Laos, a small, landlocked country with little name.
In view of the approaching autumn and the dry weather, India has recently become a bit on fire, because its exemplary self-preservation land and back garden Bhutan have abandoned the curry-flavored happiness and are determined to sign a memorandum with its northern neighbors to prepare for the next step of border demarcation and formal diplomatic relations.
It should be known that during the Period of British India, India, which had long fought in the cause of the anti-British struggle, was well received by the British colonists because of the "non-violent non-cooperation" movement, and thus became a model colony of the Empire that never set and a "pearl in the crown of the British Queen", and India's masochistic resistance model also became a miracle in the international community.
Therefore, he was very indignant about Bhutan's behavior of "not knowing the blessing in the blessing", and India was so angry that he wanted to dance on the spot.
And like India, there is Vietnam. Because its neighbor Laos has just completed a train route to its northern neighbor, it means that in the future, Laos will catch the express train of the Belt and Road Initiative, and its socio-economic development will also be on a higher level.
The fundamental reason why Vietnam is unhappy with this kind of good thing of "getting rich and building roads first" is that Vietnam is a small country with a strong desire to control.
Judging from the development process of the Central and South Peninsula over the past thousand years, although Vietnam is not large, it is not small, although it is the body of a bird and a bird, it has great ambitions. Vietnam has indeed achieved its goal of dominating the Indochina Peninsula to some extent, as evidenced by maintaining its influence over Laos and Cambodia.
And Laos, as a country with little difference in size from Vietnam, is willing to submit to people, in addition to the disparity in environmental conditions, but also because of historical grievances.
Although Laos and Vietnam are not much different, the geographical conditions are 19,000 miles apart. In addition to 3,260 kilometers of coastline less than Vietnam, it is necessary to borrow ports from neighboring countries, including Vietnam, to go to sea. What Laos lacks most is the fertile Delta of Great Rivers.
Although Vietnam is only about 100,000 square kilometers larger than Laos, it has the Red River Delta and the Mekong Delta, which is an important support for Vietnam's ability to support more than 97 million people.
Since its independence from the Central Plains Dynasty in 937, Vietnam has been based on the Red River Delta, and for more than 800 years, it has continued to expand southward along the coastline, and after the elimination of Champa and Chenla, Vietnam finally acquired the Mekong Delta. The incorporation of the Mekong Delta has made Vietnam a veritable power in the Indochina Peninsula.
In contrast, in addition to the lack of an inch of coastline in Laos, the terrain of the country is "no three feet flat", more than 80% of the country's land is mountainous and plateau, and most of them are covered by forests, known as the "roof of Indochina". Rich hydropower resources, for Laos is a veritable tearless, after all, the plateau is widely spread in addition to the difficulty of supporting more people, today Laos has a population of only more than 7 million, social and economic development is a long-term stagnation, Laos has also become one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world, let alone the development and utilization of hydropower resources?
In view of the fact that going out basically relies on walking, communication basically relies on roaring, and eating and drinking Lhasa basically relies on foreign help, so the Laotian natural people who live in the four walls of the family are poor and short-minded.
Although Vietnam is not a powerful industrial country, let alone among the "Four Asian Tigers" and "Asian Tigers", it is expensive in the "near water tower platform first to get the moon", and its economy in 1986 to emulate the northern neighbors to implement the "innovation and opening up" after the economic development is indeed eye-catching, there is a certain economic strength, so Laos to Vietnam follow the trend.
The geographical location does not determine Laos' death to Vietnam, after all, in addition to being connected to the Vietnamese landscape, Laos also lives next to China, Myanmar and Thailand. In the view of the history of quiet night, laos's "all the way to the east" is rooted in the historical grievances that are constantly cutting and sorting out chaos.
During the long period of the Central Plains Dynasty in northern Vietnam, the southern Part of the Indochina Peninsula was established in the 1st century as the first Southeast Asian country to appear in ancient Chinese texts, covering all of Cambodia, Vietnam, southern Laos and southeastern Thailand.
In the middle of the 6th century, the vassal state of Funan, Chenla, rose against the trend and forced The Funan State to become its vassal state, completing the reversal; then Chenla destroyed the Funan Kingdom in the middle of the 7th century and divided it into Shui Zhenla and Lu Chenla; in the early 9th century, after the unification of Shuilu Chenla, a strong Chenla Angkor Dynasty was established.
The Angkor Dynasty, as the predecessor of Cambodia, occupied all of present-day Cambodia in its heyday, most of Laos, Thailand and southern Vietnam and Burma, and was the most powerful regime in the history of Southeast Asia, which had a profound impact on the countries of the Indochina Peninsula, especially laying the written and religious foundation of the countries of the Indochina Peninsula.
When the Angkor Dynasty dominated the Indochina Peninsula, the predecessor of Laos, the Lancang State, was established in present-day Luang Prabang. At this time, the Nanzhao state, which was active in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, extended its sphere of influence to the south to the middle reaches of the Mekong River, and after the fall of the Nanzhao state in the 10th century, the Thai city-states in the middle reaches of the Mekong River fell under the rule of the Monjin-Jinla state, and it was not until the 12th century that the Chenla state was extremely powerful and declined, and these Thai city-states became independent.
In 1353, the Lancang Kingdom merged the surrounding Thai city-states through war and established the "Southern Palm State", also known as "Lancang". The lancang kingdom began in Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam and ran along the Mekong River to northern Present-day Cambodia, bordering Chiang Mai and Siam in the west and Vietnam and Champa in the east.
Although it is the first unified dynasty in the history of Laos, because of the widespread characteristics of mountainous plateaus, and because Laos is located in the center of the Indochina Peninsula in the four wars, the Lancang Kingdom has experienced long-term turmoil, and has been constantly invaded by external forces, especially Vietnam, which has been expanding southward in the east.
Although vietnam was difficult to ascend to the sky because of the barrier of the Chang Shan Mountains, the desire to control the Lancang Kingdom was extremely strong.
In 1479, Annam Later Li Dynasty Li Shengzong invaded Lancang and captured the capital city of Luang Prabang, although it was eventually repelled by Lancang, but the Lancang kingdom, which was seriously injured, soon went downhill.
At that time, after the establishment of the Sukhothai Dynasty in 1238, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya was established in 1350, and then the Kingdom of Ayutthaya annexed the Kingdom of Sukhothai, and in 1431, the Angkor Dynasty was eliminated, becoming another power in the Indochina Peninsula, and was crowned "Siam" by the Ming Dynasty.
The Lancang Kingdom was sandwiched between the Siamese Dynasty and the Annam Li Dynasty, and could only pay tribute to the left and right, with two heads.
Beginning in 1707, the Lancang Kingdom was successively divided into the Kingdom of Luang Prabang, the Kingdom of Vientiane, and the Kingdom of Champasak, of which the Kingdom of Vientiane was the most powerful.
At that time, Thailand achieved the evolution from the Ayutthaya period to the Thonburi Dynasty in its entanglement with Burma.
After the establishment of the Bagan Dynasty in 1044, Burma has experienced the periods of the Bago, Donggu and Gongpung dynasties.
After the founding of The Burmese State, it expanded wildly outwards, and even fought the Qing-Burma War with the Qing Dynasty. The Siamese Thonburi Dynasty took advantage of the Battle of Qing-Burma to expel the Burmese army and regain lost territory and laid the map of modern Thailand.
In 1779, the Siamese Thonburi Dynasty expelled the Burmese from Laos, and the three lao kingdoms became siamese vassals.
In 1831, the Annam Nguyen Dynasty Ming Emperor annexed Chuanyuan and established the three provinces of Zhenning, Zhenman and Zhenbian, and the contradictions between Siam and Annam in Laos became increasingly fierce, followed by two fierce wars, and finally Siam won in 1850.
Burma was rapidly sinking under the barbaric invasion of British India, and France showed its fangs to the Indochina Peninsula in 1858, and finally seized suzerainty over Vietnam through the Sino-French War of 1885.
At that time, Siam faced the situation of the two colonial empires of Britain and France attacking from east to west, in addition to making up for the advanced experience of the West on the one hand, as a weapon for self-preservation, on the other hand, it was between Britain and France, and finally Britain and France reached a compromise in 1896, and Siam, as a buffer state in the British and French spheres of influence, was preserved, becoming one of the few countries in Asia that had not been colonized by Western powers in modern times.
However, Siam also paid a huge price, including giving up suzerainty over Laos at the request of france and relinquishing control of parts of Shan state at the request of the British.
Siam's "knowledge of the times" led Laos, together with Vietnam and Cambodia, to become a French colony, called "Indochina".
Theoretically, colonization under the same roof does not produce a so-called good feeling, such as India and Pakistan, which used to belong to British India, are inseparable. What really determines Laos' pro-Vietnamese nature is the path of revival in modern times that does not distinguish between each other.
After all, after the October Revolution inspired the enthusiasm of the world proletarian revolution, the proletarian forces in Laos and Vietnam took the form of Indochina, and Vietnam remained the leader of the proletarian revolution, as in the case of Ho Chi Minh, who led the founding of the Communist Party of Indochina in 1930, as in the case of the Vietnamese occupation of Laos and Cambodia before the arrival of the French colonists.
Because it was the same family and subordinate to Vietnam since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Laos has a long history of pro-Vietnamism.
After the World War II approach, France raised its hand and surrendered before the German occupation of Paris, and Japan took the opportunity to "take over" French colonies in Asia, especially Indochina, further tying Vietnam and Laos.
After World War II, the French army made a comeback and fought a nine-year war with Ho Chi Minh-led North Vietnam. With the help of new China and the Soviet Union, France had to withdraw its troops after the Geneva Conference in 1954, and North Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia finally gained independence status.
But such an outcome was not what Ho Chi Minh had hoped, plus the French rolls up and left. The United States quickly filled the gap in South Vietnam, and immediately set off the second Vietnam War of 20 years, Laos and Cambodia were once again not exempt from the vulgarity, especially the "Ho Chi Minh Trail" located at the junction of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, so that the bondage of the three countries was always difficult to solve, so New China also sent troops to support the Laotian War of Resistance while aiding Vietnam to resist the United States.
In 1972, Sino-U.S. relations were normalized, and the United States finally gained the possibility of getting out of the quagmire of the Vietnam War, and Sino-Vietnamese relations took a sharp turn for the worse.
In 1975, the United States withdrew from South Vietnam, and then South Vietnam was wiped out by North Vietnam and Vietnam was unified. After the reunification of Vietnam, on the one hand, it continued to collude with the Soviet Union, and even concluded a military alliance treaty in December 1978. While constantly provoking its northern neighbor and even setting off a wave of anti-China, Vietnam invaded Cambodia on a large scale in an attempt to relive the old dream of Indochina.
Then, the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam began, Vietnam was completely beaten back to its original form, the Indochina dream was completely shattered into powder, and Laos, Cambodia and other Indochina countries also avoided the possibility of being poisoned by vietnam's small bully.
But the problem is that for decades, Laos has been so deeply influenced by Vietnam that it is even a state in which you have me and I have you, which means that a war simply cannot solve the fundamental problem.
Judging from the development of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, although the fist hit Vietnam, it was the Soviet Union that hurt the flesh. And to some extent, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the counterattack against Vietnam are also necessarily related.
So the tendency of Laos, the transformation is not an overnight achievement. Victory in the war against Vietnam will ensure laos' political independence and will not fall into the tragic fate of being slaughtered by others like Bhutan. The extension of the train is the strongest kinetic energy to change the face of Laos step by step.
In this peaceful competition for comprehensive national strength, Vietnam, as a small country, is still unable to take care of itself, and its proud so-called economic achievements may return to zero overnight under the impact of foreign capital. Therefore, in the face of more demanding competition, especially with its northern neighbors, Vietnam will inevitably be thrown out of 18,000 miles if it makes a move.
There are many omissions, please axe correction.
I am The History of Quiet Night and look forward to your attention.