Professor Zhang Wei, China Agricultural University
First, the natural sciences and the social sciences are two different disciplines, and their research methods and research processes are different. The research methods of natural sciences cannot be used to guide or apply the research methods of social sciences, and the research methods of natural sciences cannot be used to judge or judge the research methods of social sciences;
Second, the object of study of natural science is material phenomena, and the object of social science research is spiritual phenomena and social phenomena, and their extension is not the same.
Third, philosophy, in China, although generally belongs to the "social science", philosophy and natural science are different, philosophy and social science are not the same thing; therefore, natural science, social science, philosophy, although there is "overlap", but in general, the three should have their own specific methodology;
Fourth, philosophy belongs to the advanced thinking activities of human beings, and its research objects, contents, and methodologies are influenced by history, culture, traditions, living environment, and even "natural conditions", so the starting point, research objects, contents, and methods are even more "complex and diverse", and neither the methodology of natural science can be copied, nor can the methodology of natural science be used. In studying Chinese philosophy, we should not copy the Western philosophical methodology, but should use our own special methodology:
Fifth, for example, the word "society" is translated from Japan, and Yan Fu translates it as "group". Society is actually a group, and to study the social sciences is actually to study group science. Groups are groups composed of individuals, the spiritual demands of each individual are different, and the groups formed by different individuals, how can their spiritual world find similarities? How can it be the same? Therefore, it should not be confused.
Sixth, the study of Chinese philosophical thought should be clear, China is both the meaning of the region and the region, and at the same time the meaning of nationality. The Chinese nation is different from the French nation and the American nation, their regional, regional, and national nature is not the same, and if they study it in the same way, they will draw some naïve and even ridiculous conclusions. In the development of Chinese philosophy, we must find our own unique methodology.
Seventh, with the development of society, commonalities will become more prominent, and personalities will gradually shrink. In the study of philosophy, there are original discourses, some continue to speak, some change words, and some speak to the stem. We must speak according to it, but we can also talk about it by analogy. That is to say, to study the comparison between ancient times and today, the East and the West, to find a methodology, this is the way to build a methodology for philosophical research with Chinese characteristics. History gives us a good example;
Eighth, next time, we will talk about the relationship between the methodological approaches of Cheng Zhu Lixue and Lu Wangxin.
Ninth, my comments are as follows:
1. Natural science is the study of the laws of the objective material world, and social science is the study of the laws of social (human group) activities, these are tangible things, which can be collectively called "metaphysics" (Chinese philosophy becomes "instrument");
2. Philosophy is the study of human thinking and the general laws of the world, which can be collectively called "metaphysics" (chinese philosophy becomes "Tao");
3. It is generally believed that the instrument is the concrete manifestation of the Tao, and the Tao exists in all things in the world;
4. As mentioned last time, the achievement of philosophical (religious) achievements has two channels: external seeking (gewu zhizhi) and internal seeking (enlightenment);
5. External seeking, generally speaking, is the method of modern philosophical research that is "officially recognized" by the public, and it is also a method we commonly use. This method is traditionally called "seeking truth from facts" in the East and "analytical deduction" in the West;
6, internal seeking, more complex, because there is a "connection" with "metaphysics", do not expand here;
7, modern society, information development, conducive to the exchange of ideas, natural sciences, social sciences, philosophy between the opportunity to "inspire and learn from each other" greatly increased, so there are "interdisciplinary" appeared, such as "physical chemistry, human ecology, political ecology, social statistics, physical anthropology, educational economics..." and so on. In the face of such a "fact" with developed information, the "yes" that philosophers can "seek" is more colorful, the facts, phenomena, and data that can be "analyzed" are more abundant, and the results "deduced" according to logic are richer. Therefore, for more than a hundred years, modern philosophy in the West has been greatly developed;
8. In the past hundred years, China's modern philosophy has been greatly influenced by the West and the former Soviet Union; but China's thousands of years of tradition of "seeking truth from facts", in the face of "three thousand years of great changes" (Li Hongzhang), in order to avoid the danger of "subjugation of the country and extinction of the species", China's "political philosophy" has developed greatly; its direct result is that "the Chinese nation has stood up";
9. After more than 70 years of struggle since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has stood up and become stronger... The future is to move towards rejuvenation, to "get rich", this is a great cause, we need the guidance of great philosophy;
10. Agree with the director's opinion: In the study of philosophy, there are original discourses, some continue to speak, some change words, and some speak to the dry. We must speak according to it, but we can also talk about it by analogy. That is to say, to study the comparison between ancient times and today, the East and the West, to find a methodology, this is the way to build a methodology for philosophical research with Chinese characteristics.
11. The director's opinion is correct: with the development of society, commonality will become more prominent, and personality will gradually shrink.
12. Due to the exchange of social material and cultural information, the interdependence of various regions, nationalities and countries has increased unprecedentedly, the whole earth has become a "global village", the survival and development of a nation can no longer be premised on the destruction of other nations and countries, and the "jungle principle" has been difficult to maintain the economic and social development of human beings on the earth! Unfortunately, those countries that advocate the "jungle principle", with their strong economic and military strength, are still trying to play the role of "world policeman" and "international judge"!
13. Our social and economic development, our national rejuvenation, and our development of "philosophical ideas with Chinese characteristics" must not be separated from this international environment;
14. China's cultural accumulation, ideological accumulation and philosophical accumulation of more than 5,000 years, 7,000 years and 10,000 years are our confidence and the basis of "theoretical self-confidence, institutional self-confidence, road self-confidence, and cultural self-confidence". On this basis, the idea of "community of shared future for mankind" and the strategic deployment of the "Belt and Road" that we put forward are certainly more vital and more "popular with the people" than the false "freedom, democracy, equality, and fraternity" based on the aircraft cannon atomic bomb... "Those who win the hearts and minds of the people win the world" also apply here, right?
Kudos to Director Victory's lecture series!
