In the last years of China's Southern Song Dynasty, there were three leaders who led the military and the people to resist the invasion of the Yuan army, namely Wen Tianxiang, Zhang Shijie, and Lu Xiufu, who were revered as the "Three Masters of the Late Song Dynasty". Yesterday, the author has introduced the deeds of Wen Tianxiang, and then I will introduce Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, and today I will first talk about Zhang Shijie's heroic story. Next, we will introduce the deeds of Lu Xiufu, so please continue to pay attention to them.
Portrait of Zhang Shijie
Zhang Shijie insisted on resisting the war and never surrendered; but because of improper tactics, he was martyred in the end.
One. The attack and defense were orderly and initially meritorious
Zhang Shijie was a native of Fanyang County, Zhuozhou (present-day Zhuozhou, Hebei). When he was young, he was considered a prodigy by people of insight and summoned him to serve in the late Southern Song Dynasty general Lü Wende. Because of his heroic battles and many meritorious deeds, he was promoted to the command of the armies of Wuding in Huangzhou, and later added to the rank of environmental sanitation officer, successively serving as the Zhigao Postal Army and Andong Prefecture.
In the fourth year of Xianchun (1268 AD), the Yuan army built Lumen Fort, and Lü Wende sent Zhang Shijie and Xia Gui to the imperial court to request more troops. Unexpectedly, when reinforcements arrived, Lü Wende had already surrendered to the Yuan army in Xiangyang, and the imperial court had to order Zhang Shijie to lead 5,000 people to garrison Ezhou.
Zhang Shijie blockaded the two cities with iron cables, added artillery, bows and crossbows, scattered wooden stakes in prominent places, and set up attack equipment. Although the Yuan army broke through the new city and drove down for a long time, because Zhang Shijie led his troops to strictly guard against death, the Yuan army could not advance half a step, and the Yuan army sent people to try to recruit him, and Zhang Shijie did not obey at all.
Portrait of Zhang Shijie
In the end, Yuan Cheng Xiang Bo Yan Yang ming attacked Yan Shan Pass, secretly charged from Tang Port with a water army into Hanshui, and attacked Ezhou in the east, which forced Ezhou to surrender. Although the battle was lost, Zhang Shijie's defensive tactics still achieved initial results.
Two. The war of resistance was strong-willed, and the tactics were repeatedly improper
When the Yuan army gradually moved south and forced the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Duzong of Song ordered all the generals to enter the Qin King, but there were almost no responders, and only Zhang Shijie led his army through Raozhou to enter the Lin'an imperial court to guard. While sighing and marveling, Emperor Duzong of Song greatly admired Zhang Shijie's loyalty and sent him from the defense envoy of Hezhou to the Baokang Army several times, and made him the governor of the capital.
Zhang Shijie lived up to the emperor's expectations, and he sent his generals to attack everywhere, taking the counties of western Zhejiang and recovering the cities of Pingjiang, Anji, Guangde, and Liyang, which made the army quite excited. Subsequently, Zhang Shijie, Liu Shiyong and other generals sent out to Jiaoshan on a large scale to further block the Yuan army from moving south.
Battle of Jiaoshan
However, in the Battle of Jiaoshan, although the Song army was highly motivated and strong-willed, it was defeated by using the wrong tactics. Zhang Shijie ordered ten boats to be formed into a merger ship, and the lower boats were moored in the river, and without the order not to open the boats, he expressed his determination to die. (However, this committed the same mistake of Cao Cao in the Battle of Chibi during the Three Kingdoms period.) ）
Yuan Commander Ah Shu carried Zhang Man's crossbow soldiers attacked and merged the ship with rockets, Zhang Shijie's army was confused, no one dared to open the fire, resulting in more than 10,000 deaths in the river (Yuan Commander should have read the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and knew the burning Chibi tactics of the victory of Sun and Liu at that time).
Therefore, Zhang Shijie was defeated and fled to the Mountain. The army that had asked the imperial court for help did not receive a reply. Unfortunately, however, Zhang Shijie did not accept this lesson and made the same mistake in the subsequent Battle of Yashan.
Battle of Yashan Sea
In the second year of Xiangxing (1279 AD), the army of Zhang Hongfan, the commander of the Yuan army, and others arrived at Yashan, and the commander of the Song army at the time, Zhang Shijie, was worried that the army had a discrete heart at sea for a long time, so he said: "After sailing on the sea for many years, when is it a time?" It is time to fight the enemy. He ordered that all the markets where the emperor was temporarily stationed be burned down, and that more than a thousand large ships be linked together to make a water village, as a dead end.
On February 20, the Yuan army's main general Zhang Hongfan and others attacked Yashan, and seeing that Zhang Shijie was so deployed, he immediately adopted the same tactic of the "Battle of Jiaoshan" - fire attack, and the fire destroyed the Song army's water village, and Zhang Shijie suffered the same defeat. This is the consequence of his failure to accept the lessons of the previous period.
Three. He refused to surrender many times, and finally martyred himself
Zhang Shijie resolutely resisted the Yuan army in his life, because the Strength of the Song Army was not strong, and the tactics were improper, the Song Army often encountered defeats, and often encountered the phenomenon of the Yuan Army's persuasion, but he firmly refused every time, fully demonstrating his determination and confidence in defending his family and defending the country to the death.
Zhang Shijie standing portrait
As early as when he was stationed in Ezhou, because the Yuan army could not attack for a long time, he had sent people to surrender him, but Zhang Shijie resolutely disobeyed; and there was also the Yuan army faction of Bian Biao to persuade Zhang Shijie to surrender, Zhang Shijie thought that Bian Biao had come to follow him to the south, so he used the vertebrae to kill cattle for him to enjoy, and when the wine was half eaten, Bian Biao persuaded him to surrender, Zhang Shijie was immediately furious, and cut off his tongue, and split his body at the Towel Mountain.
For another example, the Yuan general Zhang Hongfan got a nephew of Zhang Shijie surnamed Han, so he gave him an official job, and sent him three times to recruit Zhang Shijie, Zhang Shijie counted the ancient monarchs and said: "I know that if I surrender, I can not only survive but also become rich, but my ambition to die for the emperor cannot be shaken." ”
Later, when the Southern Song Dynasty came to an end under the fierce attack of the Yuan army, Zhang Shijie heard the death of the Song Emperor Zhao Fu and Empress Yang who had committed suicide in the sea and decided to martyr himself. At the time when the hurricane suddenly broke out, the soldiers persuaded Zhang Shijie to land, and Zhang Shijie said, "No need." ”
Portrait of Zhang Wenzhong
Then Zhang Shijie ascended the tower, and Lu Xiang blessed: "I have done everything I can do for the Zhao clan, one king dies, another king is established, and now it is dead again." The reason why I have not died is that I hope that the enemy soldiers will retreat and then establish another Zhao clan to survive. Now that we've come to this point, isn't it providence! Soon Zhang Shijie drowned in a storm at the foot of Pingzhang Mountain (about the open sea of Hailing Island, southwest of present-day Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province).
Our warrior Zhang Shijie was martyred in this way, and in order to commemorate him, people honored him together with Wen Tianxiang and Lu Xiufu as the "Three Masters of the Late Song Dynasty".
In short, Zhang Shijie, a famous general and national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty in China, always insisted on resisting the war and never surrendered; however, due to improper tactics, the national strength of the Southern Song Dynasty declined at the end of the year, and finally martyred the country. His strong national integrity deserves our study and praise; his loyal and patriotic spirit of hard bones that will never surrender is even more worthy of people's admiration and praise.
Statue of Sanjie at the end of the Song Dynasty
This article is original by "Lao Wu Kan Guoxue Now Use", welcome to pay attention, learn together, and make progress together!