Dysmenorrhea refers to the periodic spasms and swelling pains in the lower abdomen or waist during and before and after menstruation, which can radiate to the lumbosacral region, inner thighs and around the anus, and have general malaise, which seriously affects daily life. Most dysmenorrhea occurs during menstruation, some people occur a few days before menstruation, abdominal pain worsens after menstruation, and everything is normal after menstruation. The characteristics of abdominal pain are very closely related to menstruation, and abdominal pain does not occur without menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is a common disease and multiple diseases in gynecology, with many etiology, complex pathogenesis, high incidence, frequent onset, very painful attack, and tricky treatment, which seriously affects the work and study of the majority of women, reduces the quality of life, and should be paid attention to.
Causes of dysmenorrhea
01 Primary dysmenorrhea
Refers to dysmenorrhea without pelvic organic lesions, the cause of which is not fully understood. Dysmenorrhea occurs shortly after menarche, sometimes closely related to psychiatric factors, and may also cause dysmenorrhea due to spasmodic contractions of uterine muscles, resulting in uterine ischemia. It is more common in uterine dysplasia, cervical opening or cervical canal narrowing, uterine hyperflexion, so that menstrual blood flow is not smooth, resulting in menstrual blood retention, thereby stimulating uterine contractions and causing dysmenorrhea.
Some women have a flaky membrane that falls off during menstruation, causing pain due to strong uterine contractions before discharge, and the symptoms are alleviated after discharge, called membranous dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is often relieved after childbirth.
02 Secondary dysmenorrhea
Refers to the consequences secondary to pelvic organ lesions, mostly occurring in women of childbearing age several years after menarche, and is common in endometriosis, adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic vein congestion syndrome or uterine malformations.
Dysmenorrhea manifestations
Pain is felt a few hours before menstruation, menstrual pain gradually or rapidly increases, lasting from several hours to 2 to 3 days, generally after the smooth flow of menstrual blood, abdominal pain relief. According to the degree of dysmenorrhea, it can be divided into 3 degrees:
01
Mild
Pain in the lower abdomen during or before and after menstruation is pronounced, with lumbar pain, but tolerable, asymptomatic, able to continue to work, and sometimes requiring painkillers.
02
Moderate
Pain in the lower abdomen during or before and after menstruation is unbearable, accompanied by waist pain, nausea, vomiting, cold limbs, headache and general weakness, and pain can be relieved after taking painkillers.
03
Severe
Abdominal pain during menstruation or before and after the abdomen is unbearable, fidgeting, seriously affecting work and study and daily life, must be bed rest, accompanied by waist pain, pale face, sweating, wet and cold limbs, vomiting, diarrhea, distention, taking painkillers without significant relief, syncope can occur.
First aid methods
01 Strengthen confidence
Believe that dysmenorrhea is completely curable.
02 Change position
Kneeling on the bed and raising the hips during dysmenorrhea can improve the backward position of the uterus, facilitate menstrual blood outflow, relieve pelvic congestion, and alleviate pain and low back discomfort.
03 Manual massage
Massage begins 5 to 7 days before menstruation, stops after menstruation, and massages are applied before the next menstrual period. Menstrual cramps can be prevented or alleviated by massage, and here are five massage methods:
(1) Massage of the lower abdomen: increase the blood circulation of the visceral organs in the lower abdomen, promote microcirculation in the lower abdomen, and have the effect of analgesic and menstrual regulation.
Location: The small abdomen between the navel and the external genitalia, bounded by the left and right anterior superior iliac spines.
Massage method: the patient lies on his back in bed, first rub his hands hot, place his hands in the middle of the lower abdomen, press the abdomen tightly, slowly massage the abdomen, at a frequency of about 10 times / minute, first massage from top to bottom 60 to 100 times, and then massage 60 to 100 times from left to right, and finally massage 60 times in a circle, with local skin ruddy, 1 time in the morning and evening.
(2) Oblique rubbing on both sides of the lower abdomen: it has the effect of relieving pain and regulating menstruation.
Position: Lateral lower abdomen between the lower edge of the rib arch and the iliac bone on both sides.
Massage method: Place your hands on the side of your lower abdomen and rub diagonally from back to front, facing the external genitalia. Do not rub back and forth, be consistent in direction, and take the heat as the degree. Massage for 5 minutes each time.
(3) Rubbing the uterus: Stimulating the uterine acupuncture point is a conditioning method that directly targets the female genitalia, and the pain relief effect is remarkable.
Position: In the lower abdomen, 4 inches in the middle of the umbilicus, then 3 inches parallel to the left and right, there are two uterine holes.
Massage method: use the index finger and middle finger of both hands to press the uterine points on both sides, add a little pressure, slowly knead, to the degree of acid swelling, each massage for 5 minutes.
(4) Kneading too much: it has obvious liver soothing and pain relief effect. Not only can it treat dysmenorrhea, but it can also treat all gynecological diseases.
Position: Between the big toe and the second toe.
Massage method: use the left thumb to knead the right too punch point, there is a feeling of soreness is appropriate, 1 minute later, then change the right thumb finger abdomen to knead the left too punch point for 1 minute.
(5) Pressing the three yin intercourse: it has a relieving effect on the pain of all gynecological diseases.
Position: On the inside of the calf, when 3 inches above the tip of the ankle in the foot, behind the medial border of the tibia.
Massage method: use one side of the thumb finger abdomen to knead the contralateral three yin intercourse points for 1 minute, there is a feeling of soreness and swelling is appropriate, and then change the right thumb finger abdomen to knead the left too punch point for 1 minute.
04 Keep your body warm
Keeping the body warm will speed up blood circulation and relax muscles, especially in spasms and congestive pelvic areas. Drink plenty of hot herbal tea or hot lemon juice. It is also possible to place a hot compress pad or a hot water bottle on the abdomen for a few minutes.
05 Painkillers
(1) Acupuncture method: 3 days before menstruation, use 3g of pepper, vinegar to make a paste, take 2 pieces of adhesive tape, put the pepper paste in the tape, paste the double side of the spring point, massage for 10 minutes.
(2) Hot compress method: use 50g of mugwort leaves, 20g of tangerine peel, 10g of pepper, roasted yellow as the end, add a little white wine, wrap it with gauze, put it in the Guanyuan cave (3 inches below the navel) before going to bed, and press the hot water bag.
(3) Ironing method: cinnamon 10g, fennel 15g, evodia 20g, Yuanhu 15g together ground into fine mince, add an appropriate amount of rice wine, bake and then apply to the umbilicus; can be fixed with tape, after cold can be fried ironing, to not burn the skin as a degree.
(4) Nasal sniffing method: take 0.5g of grass wu, sichuan root, and incense and crush it into a fine powder, and stuff it into the nasal cavity on both sides for 10 to 20 minutes with a silk bag to relieve pain; after 10 minutes, the medicine will be taken out, generally 1 to 3 times.
(5) Warm ironing method: salt 250 ~ 500g, green onion white 250g, crushed ginger 200g, baked together with a cloth bag, placed in the lower abdomen.
06 Dietary remedies
(1) Mother's ointment: you can use 2 kg of motherwort to fry into a paste, eat 1 spoon each time from 3 days before menstruation, 2 times a day, morning and evening on an empty stomach.
(2) Ginger water: If there are cold limbs and white lips during menstrual pain, you can use ginger and brown sugar to fry.
(3) Jade hairpin flower tea: no matter what kind of dysmenorrhea, you can eat 20g of jade hairpin flower, 25g of brown sugar, and 3 boiled eggs, once a day.
(4) Rose tea: 10g roses, 10g of monthly flowers, 15g of motherwort, 10g of angelica, water decoction instead of tea.
(5) Dysmenorrhea tea: suitable for women with dysmenorrhea due to cold, insufficient qi and blood or poor emotions. Attach incense
10g, 10g of Wu medicine, 10g of Yanhusuo, 3g of cinnamon, crushed into powder, brewed into tea with boiling water, 2 doses per day, continuously taken for 3 to 5 days.
(6) Menstrual tea: suitable for women with dysmenorrhea, small menstrual flow and unobstructed. After crushing 60g of angelica, 10g of Sichuan root, and 45g of motherwort, brew with boiling water, 1 dose per day for 5 days.
(7) Active blood tea: suitable for women with little menstrual volume, small abdominal distension and pain, and purple and lumpy menstrual color. You can first crush 5g of safflower, 5g of sandalwood and 1g of green tea and slightly fry it, add 5g of brown sugar and drink it, 1 to 2 doses per day, and take it for 3 to 5 days.
(8) Moon flower tea: suitable for women with slight bloating and vague pain during menstruation 1 to 2 days before menstruation, and less menstrual volume. Take 10g of monthly flowers, 1.5g of black tea, and 25g of brown sugar with boiling water, starting 3 to 4 days before menstruation, and taking it for about 7 consecutive days.
Precautionary approach
01 Strengthen missions
Menstruation is a sign of girls entering puberty, but some girls will have unnecessary psychological changes such as fear, nervousness and shyness due to their lack of understanding of menstrual bleeding. Therefore, for adolescent girls, parents should do a good job of education, and mothers should carry out psychological comfort for their daughters, eliminate concerns, impart experience, and do a good job in personal health care.
02 Live regularly
To adapt to the changes in the natural environment, diet, living, work and leisure should be moderated and scientifically arranged.
03 Do a good job of health care
Do a good job in the five phases of menstruation, pregnancy, puerperium, lactation, and menopause. In these five periods, women's resistance is low, prone to disease, only in personal hygiene, diet, mood, exercise and other aspects of more serious than usual, in order to better prevent gynecological diseases.
04 Exercise
Regular physical exercise can enhance physical fitness, reduce and prevent the occurrence of diseases. During menstruation, adequate sleep should be ensured, and work and labor as usual should be prohibited, but strenuous exercise, such as playing ball, swimming, racing, picking heavy objects, etc., should be prohibited, so as to avoid excessive menstrual bleeding or closure, so that dysmenorrhea will recur. Doing yoga is a great way to exercise, such as kneeling on your knees, sitting on your heels, with your forehead pressed against the ground, and your arms stretched out against the sides of your body. You can maintain this position until you feel uncomfortable.
05 Regulate emotions
Menstrual women are prone to depression or irritability, which can make dysmenorrhea worse, so you should keep your mood comfortable.
06 Actively treat diseases
If you are found to have a gynecological disease, it is necessary to actively treat it to remove hidden dangers.
07 Pay attention to diet
The diet should be light and easy to digest, avoiding raw and cold, indigestible and irritating foods, such as peppers, raw onions, raw garlic, peppers, spirits, etc. Eat more foods containing calcium, protein, linolenic acid, B vitamins, vitamin C, D, E and acidic foods, and a moderate amount of honey, bananas, celery, sweet potatoes and foods containing fiber to prevent constipation and cause dysmenorrhea.
08 Pay attention to keep warm
During menstruation or before and after menstruation, people with painful menstruation should drink more warm boiled water and do not drink more cold drinks. Eating a lot of ice cream during menstruation will reduce menstrual flow, shorten the cycle, and aggravate pain in the lower abdomen. Women with a history of dysmenorrhea should not be cool in the shade of trees, on the veranda, in the aisles for too long; the time for blowing electric fans should not be too long; the temperature of the air-conditioned room should not be adjusted too low, and it is best to adjust to sleep mode at night; it is best to use warm water when bathing, and the water on the body should be dried after washing.
People's Medical Publishing House published "Salvation in One Step"
Editor-in-chief: Sun Wenhui Fu Jie