<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > data collation source: network</h1>
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Ludwig Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951), born in Austria and later British nationality. </h1>
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > philosopher and mathematical logician. The founder of the philosophy of language, one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. </h1>
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > curriculum vitae</h1>
Ludwig Wittgenstein was born into a Jewish industrial family in Austria.
Went to the UK to study aeronautical engineering.
In the process of studying mathematics, he thought about the problems of mathematical foundations and read Russell's book "Principles of Mathematics", which aroused his interest in learning logic and philosophy.
He went to Cambridge in 1911 to learn logic under Russell, who admired the talent of his pupil and regarded him as the ideal successor, predicting that the next major development of philosophy would be accomplished by Wittgenstein.
Volunteered for the Austrian army and was captured later in the war. In the prisoner-of-war camp, he summed up the ideas that had been brewing for a long time and completed the Treatise on the Philosophy of Logic.
He sent the manuscript to Russell, who was now in prison for anti-war and had completed a book (Introduction to Mathematical Logic).
The two friends reunited after the war, but eventually broke up due to disagreement.
At Russell's recommendation, The Philosophy of Logic was published in 1919, and the Following Year it was published in English, which immediately caused a sensation in the philosophical community.
But Wittgenstein thought he had solved all philosophical problems and retired to the mountains to become a primary school teacher.
His earlier works also included Notes from 1914-1916.
Wittgenstein returned to Cambridge in 1928 and succeeded Moore as professor of philosophy in 1936.
After a long period of thinking, he abandoned the idea of logical rules as the standard of meaning in the Philosophy of Logic, and instead adopted the rules of everyday semantics as the standard of meaning
His later major work was Philosophical Studies, and he wrote a large number of notes in the process of writing and thinking, which were collected in the Philosophical Review.
Philosophical Grammar, The Blue Book and the Beige Book, A Discussion on the Foundations of Mathematics. In books such as "Discussion on The Philosophy of Mind" and "Fragments", "On Certainty" was written before his death.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the Wittgenstein family</h1>
The Wittgenstein family is one of the most prominent and powerful families in Europe, with a long history of more than hundreds of years.
The influence of this family on the whole world involves politics, economics, culture, philosophy and many other fields.
In the modern history of the world, there is rarely a family whose influence can be so great and so extensive.
Balzac changed the name of their family to Baron Neutzingen with great sarcasm,
But in 300 years, no family in the world has surpassed them financially.
The wealthy family also contributed to us many writers, artists, philosophers, and especially the great philosopher Wittgenstein.
Ludwig Wittgenstein was born on 26 April 1889 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary.
Father Karl Wittgenstein was a European steel industry giant,
Her mother, Leopoldine, the cousin of Hayek's maternal grandfather, was the daughter of a banker.
Ludwig, the youngest of eight children, was of Jewish descent and became British after the Nazi annexation of Austria.
Wittgenstein was educated at home with his siblings from an early age, but the results of his home education did not meet the acceptance criteria of formal high schools.
Like some great figures, Wittgenstein's grades in secondary school were not good, most of them were at the lower middle level, and after three years of unhappiness, he left with the failure of the college entrance examination.
Wittgenstein then aspired to become an engineer. In 1906, Wittgenstein went to Berlin to study mechanical engineering.
In 1908, he entered the Victoria University of Manchester in england to pursue a degree in aerodynamics in aeronautical engineering.
During this time, in order to thoroughly understand the principles of the propeller, and out of interest in the foundations of mathematics, Wittgenstein read Bertrand Russell and Whitehead's "Mathematical Principles" and Gottlob Frege's "Fundamentals of Arithmetic".
In 1911, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge, England, to study under Russell, and later became a student and friend of the British philosopher Russell, who called this acquaintance "one of the most exciting intellectual adventures" of his life.
Wittgenstein, who had been exempt from military service after the beginning of the First World War, actively enlisted as a volunteer and completed the first draft of Tractatus Logico - Philosophicus ; German version: Logische - Philosophische Abhandlung, which marked the so-called philosophical turn in linguistics.
After the "Philosophy of Logic", he believed that the so-called philosophical problems had been solved, so he went to the mountains of southern Austria with aristocratic enthusiasm and joined the Austrian school reform movement advocated by Grücker and became a primary school teacher.
Wittgenstein, who had idealistic pursuits, lived an ascetic life here and was passionate about his students, yet was seen as a "crazy guy" by incomprehensible parents who rejected the eccentric fellow's request to adopt one or both of them.
In 1926, Wittgenstein, who had proved to always be at odds with adults, left the "vulgar and stupid southern peasant" and ended his position as a village teacher.
In the spring of 1928, after listening to a lecture by the mathematician Blauville in Vienna on "Mathematics, Science and Language", Wittgenstein regained a strong interest in philosophical exploration.
In 1929, Wittgenstein returned to Cambridge, passed the doctoral defense reviewed by Russell and G.E. Moore with his treatise on the Philosophy of Logic, remained at Trinity College to teach philosophy, and in 1939 succeeded Moore as professor of philosophy.
In 1947, Wittgenstein, convinced that "professor of philosophy" was "a ridiculous job," resigned from Cambridge to concentrate on thinking and writing.
On April 29, 1951, Wittgenstein, who was suffering from prostate cancer, died at the home of his friend Dr. Edward Bevan.
Wittgenstein has a very deep cultural attainment and a profound perception of the nature of human existence.
In the early years, the Wittgenstein family had a strong artistic and cultural atmosphere, his father Karl Wittgenstein was a long-term art donor, and Brahms, Mahler, etc. were regular customers in this music-filled family.
Ludwig, whose musical talent was not outstanding among the members of the Wittgenstein family, was also very accomplished in clarinet performance, and wittgenstein, who was considered to have a difficulty in written expression, was also very proficient in writing.
Wittgenstein was also very fond of the works of the Austrian literary critic Karl Kraus.
However, "misfortune" was associated with the philosopher very early on, and loneliness and depression filled Wittgenstein's life.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > philosophical introduction</h1>
His major works, The Treatise on the Philosophy of Logic and The Study of Philosophy, respectively, represent two phases of contrasting philosophical paths that spanned his life.
The former is mainly deconstructed, so that philosophy becomes a linguistic problem, philosophy must face language, "anything that can be said, can be said clearly, and everything that cannot be said, should be silent", philosophy is nothing more than to explain the problem clearly.
The latter returns philosophy to philosophy, after deconstruction is construction, and it is impossible to create a strict set of languages that can express philosophy, because the language of daily life is endless, which is the basis and source of philosophy, so the essence of philosophy should be solved in daily life, and the game is understood in the "game".
Wittgenstein's shift in thought stemmed from his own long-term independent thinking and the help of his teachers or friends.
His independent thinking focuses on how to become a "metaphysical self", a self that can constantly exchange information with the world.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > works</h1>
* Theory of Logical Philosophy (First Work "The Theory of Names"), translated by Zhang Shenfu, chen Qiwei school
* Philosophical Studies, translated by Chen Jiaying, Shanghai Century Publishing Group, 2001
*On Certainty, translated by Zhang Jinyan, Guangxi Normal University Press
* Culture and Value (Wittgenstein Notes)
* Blue Book and Brown Book
* Comments on mathematical foundations
* Philosophical commentary
* Philosophical grammar
* Wittgenstein's Cambridge Lecture Collection
* Blue Book
* A philosophical investigation
* On the foundations of mathematics
* Philosophical Review of Psychology
* Miscellaneous reviews
* Slip set
* Comments about colors
* Lectures on ethics and others
* On color
* The last book on the philosophy of psychology
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > research literature</h1>
Original in foreign languages
*Malcom: Norman Malcolm, Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir, translated by Li Bulou and He Shaojia, The Commercial Press, 1984
* Van Pearson: C.A. Van Pearson, Ludwig Wittgenstein: An
Introduction to His philosophy), translated by Liu Dong and Xie Weihe, Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1988
*Ayer: Wittgenstein, translated by Chen Yongshi and Xu Yili, China Social Science Press, 1989
* William Bartley: A Biography of Wittgenstein, translated by Du Liyan, Oriental Publishing Center, 2000
* Pierce: Wittgenstein, translated by Wang Chengbing et al., Kunlun Publishing House, 2000
Chinese original
Interpretation of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Studies, co-authored by Han Lin, The Commercial Press, 2010
* Wittgenstein's Philosophical Review, by Shu Weiguang, Triptych Bookstore, 1982
* "Finding a Homeland: Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Language from a Multidimensional Perspective", by Shang Zhiying, People's Publishing House, 1992
* Wittgenstein's Philosophical Path, co-authored by Han Lin, Yunnan University Press, 1996; Taiwan, 1994
* Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture, by Jiang Yi, Social Science Literature Publishing House, 1996, 1998, 2002
* The Biography of Wittgenstein, by Jiang Yi, Hebei People's Publishing House, 1997
* Wittgenstein, by Jiang Yi, Hunan Education Publishing House, 1999
* Out of the Labyrinth of Language: An Overview of Later Wittgenstein's Philosophy, by Wang Xiaosheng, Social Science Literature Press, 1999
* "A Study on the Theory of Logical Philosophy", co-authored by Han Lin, The Commercial Press, 2000
* Introduction to the Theory of Logical Philosophy, by Jiang Yi, Sichuan Education Press, 2002
* "Wittgenstein", Commentaries on Famous Western Philosophers (continued volume II), by Xu Youyu, Shandong People's Publishing House, 1988
* The "Copernican Revolution", by Xu Youyu, Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore, 1994
* Wittgenstein: Out of the Cage of Language, edited by Zhang Xueguang, according to Ray Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius, Liaohai Press, 1999
* Wittgenstein, by Zhao Dunhua, Hong Kong, 1987
* Wittgenstein's Philosophy: Interpretation, Criticism, and Exploration of His Early Philosophy, by Liu Fuzeng, Taiwan, 1987
* The Genius of Philosophical Analysis: Weigenstein, by Chen Rongbo, Taiwan, 1982
* "Weigenstein", written by Chen Rongbo, Original by Polson, Taiwan, 1982