguan, and did not commit any crimes against the people, which was welcomed by the citizens of Guangzhou. In his later years, Mr. Hu Hanmin wrote that the Xiangjun was the first righteousness and deserved to be written in a big book.
The initiation point of the Xiangzhou Uprising was Dachong Antang
After the founding of the Republic of China, Mo Jipeng retired from school, studied under the curtain, and founded the "Heart Society" with Liu Shifu and others to advocate world unity and set up a banner in academia. Later, he served as the secretary of the navy under the general of the navy of Cheng Biguang, and the secretary of the governor's office. Chen Jiongming rebelled, Ji Pengfeizhi, and later went to Hong Kong to run the "Datong Bao" and served as the chief writer. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he moved to Chongqing and served as an editor and editor of the Kuomintang Central Committee's Party History Historical Materials Compilation Committee. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, huisui rebuilt the Guangdong Girls' Vocational School in Guangzhou, and founded the Yiwen Middle School (Mo Jipeng's wife Li Yiwen was a student studying in Japan, and Ye Ting's wife Li Xiuwen was a cousin, born in the Qing Dynasty). On the eve of liberation, he went to Taiwan and died of illness on July 27, 1972. He is the author of "History of the Chinese Kuomintang", "Xiuyuan Poetry Draft", "Review of the Cadres of the Southern Branch of the League and the Uprising of the Gengzhi New Army", and "Records of the Bloody Battle of Guangzhou on March 29, Xinhai". Mo calligraphy is skilled, also Lingnan everyone.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="66" > witnessed the history of the Party compiled by the Kuomintang</h1>
Famous Taiwanese writer Li Ao
No wonder, Li Ao wanted to make Mo Jipeng the seventy-third martyr of Huanghuagang. I'm going to write a novel for him!
Fifty years later, on April 27, 1961, Mo Jipeng, who was in Taiwan, said to his descendants: "I am living in the past, living in the revolutionary martyrs, but I am not living in the pile of dead people, they are living people, they are living people, they are still alive, living people, and what they leave me behind is a living dead." ”
"After the fall of the 'Republic of China', he saw its corpse remaining in the air year after year after the fall of the 'Republic of China', and finally saw the decline and fall of Chiang Kai-shek." The old man is not only full of reflection on the xinhai revolution and the policies of the authorities of the Republic of China, but also full of lamentations about his life.
He said: "In fact, from another point of view, the seventy-two martyrs are luckier than me, they have lived fifty years less than me, but they are fortunate not to see the establishment and decline of the 'Republic of China', not to see the comrades' rats and dogs stealing, nor to see the face of the thief of the country, whether it is Chiang Kai-shek's or whose. ...... The seventy-two martyrs are not as bitter as I am, although they have died and been killed in battle, but they have left the world with great expectations, their vision is brilliant, they are in the revolution, the revolution, the youth live in the enthusiasm of the revolution, what a vision. A revolution that has not been stolen is the most beautiful revolution. The more the seventy-two martyrs died, the more I did not die, the more I envied them. ”
Mo Jipeng witnessed the history of the dead, but also witnessed the history of the living. In 1930, Mo Jipeng joined the Committee for the Compilation of Party History Historical Materials, hoping to compile this revolutionary history with his own personal experience, what he saw and heard, and his conscience. But where did he know that in the compiled materials, too much history had nothing to do with the Chinese Kuomintang, but they were all taken in by the Kuomintang.
At that time, after the Kuomintang Northern Expedition, it built a capital in Nanjing, and seeing that it had hit the whole world, it received all the revolutionary figures since the end of the Qing Dynasty to his name.
The Revolutionary Order of Merit Taiyan was greatly dissatisfied with this practice and gave some different opinions. But nothing worked! On the one hand, the Kuomintang erases the history of comrades with different positions; on the other hand, it eats the history of the Kuomintang at all. The most obvious are Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin. They had nothing to do with the Kuomintang, but after their deaths, it seemed that they were all forced into the Kuomintang.
Li Ao's book "73 Martyrs" for the Huanghuagang Uprising