Enthusiastic young people are determined to save the country
Yan Zhao is a generous and tragic man. Baoding is located in the north of Yannan and Zhaobei, and many benevolent people have emerged in the long history. They are worried about the country and the people, and they do not hesitate to kill themselves at the moment of crisis, sacrifice their lives for righteousness, and use their lives to martyr their ideals and careers. Their high winds and bright festivals are famous in the annals of history, and they have become a model for future generations to learn and emulate. Now walking at the intersection of West Avenue and Yonghua Road, you can see a stone stele standing next to a small building of a two-story building, engraved with the words "Xiesheng Printing and Book Bureau", which was established by the Baoding Municipal People's Government in February 1993 - marking this building as a municipal cultural security unit. The owner of the Xiesheng Printing Bureau, Zhang Peizhi, a native of Qingyuan, was one of them.
Zhang Peizhi, known as Guoqing and Wenqiao, was born on the night of the 16th year of Guangxu Chinese New Year's Eve (February 8, 1891) in Donglu Village, Qingyuan County, Hebei Province, to a well-off family. In 1895, his father died of illness, and the family fell into the middle of the road.
In 1905, at the age of fourteen, Zhang Peizhi was able to attend the Baoding Government Middle School with the help of relatives and friends. In 1910, Zhang Peizhi was arrested by the Qing government for participating in the revolutionary activities of the League against the feudal rule of the Qing government, and was escorted to Beijing as a "key criminal". It was not until the abdication of the Qing Emperor in 1911 that his freedom was restored and he was able to return to Baoding to continue his unfinished studies. In 1914, Zhang Peizhi completed the middle school course with excellent results. The school escorted him to study at Peking Union Medical Hall. In 1919, Zhang Peizhi, who was about to graduate from the Union Medical Hall, resolutely threw himself into the "May Fourth Movement" against imperialism and feudalism despite the warnings of the school authorities. As a result, he was expelled from school on the eve of graduation.
Baoyang Park Bomb - Morning Post, September 28, 1923, 2nd Edition
In September 1923, Zhang Peizhi and his brother Zhang Guozhong (then president of the Qingyuan County Council) conspired to bomb cao kun, the leader of the Beiyang warlords in Baoding. Zhang Peizhi used his chemical knowledge and referred to folk recipes to prepare explosives. After the explosion failed, Zhang Peizhi absconded to Beijing. This is the Baoyang bombing that caused a sensation in the whole country. It was not until October 1924, after Feng Yuxiang staged a coup d'état in Beijing, forcing Cao Kun to step down, that Zhang Guozhong was released and the arrest warrant was canceled.
(2) Establishment of the Xiesheng Printing And publishing office
In 1925, Zhang Peizhi returned to Baoding and opened the Dasheng Hospital on the site of the YMCA North of the Erdaokou of West Avenue (the YMCA moved to the new site of North Tangjia Hutong in 1924). Soon after, the authorities ordered the hospital to close on the grounds that Zhang Peizhi was not qualified to practice medicine (Zhang was expelled from the Union Medical College for participating in revolutionary activities and did not receive a graduation certificate). The business is in trouble.
Opposite Dasheng Hospital is a two-story chinese and Western style building, in the early years of the Republic of China, it was the Yuliang Photo Studio founded by my grandfather Wu Yuliang. At that time, under the leadership of the Northern District Committee, the Yuliang Photo Studio became the earliest secret place for the organization of activities in the early days of Baoding. Directly led by Deng Zhongxia, the party's early leader.
Xiesheng Printing Company in the 1990s
At the beginning of 1926, the Baoding Local Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China (then known as the "Baoding Prefectural Committee") was established, under the leadership of the Northern District Committee of the Communist Party of China. At this time, the goal of the Xiecheng Printing Factory run by the Underground Party organization of the Communist Party of China in Tianjin (during the "May Fourth Movement" in 1919, Zhou Enlai and others founded the Tianjin Students' Federation Newspaper in Tianjin, and the printing task was completed by the Xiecheng Printing Factory) needed to be transferred. Due to the urgent situation, the Tianjin underground party contacted Zhang Peizhi through Wang Kai's introduction and transported his equipment to Baoding. So Zhang Peizhi changed his career to open the Xiesheng Bookstore, with a Chinese bookstore attached.
Tianjin Xiecheng Printing Factory and Xiesheng Bookstore use the same type of printing press
At that time, the relationship between Wu Yuliang and Zhang Peizhi had developed to a very close degree. As early as the assassination of Cao Kun Baoyang bombing, Wu Yuliang had admiration for the perpetrators who had never met and did not know his name (Wu had set up a small photo department in Cao Kun's garden at that time). When the two met in 1925, Zhang Peizhi had transformed from a hot-blooded young man determined to save the country into a mature revolutionary fighter. Wu Yuliang also gained rich ideological accumulation in the past ten years of intersecting experience with revolutionary volunteers, and the two saw each other at first sight. With the frequent exchanges and friendships, his cooperation with Zhang Peizhi has a solid ideological foundation.
After 1926, in order to facilitate the coordination of the work, Wu Yuliang decided to hire Zhang Peizhi as the manager of the photo studio. Yang Jingshan, director of the Organization Department of the Northern District Cpc Committee, deliberately changed the Yuliang Photo Studio into a Photo Studio. First, this is because Yang Jingshan is knowledgeable and loves the classical Chinese literature "Dream of the Red Chamber". "Transformation of truth" comes from "Dream of the Red Chamber" in the Red Chamber of Peking University. It also means to change society in pursuit of truth. Second, Wu Yuliang believes in Marxism, and it is inappropriate for the photo studio to be named after his own name.
In addition to Zhang Peizhi, the shareholders of the xiesheng printing and book opening fund mainly include Chen Yutian, Liu Zhisheng and Hou Jingchun. At the beginning of the construction, there were 32 open hand-cranked printing machine screen tables, 16 open foot presses, two sets, and lithography machines, word casting machines and so on. With twenty to thirty workers, it was the largest printing plant in Baoding at that time, and Zhang Peizhi personally served as the manager. After Zhao Yuntao, a former teacher at the Sixth Middle School and a member of the Communist Party, was dismissed from the school, Zhang Peizhi arranged for him to become the editor of the Xiesheng Printing Bureau and the manager of the China Bookstore. Xiesheng Printing And Publishing Bureau openly prints supplementary reading materials and teaching reference books for students, and at the same time undertakes odd jobs such as advertisements, table books, and letterheads, and secretly prints large quantities of Marxist-Leninist books and periodicals and progressive literary and artistic works. In the mid-to-late 1920s, Zhang Tingrui, secretary of the Baoding Municipal CPC Committee, and Liu Xianyuan, head of the underground party organization of Gao Libo, were responsible for printing the documents of the Shunzhi Provincial Party Committee, the constitution of the peasant association, and printed materials.
(3) Establish the Northern People's Publishing House
In the early 1930s, the revolutionary form in the northern white areas improved slightly, and the broad masses of the people in the north needed to hear the voice of the Party Central Committee, but the publications of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai were not easy to spread to the north. Beiping lacked a printing house to print progressive books and periodicals.
Baoding Second Division School Gate
Wang Yu axe, head of the Northern People's Publishing House
In order to strengthen the propaganda of Marxism-Leninism, the Beiping Party organization heard that Wang Xinmin, a student of the seventh class of the new system of cpc members in the Second Division of Baoding (appointed by the Special Committee of the Baozhou Department, was responsible for propaganda work in the Baoding Revolutionary Mutual Freemasonry, a peripheral organization of the party. Under the direct leadership of Jia Liangtu, secretary of the party branch of the Second Division of the CPC, secretary general of the CPC Special Committee for Safeguarding Subordinate Affairs and director of propaganda. He was familiar with Zhao Yunhan, the editor of the local Xiesheng Printing Bureau, and decided to try to carry out printing and publishing work. Zhao Yuntao was originally a progressive instructor at Baoding Provincial Sixth Middle School, but was later dismissed by the authorities and went to the bookstore as an editor. Wang Xinmin once introduced Zhao Yuntao to participate in the Baoding Revolutionary Mutual Masonic Association. Wang Xinmin met Zhang Peizhi, the manager of the printing bureau, through Zhao Yuntao, the editor of the Xiexisheng Printing Bureau, and Zhang and Zhao agreed with great enthusiasm.
So he began to try to print the "Table of Elements of the Socio-Economic Structure of Various Eras" (translated by Zhang Bojian, which is a lead-print monochrome edition rearranged by the chromatic stone printing edition of Shanghai Bookstore), and Qu Qiubai's "Introduction to Social Science" (covered as "Preliminary Social Science Research", signed by Brander, translated by Yang Xiaqing, with the eyes and ears of the enemy of confusion), and after the success of these two books, it was decided to continue the publishing business in Baoding, and at this time it was necessary to determine the name of the publishing house to show its responsibility to the readers. Considering that the People's Publishing House from 1921 to 1922 had considerable influence on readers, and that the young people in the north were familiar with the Xinsheng Reading Club to a certain extent, after consultation and deliberation of many parties, in September 1931, the Beiping Party organization of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the party's underground publishing agency in Baoding, the Northern People's Publishing House. (On September 1, 1921, Li Da founded the People's Publishing House, the first publishing house of our party, at No. 625 Fudri, in his apartment in Shanghai.) It is distributed as a new life book company and is printed on the cover, title page and copyright page of the publication. Later, however, due to the proliferation of white terror, in order to avoid the seizure and seizure of the Kuomintang reactionaries, publications had to adopt a disguised method, and the covers, title pages, and copyright pages were sometimes printed with other names, such as the People's Bookstore, the North Country Book Club, the Sunbeam Bookstore, and so on.
Progressive books printed by Xiesheng Printing Company
After the initial publication was successful, Wang Xinmin (later renamed Wang Yufu, Wang Yuaxe) was an underground party member under the special commission of the Baozhi Special Commission. ) is responsible for the work of the publishing house. The main task of the Northern People's Publishing House is to re-edit and typeset the progressive books published by the Party's previous publishing institutions, such as the People's Publishing House, the New Youth Society, the Civilian Book Club, the China Youth Society, the Shanghai Bookstore, the Huaxing Bookstore, the Qiyang Bookstore (Spring Ploughing Bookstore), the Proletarian Bookstore, and so on, and continue to uphold the propaganda work of Marxism.
The books published by the Northern People's Publishing House are roughly divided into two categories, one is the popular culture books that are easy to understand and can be semi-publicly distributed; the other is the left-wing cultural books such as classic works and party documents. The sources of these manuscripts are mainly in three aspects: First, a batch of revolutionary books preserved by Mr. Su Xinpu (Su Lantian), the manager of the Baoding Qunyu Mountain House and the World Library; Second, it was mailed by the Huaxing Bookstore, the publishing and distribution agency of the Shanghai Party Central Committee, by post office box number. Third, a large number of books and periodicals collected by the Beiping organization were secretly mailed by Zhang Fengge, a classmate of Tsinghua University, by Tang Xichao (Tang Mingzhao) of the Beiping Municipal CPC Committee. The receiving office is all Baoding Normal School, and the recipient uses a pseudonym. Han Fu (Han Guiting), a receiving and dispatcher of the Baoding Normal School, personally handed over the axe to Wang Yu. This person was very reliable, and the people of the Public Security Bureau repeatedly asked him who the recipient was, but he insisted that there were no such people in the school, and the cover had passed.
The so-called Northern People's Publishing House is actually only Wang Yu axe, who undertakes all the work of editing, proofreading, distribution, and liaison. The only people who can assist Wang Yu axe in some editing and proofreading work, and who are responsible for organizing printing and binding, are Zhang Peizhi and Zhao Yuntao. Wang Yu axe only contacted Zhang and Zhao with Xiesheng Printing And Bookstore, and the content was only the business relationship between publishing and printing, and there was no organizational contact between them "tacitly". In the past one or two years, the Xiesheng Printing And Publishing Bureau has printed a variety of Marxist-Leninist books from the Northern People's Publishing House, and according to some of the bibliographies listed in Wang Yu axe's reminiscence article "Remembrance for the Centenary of Marx's Death", there are:
(1) Table of Elements of The Socio-Economic Structure of Various Eras (translated by Zhang Bojian)
(2) "Preliminary Research in Social Sciences" (by Brundel, translated by Yang Xiaqing) is actually "Introduction to Social Sciences" (by Qu Qiubai)
(3) Guidelines on Land and Peasant Issues (including the resolutions of the Six Congresses of the Communist Party of China and the resolutions of the Five Labor Congresses, etc.)
(4) "A Brief Explanation of the Constitution of the Soviet Union" (Appendix: "Outline of the Constitution of the Chinese Soviet Republic" adopted by the "One Soviet" Congress)
(5) The Foundations of Marxism (including the Communist Manifesto and Wage Labor and Capital)
(6) The Anatomy of Capitalism (i.e., Communism A, B, C)
(7) "On the Chinese Revolution" (i.e., "Resolution of the Comintern on the Chinese Revolution")
(8) "The Chinese Revolution and the Tasks of the CCP" (Political Report of International Delegates at the Sixth Congress of the COMMUNIST Party of China)
(9) The State and the Revolution (Lenin)
(10) "The Infantile Disease of the Left" (Lenin)
(11) "The Question of Agriculture in the Course of the Soviet Revolution" (Lenin)
(12) On the Opposition (Stalin)
(13) A Geographical Compendium of the World Economy (by Harabbin)
(14) "The Theory and Practice of Sun Wen doctrine" (i.e., "Popular Revolution and Popular Power", selected works of the Red Flag Weekly)
(15) "On Art" (i.e., "Armed Insurrection")
(16) "Speech on Political Questions" (i.e., Stalin's Political Report at the Sixteenth Congress of the United Communist Party)
(17) International Political Code (i.e. new edition of the Third International Bills and Declarations)
In 1931, he was a member of the Baoding Second Division's Reading Club (photographed by Huazhen Photo Studio)
Xiesheng Bookstore is less than 200 meters away from the kuomintang Baoding camp secret service. For the safety of the Cooperative Bookstore and publications, most of them are raided and proofread at night, and after the books are printed and bound, the books are quickly scattered and stored first. The bookstore temporarily concealed a small part, most of it at night or on terroir, and quickly dispersed it to a safe place. Some of them exist under the podium of several classrooms of Baoding Normal School, and some of them exist in Baoding A Industrial School, Baoding Second Model School, and Beijing-Hankou Railway Employees' Children's School. Through reliable social relations, the party organization also stored the printed materials in the Grand Auspicious Courtyard (south of yichunlou restaurant), the "Hengchang Photo Studio" (now the Second Hostel on West Avenue), the home of Zhang Guorong in Shuangjing Hutong on West Avenue, and a laundry shop on the north side of Xiguan Avenue Road. After that, the remaining books were skillfully mailed out by Wang Yu axe. The places sent to were: peking university's "Pioneering Society" and "Transformation Society"; Tsinghua University's "Northern Youth Society"; Beijing Normal University's "Moore Reading Club"; Zhang Qingyi, the recipient of the Beiping Party organization at that time, Tsinghua University; shanghai Jinan University's "Oriental Youth Club"; and zhengding Hebei Eighth Normal School, Xingtai Hebei Fourth Normal School, Daming Hebei Seventh Normal School, and Bozhen Hebei Ninth Normal School.
These Marxist-Leninist books were widely disseminated, providing spiritual food to the revolutionary people and sowing the seeds of revolution among the vast number of young students.
From 1931 to 1932, Comrade Qi Qingxiang, who was the head of the issuance department of the Special Committee for the Preservation of the Communist Youth League, became close friends with Zhang Peizhi, and he printed, distributed, transported, mailed, and sold progressive books and periodicals and some party materials, most of which were printed by the Xiesheng Printing Bureau.
Xiesheng Printing And Publishing Company has also reprinted progressive novels such as "Scream", "Soviet Chronicle", "On the Yalu River", "The Moon Rushing Out of the Clouds", "Sending Small Readers" (Baoding Yude Middle School was listed as extracurricular reading), "Diary of a Soldier", "In the Dark" and so on.
At that time, Wang Yu axe lived in the backyard with the printers. The editors work in the room on the east side of the second floor of the small bookstore building. On the first floor, the frontage of the street is the "Chinese Bookstore", and Zhao Yuntao is also the manager. The shelves are filled with a variety of books and periodicals, mainly for the progressive students of Yude, female teachers, second divisions, and A industrial schools. There is an underground secret library in the backyard of the Xiesheng Printing Bookstore, and there is a tunnel that leads to the "Hengchang Photo Studio" across the road. The hall has a back door, which is a place for revolutionary comrades to come in and out and to meet secretly. There is a party group in the Xiesheng Printing And Book Bureau, such as Zhao Yuntao, the editor and reviewer, The mechanical technician Zhi Qilu, and the accountant Feng Zhaolan of the "China Shoe Store", all of whom are relatively mature Communist Party members.
(4) Revolutionary activities of the Photo Studio
Since the 1920s, Zhang Tingrui, Liu Xiufeng, and many other people in the party, the main responsible persons of the Baoding Municipal CPC Committee, have often gone to the "Photo Studio" to discuss things. Shortly after the "April 12" counter-revolutionary incident in Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek sent a secret telegram to Zhang Zuolin to "execute the arrested Party members as soon as possible to avoid future troubles."
The third from the left is Yang Jingshan, and the first from the right is Tao Yongli.
On April 28, 1927, the warlord Zhang Zuolin was hastily sentenced to death amid the condemnation of public opinion from all walks of life, and Sentenced Li Dazhao and 20 other revolutionaries to hang. Among them were Wu Yuliang's life-and-death friends Yang Jingshan, director of the Organization Department of the Northern District Committee, and Tao Yongli, a clerk of the Northern District Committee. Yang Jingshan was responsible for keeping the list of members of the northern party organization and core secrets such as secret contact points, and before his arrest, he burned these documents regardless of his personal safety, thus protecting a large number of comrades. Wu Yuliang was extremely sad after learning the news.
Since then, the party's revolutionary activities have been at a low ebb. In September 1928, the Kuomintang Qingyuan County Party Department carried out the registration of Kuomintang members, and the head of the Qingyuan County Party, Li Zhuoran (Li Dengjia, a three-roomer in Qingyuan County), asked Huang Boliang (one of the founders of the Qingyuan Party organization and Liu Ningyi's introduction to the party) to join the Real Photo Studio on West Avenue, and Li Zhuoran instructed Huang Boliang to register for the Kuomintang, concealed for a long time, and the main task was to use his legal identity as a cover.
According to Huang Boliang's recollection, the comrades who covered up were: Liu Ningyi, Wang Xinmin (Wang Yu axe), He Zhaoxiong, Li Guangxin, Chen Yafu, Li Songzhai, Wang Zi'an, and Zhang Xiaozhou.
In the photo is a group of prosperous revolutionary youths (a total of 34 people), including Niu Jiuxiao (president of the student union of Yude Middle School and one of the famous revolutionary martyrs "Niu Shi Sanjie"), Wei Shizhang (secretary of the Youth League Municipal Party Committee), Xi Congzhen (secretary of the Yude Party branch), An Zhicheng (one of the earliest Communist Party members in Baoding) and a teacher at Yude Middle School.
In 1928, under the pretext of rectifying education, the Party Department of Baoding City of the Kuomintang deliberately removed the person in charge of Yude Middle School and reorganized Yude Middle School. Principal Hao Zhongqing organized students to protect the school, strictly stipulating that normal teaching order should be adhered to, and that they should not mess up their positions and give people a handle. Niu Jiuxiao, who was the president of the student union at the time, planned to lead the students to march in protest on the streets, but because of the confrontation with the school, he was forced to leave the school and transferred to Zhicun Middle School through the arrangement of the party organization, which was called the "Niu Ma Incident". This is a group photo of Niu Jiuxiao's classmates when he left Yude, and the place should be in the east courtyard of Zhicun Middle School, that is, in front of the theater building in the Huaijun Public Office. Wu Yuliang was asked by the party organization to take photos as a souvenir.
In the early 1930s, the Marxist-Leninist periodicals printed by Xiesheng Printing Company, such as Marxism-Leninism A, B, C, Selected Writings of Marx and Engels, Lecture Notes in The Social Sciences, The Art of Riots, Anti-Dühring, Feuerbach, as well as Party publications and leaflets. They were all carried out secretly at night, printed and bound, and hidden in the wall behind the "Photo Studio", which was very tightly preserved, and few people knew about this wall. Therefore, he evaded many enemy searches.
Due to the difficulty of recovering the money for the revolutionary books and periodicals printed by the "Xiesheng Bookstore", they were often in a state of loss. Therefore, it was supplemented by the huge profits of the "Photo Studio". Although the business of the "Photo Studio" is booming, the expenses on the cabinet are very frugal. In addition to occasionally ordering takeaways from restaurants to eat at the counter during busy holiday business, Zhang Peizhi usually includes Zhang Peizhi (Zhang Peizhi also has a residence near the south of Huoshen Temple Street Road in the city, which is now the north side of the North Country Mall.) Wu Yuliang and his family and employees are cooking in the backyard room. All income on the counter must be recorded, and anyone has to keep an account to withdraw cash. When the underground party comrades encountered urgent needs, they borrowed money and paid money on the cabinet of the "Huazhen Photo Studio" with Wu Yuliang or Zhang Peizhi's hand note.
Comrades of the underground party after the establishment of the Special Committee for the Preservation of The People's Republic of China often met at the "Photo Gallery" to discuss things. The meeting place was set up in the dark room on the second floor where the photos were washed, and outside by Wu Yuliang's eldest son Wu Lianquan looked at the wind. Sometimes after the meeting, I would wear makeup and walk through the back door. Usually, the medicine used to wash the photos in the photo studio is mixed into a potion, and party documents are written and transmitted. At that time, there was a large cloth cover hanging on the balcony facing the street on the second floor, with a special mark on it, and Wu Yuliang did not allow anyone to move it casually. According to my grandmother's recollection, once when the weather was bad and the wind was strong, she went to untie the cloth disguise and was severely reprimanded by Wu Yuliang.
In 1931, Li Peizhi (former head of the Female Second Division Party) returned from studying in the Soviet Union. Before returning to China, Comrade Dong Biwu, who was working in the Communist International of the Soviet Union, handed her a note, which was a secret letter of introduction, and Elder Dong asked her to go to find a "traffic" after returning to China, and then the "traffic" led her to work at Comrade He Long in Honghu Su District, where Deng Zhongxia was also working as a political commissar in Honghu Su District. However, when Li Peizhi returned to China, he could not find "transportation". Helplessly, she had to go to Baoding to come to huazhen photo studio joint to find a way, Wu Yuliang helped her contact the party organization, and a male comrade escorted her from Baoding to Wuhan by car, and then took the dry road to Honghu Lake.
In 1932, during the "July 6th" student wave of the Second Baoding Division, students who came from other counties could not return to school because the reactionary military and police surrounded the school, so Wu Yuliang arranged for them to live temporarily in the backyard of the "Huazhen Photo Studio" or in the nearby Second Brigade, and gave them financial support in their lives to ensure that they participated in the underground party foreign aid group's distribution of leaflets, slogans, flying rallies and other strategic activities. It can be said that the "Photo Gallery" of the 1930s was the "logistics office" of the party organization and the contact point for important activities.
In 1935, some students of the 5th grade of the Baoding Second Division took a group photo (all of them devoted themselves to the War of Resistance, the second from the right was Tie Ying) and took a photo by the Huazhen Photo Studio
In July 1932, after the "76th" student tide of the Baoding Second Division, the Kuomintang authorities created white terror and wantonly arrested revolutionaries, and Wang Yu axe was wanted by the Kuomintang authorities and could not survive in Baoding, so he had to move to Beiping. The Northern People's Publishing House was also forced to cease its activities shortly after its transfer to Beiping.
Although the Northern People's Publishing House has only existed for more than a year, it has made important contributions to expanding the party's influence in the north, disseminating Marxism and developing revolutionary forces.
In August 1932, on the eve of the revolutionary uprisings in Gaoyang, Boye, and Lixian, the Hebei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China obtained a batch of guns and ammunition from the patriotic general Ji Hongchang of the Tianjin Kuomintang, loaded them on ships and transported them to the Liu Shoumiao Wharf in Baoding via Baiyangdian. It turned out that at this time, Zhang Peizhi's home in the village had become a receiving station for the Gaoli riots established by the provincial party committee, responsible for the transfer and transportation of riot personnel, guns, and materials. The "Huazhen Photo Studio" in the city became one of the secret places where the Special Committee of the Preservation Commission studied the Gaoli rebellion. Another secret place is the Zhu Family Courtyard in Ximenli (now Court Street). (It was once Xi Congzhen's residence, and Xi Congzhen was one of the heads of the special committee.) ）。 Wu Yuliang and others were responsible for collecting information and intelligence in the city (the "Huazhen Photo Studio" first spent a lot of money in Baoding to introduce the American Kodak rotary lens camera, which can take a group photo of more than 100 people, and contracted the photography business of the Kuomintang authorities government, the army, the police, and local schools. While earning money for party organizations, they also gained a lot of valuable information. ）
After the rebellion failed, the leaders Bai Jian, Qi Qingxiang, Li Yongmao, Liu Ziling, and Li Xuemin went to Zhang Peizhi's house to hide, from where they sneaked to Tang County and The mancheng Chen Yafu's house. Bai Jian, an inspector of the Provincial Youth League Committee, was personally hired by Zhang Peizhi to send a car covered with a cloth curtain to Baoding to hide first, and then transferred away in disguise through the "Huazhen Photo Studio."
(5) Zhang Peizhi was arrested
In October 1933, the Kuomintang carried out the fifth counter-revolutionary encirclement and suppression of the revolutionary base areas in the south, and immediately implemented feudal cultural autocracy on the cultural front, banning revolutionary publications and progressive books, and successively promulgating the "Publication Law", "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Publication Law", "Standards for the Examination of Propaganda Materials", "Measures for the Examination of Books and Magazines", and so on. Yan Zhaoqi, editor-in-chief of minsheng daily, was arrested and killed by agents of the Blue Jacket Society for publishing articles in the newspaper attacking the authorities. This incident was a red flag for Xiesheng Printing.
In May 1934, Zhang Peizhi was summoned by the Baoding Xing camp of the Kuomintang Military Commission, and the next day he raided the Xiesheng Printing And book bureau. The books in the printing office, aided by porters, were rushed out overnight. The reactionary authorities have only copied some supplementary textbooks and teaching reference books for primary schools, and then there are samples of some yellow books and periodicals. The library of the "Hengchang Photo Museum" has not been discovered. Zhang Peizhi knew that the books that existed in "Hengchang" could not be transferred for a while, so he took the opportunity of his friends to deliver food and secretly instructed the books to be burned. Zhang Tonglu, who was reading the library, burned all the books and burned them for three days in a row. The reactionary authorities did not catch the evidence, and a few days later, Hou Jingchun, president of the Baoding Chamber of Commerce, liu Zhisheng, and others jointly signed, and Zhang Peizhi was released on bail. At the beginning of July, Zhou Dali, the head of the special agents of the Baoding Xing camp, led the wolf-like agents to raid the DajixiangYuan, one of the secret book collections of the Xiesheng Printing Bureau, and copied out a total of three car revolutionary books and periodicals, and Zhang Peizhi was arrested for the second time and imprisoned in the Baoding Xingying Prison.
In October 1934, Zhang Peizhi was sentenced to seven years in prison for the following three counts:
Harbor the commanders of the Second Division's student tide and take in the expelled personnel.
The mastermind who covered the Gaoli rebellion.
Printing and distributing Communist Party books and leaflets in order to poison young people.
At the end of 1936, the "Xi'an Incident" broke out, and the political form of the whole country changed dramatically. The kuomintang and the communist party achieved the second cooperation, and Zhang Pei's vegetation was released. After his release from prison, Zhang Peizhi did not return to Baoding immediately, but came to live in an apartment on the beach. It is very close to the student dormitory of the Red House of Peking University, waiting for the party organization to come to the joint. A month passed, and there was no contact person, so I had to return to Baoding. After that, he went to Tongkou Village in Anxin County to find someone to pick up the relationship, but he was unable to do so, so he had to wait in Baoding.
(6) Throw yourself into the War of Resistance
Baoding fell shortly after the July 7 Incident in 1937. Zhang Peizhi, who understood the great righteousness, called his two sons to his side and told them that the country was difficult and the enemy was at the moment. Aspiring young people should make the right choice and go their own way. He was given a trip to the Communist-led Eighth Route Army. At that time, Zhang Peizhi's eldest son, Zhang Linchi, had just graduated from Peking University and was packing his luggage to prepare for studying in Germany, so he put down his outfit and then changed his name to Zhang Chong. Carrying the Sichuan capital donated by his father, he turned around and went west, and he had no hesitation in going to Yan'an. On the way to Taiyuan, he met Zhou Enlai, whom he knew from "Journey to the West". Listening to Zhou Enlai's speech, he decided to stay and accept the dispatch of the Pingjin Exile Alumni Association to teach history at The Taiyuan Chengcheng Middle School, where the Office of the Eighth Route Army was stationed, to publicize the principle of resisting Japan and saving the dead. The war situation was changing rapidly, and the first chinese partisan group of teachers and students formed by Chengcheng Middle School was about to go to Lüliang Mountain, but Zhang Linchi was arranged to accompany Huang Jing and others to Wutai Mountain. At that time, the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region Government was in preparation, and Zhang Linchi was not yet a party member. But the party organization made him the county magistrate of Tang County on the basis of an appointment based on his knowledge of his family and himself. Zhang Yingchi, the second son who was studying at Yude Middle School, changed his name to Zhang Fan and waded through the mountains and rivers to Yan'an, the holy land of revolution, to study at Yan'an Kang Da. After graduation, he went to work at jinchaji daily newspaper. Become a good war correspondent. In addition, there are young employees on the cabinet who have left, saying that they are returning to their hometowns, and everyone knows that they also went to the anti-Japanese base area. I heard that later some went to the "Jin-Cha-Ji Daily" and some went to the Yang Chengwu Department of the First Division as a photography officer.
Zhang Yingchi (Zhang Fan), Chen Shunyu (Mrs. Zhang Linchi), zhang Linchi (Zhang Chong) group photo
On September 24, 1937, the Japanese invading army invaded and occupied Baoding, and the Japanese Kou arrested anti-Japanese soldiers everywhere in Baoding. Before that, Zhang Peizhi and Wu Yuliang discussed that they were ready to return to their hometown for temporary refuge. Before leaving, he discussed with Wu Yuliang and prepared to open a photo studio branch in Lotus Pond. Prepare for future underground anti-Japanese activities.
After the Japanese invading forces invaded Baoding, they had to use Japanese Fujifilm.
Later, Wu Yuliang's eldest son, Wu Lianquan, opened a photo studio in the Lotus Pond West Courtyard. Wu Lianquan and Zhang Peizhi's eldest son, Zhang Linchi, were similar in age and had progressive thoughts. In 1921, he studied at the civilian school run by the YMCA opposite the "Uryo Photo Studio". He once attended Yude Middle School and was a student of An Zhicheng, an early party member of Baoding. Later, because the photo studio business was too busy, he dropped out of school to learn the photography craft on the cabinet. Ever since Zhang Peizhi opened the "Xiesheng Bookstore" to engage in the party's printing and propaganda activities, Wu Lianquan often went to the "Chinese Bookstore" to read progressive books and periodicals. Helped deliver the Gospel of Matthew, which was entrained with propaganda, to the YMCA and distributed to the public. He also followed Yu De and the students of the Second Division to fly in the streets and assemble, and went to the streets and alleys to paste leaflets. At night, the progressive books printed by the bookstore are transferred. He has participated in the solidarity activities of the "Seven-Six Student Tide". Let the party members and comrades who held the meeting at the "Photo Studio" put the wind on guard.
In 1925, Niu Shucai and members of the Jiazhong Industrial School took a group photo in the Ura Photo Studio
After Wu Yuliang returned to Boye's hometown for a period of repairs, he took the photographic equipment to Anping to find the anti-Japanese organization. As early as August 1923, Anping was founded as the first rural party branch in the country, the Taicheng Special Branch of Anping County of the Communist Party of China (hereinafter referred to as the "Special Branch"), with Gong Zhongtao as the secretary, directly under the leadership of the Beijing District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and in 1926 the special branch was led by the Baoding Municipal Party Committee. At that time, Wu Yuliang knew Gong Zhongtao. In 1927, the main person in charge of the Anping County Party Committee was Yan Huaiping Zhengding County, and in 1925, when he was studying at the Baoding Jiazhong Industrial School, he was expelled from the school for leading the student movement and Niu Shucai, and they took a group photo with the members of the Jiazhong Industrial School at the Yuliang Photo Studio. The inscription on the photo reads "Sen Huai is our first setback".
After arriving in Anping County, Wu Yuliang did not find Gong Zhongtao, so he temporarily found an errand in the county photo studio and settled down. Later, he finally connected with the underground party.
Photographed at the closing ceremony of the first administrative meeting in Jizhong District on May 8, 1938, by Wu Yuliang
At the beginning of May 1938, the first administrative meeting of Jizhong District was held in Anping County, and Wu Yuliang took a group photo of all the participants in the county public security bureau. At that time, Jizhong District had jurisdiction over a total of 18 counties, and 31 people attended the meeting, including representatives of the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Committee, responsible persons of various departments of the Jizhong Banking Bureau, and county chiefs of various counties. In the autumn of the same year, Wu Yuliang returned to Baoding Huazhen Photo Studio.
(7) Delivering materials for the Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region
In the spring of 1938, after Zhang Peizhi returned to Baoding, Wu Lianquan once took a small box (portable camera) to Shijing in Mancheng to collect photos. Try to get in touch with the base area (where there is a material transfer station for the Eighth Route Army). After returning, due to the blood bubbles on the thighs of the bicycle for a long time, Zhang Peizhi also personally dispensed the medicine.
In 1938, when the base area in the initial period was short of materials, Zhang Chong often sent people to secretly return home to contact him, entrusting his father to buy medicines, electrical materials, paper (supplied by the papermaking workshop in the western suburbs of Dajidian), stationery, and the transportation route was: Baoding - Donglu - Tang County - Fuping. Fuping Malan Village is the station of the "Jin-Cha-Ji Daily" newspaper where Zhang Fan works. The task of printing documents and materials of the government of the Border Region and publishing its own newspaper is very heavy, and it is urgent to provide further printing equipment and equipment. After President Deng Tuo asked the leaders of the Northern Bureau, Peng Zhen and Yao Yilin successively instructed Zhang Linchi to mobilize his father to transport all the equipment of the Xiesheng Bookstore to Fuping as soon as possible to serve the anti-Japanese work.
In the autumn of that year, Zhang Linchi sent a guard (also a cousin) Zhang Lanchi back to Donglu Village to convey the above opinions, and Zhang Peizhi gladly agreed. Zhang Xingzhao was first sent to escort the car, and Zhang Xingzhao rushed to the car and transported a truckload of medicines, paper, and ink. At the end of the year, a batch of medical equipment, lithographs and lead blocks were shipped.
In the spring of 1939, the Japanese army blockaded the base area day by day, the original road has been blocked, Zhang Peizhi will 16 printing presses disassembled and packaged, together with lead characters, copper molds, planned to be transported from the waterway to Baiyangdian, and then through the dry road transit. Because of the informant chen Yutian (also known as Chen Lei, who was originally one of the shareholders of the Xiesheng Printing And Books Bureau, and is now serving as a pseudo-police chief), the equipment loaded on the ship was seized by the Japanese gendarmerie at Baoding Nanguan. Zhang Peizhi was also arrested by the gendarmerie and imprisoned in the gendarmerie unit north of West Avenue Road.
In the torture chamber of the gendarmerie, Zhang Peizhi gritted his teeth and endured all kinds of torture. He insisted that "the Xiesheng Bookstore had to close down because of its poor business, and transported the machine to Tianjin for resale." At this time, Wu Yuliang and Zhang Peizhi's family members were very worried about his safety.
So the Zhang family sold some shops of the horse horn to make a large amount of money. Through Jang Pei-sik's old friend Yuan Kasapo, kim Guan-ching, the treasurer of Zhen Su-jae, kim Guan-ching has a close personal relationship with the gendarmerie's Lee translator (Korean). Because the enemy could not find the truth when asked, there was no one else to prove it except Chen Yutian. He ostensibly agreed to release Zhang Peizhi on bail. Secretly, he sent secret agents to monitor. Try to put a long line to drop the big fish. At the same time, they also threatened Zhang Peizhi with inducements: "I heard that your eldest son Zhang Chong was the county magistrate of the Eighth Route Army, and you asked him to come back, and we will give him an official." Otherwise you have to think about the consequences. Zhang Peizhi calmly replied: "My eldest son is named Zhang Linchi, and now he is studying in Germany and studying chemistry." I didn't call Zhang Chong's son.
Rikou failed to make a plan, and then had a plan, so that the people of the Chamber of Commerce found Zhang Peizhi and planned to invite him to be the president of the Chamber of Commerce. He used "Returning to the Word" to indicate that he wanted to go home to farm.
Zhang Peizhi, knowing that the situation was serious, returned home, secretly organized personnel to smuggle other equipment and equipment from the printing bureau, and planned a secret road from Mancheng to Tang County and Fuping.
Unfortunately, only a few days later, may 30 at 2 p.m. Zhang Peizhi was arrested by two plainclothes agents on his way home and has never returned. Years later, it was learned that Zhang Peizhi was killed by the Japanese Sangmu secret service and his cruel methods. The secret agent Yuan Dajun (Yuan Zongfu, known as Baoding's drunkenness) who participated in the burial of the martyr's body later confirmed that Zhang Peizhi was bitten by a wolf dog and was dying of injuries, and before he could stop breathing, he rolled up with reeds and buried him in Dongguan outside the city.
Zhang Peizhi's martyr certificate
Just when Zhang Pei was grabbing vegetation, Wu Yuliang was in the lotus pond photo studio. After hearing the news, I felt that the situation was serious. He returned to his native country and temporarily escaped a disaster. However, after Wu Yuliang himself returned to the countryside, he worried about Zhang Peizhi's safety and returned to the city several times to listen to the news without success. Later, he mysteriously disappeared and disappeared. After liberation, he learned that he had not escaped the clutches of the Japanese Kou.
(8) Passing on the torch
After the party organization in Jizhong District learned of Zhang Peizhi's arrest, it was very worried about the safety of his family and children. Huang Jing, secretary of the Jizhong District Party Committee, assigned the Baoding Municipal CPC Committee and the Urban Work Department to arrange for Zhang Peizhi's family, two daughters, and two sons to go to Yan'an to study, and left one daughter to continue to do underground work in the enemy-occupied areas.
Screenshot of Baoding survey
Wu Lianquan's family members are from Wan'an, Lixian County. It was a revolutionary base area founded by General Meng Qingshan, who was a cadre of the Women's Salvation Association. People in the village often came to Baoding to find out the news of the enemy. There is also a (Dafang) photo studio in the south of Xinxian Street Road (now opposite the Baoding Shopping Mall on Yuhua Road) in the city, which has pro-Japanese traitors, because the business relationship and the "Huazhen Photo Studio" have never been harmonious. Standing on the second floor of this photo studio, you can see the activities inside the lotus pond. Therefore, Wu Lianquan's activities were reported to the Japanese Sangmu secret service. One day, two Japanese agents and a Korean (Lee's translator) came to Lianchi and arrested Wu Lianquan on charges of "smuggling eight roads", and the photo studio was also closed. Wu Lianquan was tortured in the gendarmerie, but insisted that the people who came were his relatives. Nichiko did not receive any valuable confessions. The news of Wu Lianquan's arrest caused a lot of shock in the city's business circles, and he was released on bail a few months later. Wu Lianquan was injured and sick, and after a little treatment, he was transferred to the Mainland Photo Studio in Xinxiang, Henan Province (where the underground liaison station of our party) was transferred to Henan Xinxiang Mainland Photo Studio (where it was the underground liaison station of our party) to carry out special tasks.
At that time, the Xinxiang Mainland Photo Studio needed people who met three conditions:
1. Loyalty to the Party organization and bitter hatred for the enemy.
2. Master good photographic skills.
3. Like Peking Opera performances and proficient in various classical instruments.
Group photo of Henan Xinxiang Mainland Photo Studio
Because there was a small band in the mainland photo studio at that time, the person in charge often used the Cover of Peking Opera performance activities to make friends with various characters and collect intelligence. There is a musical instrument shop next to the Yuliang Photo Studio, and the owner of the musical instrument shop has a close relationship with Wu Yuliang, who often goes to the musical instrument store since he was a child. Therefore, he is proficient in the playing of various classical instruments. At that time, Wu Lianquan was well-known in the Baoding Peking Opera circle, and the lead singer Danjiao. These conditions provided a good cover for Wu Lianquan to engage in underground work. Wu Lianquan died shortly after returning to Baoding due to injuries after his victory in the War of Resistance.
From May 9 to June 5, 1979, a delegation headed by Liao Chengzhi, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and president of the China-Japan Friendship Association, visited Japan. Zhang Peizhi's second son, Zhang Fan, also visited the delegation. During the visit, he was sabotaged by Japanese right-wing militarists. On the ship of "Sino-Japanese Friendship," Zhang Fan immediately wrote a poem ,"Birthday Cake", recalling the scene of his father's heroic and indomitable and brutal killing by the Japanese Kou, expressing his incomparable nostalgia for his father and his incomparable hatred for the Japanese invaders.
In March 2019, in order to commemorate the great deeds of the revolutionary martyrs. The descendants of the martyr Zhang Peizhi came to Baoding to participate in the commemoration activities, and the news media made relevant reports. The relevant departments in the city arranged for the two of us to meet at the Guangyuan Anti-Japanese War Historical Museum and take a group photo.
appendix
Remember the People's Publishing House
Xiong Chongshan Li Qiju
In July 1921, at the First National Congress of the Party, Li Da (2) was elected director of the Propaganda Department of the Central Bureau and presided over the propaganda work of the whole Party. In the "First Resolution of the Communist Party of China on the Objectives of the Struggle", adopted by the Congress, the principles and tasks of the propaganda work were defined and the publication work was clearly stipulated: "Publications, whether they belong to the central or local government, shall be directly managed and edited by the comrades of our Party. Based on this, Li Da personally founded the party's first publishing house, the People's Publishing House. From the very beginning of its founding, our party has had its own publishing organization, which is indeed the merit of Li Da. Li Da is a pioneer in our party's publishing industry.
The company was established in Shanghai on September 1, 1921, and its address was also located at No. 625, Li Da's Institute of Fudri. In order to prevent the enemy from sabotaging, the site was deliberately written as "No. 26, Changxing New Street, Guangzhou", and the cover of the publication was stamped with the word "Guangzhou" in front of the "People's Publishing House" as a cover.
When the publishing house was founded, it issued a "Circular", which was published in the "New Youth" on September 1, 1921, volume 9, No. 5. The "Circular" briefly expounded the purpose and tasks of the founding of the society: "In recent years, the new doctrine of new doctrine has prevailed, and the number of people who have studied it has gradually increased, and in order to provide for this requirement, the company has published various important books to fund the study of comrades and princes. The nature of our publications is to instruct the trend of the new tide and determine the slowness of the new tide, on the one hand to dispel the fundamental doubts of those who do not have a firm faith, and on the other hand to seek spiritual unity with comrades at home and abroad. Each book or compilation or translation, are carefully selected, the content is as accurate as possible, the article is unimpeded, this is believed to be able to meet the requirements of the reader, especially here to be careful and clear. ”
The People's Publishing House mainly publishes classic works of Marx and Lenin and other theoretical books. It planned to publish fifteen of Marx's Complete Books, fourteen of Lenin's Complete Works, eleven of the CumminIste Series (i.e., the Communists Series), and nine others. On the basis of available information, it was ascertained that in just one year it had actually published eighteen books. Among them are:
There are three kinds of Marx's Complete Works: The Communist Manifesto (translated by Chen Wangdao, the translator of this publication has changed his name to Chen Foshi), Wage Labor and Capital (translated by Yuan Xiang), and Introduction to Capital (translated by Malsey and translated by Li Shushi).
There are six kinds of Lenin's Complete Works: The State and the Revolution, The Building of the Workers' and Peasants' Associations (i.e., the Present Tasks of Soviet Power), The Proposal for Discussion, the Book of Policy), The Saturday of the Communist Party, The Success and Difficulties of the Toiling-Peasants' Government, and The Biography of Lenin.
The Four Kinds of The CumminIste Series: The Communist Party Of Russia, The Programme of the Communist Party of Russia, Important Current Issues in the International Labour Movement, and The Bills and Declarations of the Third International.
The other five: History of the Labor Movement, Chronicle of the Russian Revolution, Liebknecht Memorial, Two Workers' Conversations, Pacific Conference and The Attitude of Our People, etc.
Li Da founded the People's Publishing House, like the editor-in-chief of the monthly magazine "The Communist Party", which was very arduous, and he often took on all the work of editing, publishing, and distributing it. In "Recalling the Early Activities of the Party," he said: "The 'People's Publishing House' is also in Delhi. At that time, I was the editor-in-chief of the publishing house, publishing fourteen kinds of readings and temporary pamphlets. At that time, printing, proofreading, and distribution work were all done by myself. The publications distributed to the outer ports were transported by the sailors and chores of the ships. In a reply to the Shanghai Revolution Memorial Hall on February 23, 1954, he recalled the situation: "From July 1921 to June 1922, there were only three members in the Central Work Department, and only two people after that (referring to Zhang Guotao's going to Beijing, there were only Chen Duxiu and Li Da. Author), and there are no staff. Only in the propaganda work is a worker hired to do the work of packing books, and the Central Work Department, in addition to the books of the New Youth, the monthly magazine of the Communist Party and the People's Publishing House, reads the documents of the local organizations and gives them appropriate instructions. It can be seen from this that Li Da's work was busy and arduous, and it was not easy to establish and preside over the People's Publishing House under the heavy responsibility of shouldering the heavy responsibility of the central propaganda director.
The People's Publishing House merged with the New Youth Society in 1923. The revolutionary tradition of publishing work it established was passed down from generation to generation. After the Third National Congress, the Shanghai Bookstore, the Yangtze River Bookstore, the Northern People's Publishing House, and other publishing and distribution institutions successively founded by the Party not only inherited the publishing and distribution business of the People's Publishing House, but also took the "Complete Book of Marx," "The Complete Book of Lenin," and the "Kummen Nister Series" as reserved books, reprinted and published them again and again, and also inherited and carried forward the fine revolutionary spirit of the People's Publishing House. Comrade Xin Ken (i.e., Wang Yufu), who presided over the Northern People's Publishing House, wrote several memoirs, and the next volume of this volume contains one he wrote in 1983. Recalling the history of the Northern People's Publishing House, he said: "In September 1931, the People's Publishing House appeared in the North. This publishing house was later published in guangzhou by the People's Publishing House (the People's Publishing House founded by Li Da. —Author) Ten years, the spirit and essence of its tradition, is continuous and consistent. ... Due to the needs of secret work in the white area, all the work, such as editing, proofreading, distribution, etc., was mainly borne by me, which was roughly similar to the situation in 1921-1922 when the Shanghai People's Publishing House (the need for secret work was deliberately printed at No. 26, Changxing New Street, Guangzhou) was borne by Comrade Li Da alone. Judging from the history of the development of our party's publishing industry, the People's Publishing House founded by Li Da is a revolutionary initiative in the history of publishing in our country, and its epoch-making significance cannot be erased.
(1) This article is a section of Xiong Chongshan and Li Qiju's "Li Da and the Publication Work" (published in Shanghai "Publication History", No. 6, 1986), and the title is added by the editor.
(2) Li Da (1890-1966), a native of Lingling, Hunan, attended the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1921. In his 1955 memoirs, "The Initiation of the Communist Party of China and the Recollections of the First and Second Congresses," he briefly talked about the establishment of the People's Publishing House: "The People's Publishing House is presided over by me, and it also edits, proofreads, and distributes the work", and in 1921 "prepared to publish 15 kinds of Marx's complete books, 14 kinds of Lenin's complete books, and communists."
(Commin Nister) series of 11 titles, other 9 kinds" and so on.