Death of the South American hero Bolívar
In the early 19th century, Spain colonized Peru, La Plata, Chile, and Venezuela as its colonies in South America. At this time, the inhabitants of South America had long been subjected to the tyrannical rule of the Spanish and Portuguese colonial governments, and the native masses strongly demanded the overthrow of the colonial government and the establishment of an independent state. At this time, a group of revolutionary fighters with a very rebellious spirit emerged in South America.
Born in Venezuela, Simon Bolívar witnessed the brutal exploitation of indigenous people by the colonial government since childhood. He desperately wanted to get rid of the oppression of foreign people and establish a country in which his own people were in charge. Bolívar spent a long time in France, Spain, Italy and other countries in his early years, and he was deeply influenced by the French Revolution. In 1806, Bolívar returned to Venezuela and became actively involved in the local national independence movement. For a long time thereafter, Bolívar played a leading role in the national independence movement. In 1811, the first National Congress of Venezuela was held in Caracas, which decided to proclaim the republic of Venezuela. When the Spanish colonial government learned of this, it immediately sent a large number of troops to suppress it, and the government of the Republic of Venezuela transferred Miranda to take charge of military and political affairs, and Miranda led a team to fight the enemy to the death, but finally lost the Spanish colonial government's strong guns and was forced to negotiate peace with the enemy. Soon after, Miranda left Caracas with a large number of patriots, marking the failure of the creation of the government of the Republic of Venezuela.
Portrait of Bolívar
Bolívar was not discouraged, and he insisted on fighting again. In 1813, Bolívar led a revolutionary army to liberate most of caracas and successfully established the Second Republic of Venezuela. Bolívar served as commander of the army of the Republic, who was in charge of the military and political power. The Spanish colonial forces exiled in the periphery formed a coalition of "royalists" and decided to fight Bolívar to the death. In 1814, the Spanish "royalist" army crushed Bolivar's revolutionary army, the government of the Second Republic of Venezuela was disintegrated, and Bolivar fled to Haiti and Jamaica in chaos. The Haitian head of state, who was greatly supportive of Bolívar's patriotism, decided to provide him with weapons and ships to help him fight against the colonial government forces. However, it suffered many setbacks later. Bolívar learned his lesson and decided to come to the outskirts of the Orinoco River valley in Venezuela, where the revolutionary forces grew rapidly, successfully liberating the geographically advantageous town of Angostura and setting up the revolutionary's fighting headquarters here, where the National Congress was held regularly. In 1819, Bolívar proclaimed the Third Republic of Venezuela, with Bolívar serving as commander-in-chief of the country's army. In the middle of the same year, Bolívar personally led a large army to attack New Granada, annihilating all the enemy troops. Bolívar took advantage of the victory and marched south along the way, recapturing Bogotá in one fell swoop, liberating most of the territory of the region. At the end of that year, Bolívar announced at the National Convention that New Granada and Venezuela would be merged into the Republic of Colombia, with him as the country's supreme commander. Bolívar led a mighty division of the country to wipe out all the remnants of the Spanish colonial government in northern South America. In 1822, Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador jointly formed the Republic of Gran Colombia, with Bolívar as president.
During the Bolivarian Conquest, another revolutionary fighter in southern South America was also fiercely resisting the brutal rule of foreign colonial governments: St. Martin. Saint-Martin's army was strong and disciplined, and by the end of 1820 had liberated all of northern Peru. Later, Saint-Martin declared the independence of Peru in Lima, with him as protector and successfully formed a new government. Soon after, Saint-Martin met with Bolívar to discuss south America's independence plan. Because the two marshals could not be united on major issues, Saint-Martin decided to withdraw from the political arena and submitted his resignation in September 1822, handing over power to the National Assembly. Saint Martin left Peru for Chile and then traveled extensively before dying of illness in France in 1850.
Portrait of Saint-Martin
The new Peruvian government invited Bolívar to enter Peru, and the Peruvian National Assembly decided to hand over all of Peruvian military power to Bolívar. Bolívar integrated his army with the old ministry of Saint-Martin to form the "Liberation Coalition", eliminating all the colonial forces remaining in the mountains, and the colonial governor was forced to sign a surrender agreement with Bolivar. In 1825, Bolívar sent an army to take back several other important cities in Peru. In April of the same year, all of Peru was liberated. In August of that year, Peru declared its formal independence by changing the name of the Republic to the "Bolivarian Republic" and later to the "Republic of Bolivia".
Bolívar participated in countless battles and made an indelible contribution to the cause of independence in South America. However, because of the limitations of his own class, he did not bring more welfare to the people after he came to power, and the peasants not only did not receive land, but the exploitation was more serious than before independence, and gradually lost the support of the people. Finally, Bolívar was unable to shoulder the heavy responsibility, and resigned as president in 1830 AD, and died of illness at home at the end of that year. Later generations have debated this South American revolutionary fighter, but is this a national hero? Or a general who is only fighting for his power? To this day there is no conclusion.