"Railway Guerrilla" is a classic film and television work widely loved by audiences, and the reason why this drama can be so wonderful is on the one hand because the actors are serious and dedicated, on the other hand, a large number of wonderful plots in the play are adapted from historical real events.
In the Lunan area during the War of Resistance Against Japan, there was such a railway guerrilla force that frightened the Japanese.
They were active on the main transportation routes behind enemy lines, had destroyed the logistics and supply transportation of the Japanese army for the purpose of heroically and flexibly maneuvering with the Japanese army, and won many favorable conditions for the War of Resistance Against Japan in some areas.
In this film and television work, the image of Liu Hong, a railway guerrilla leader, is particularly impressive. He was brave and decisive, and led the railway guerrillas to do many thrilling things.
It is said that art comes from life, so in the real history of the railway guerrillas, who is the prototype of the captain, and what is his superiority? How did you live after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and did you get any military ranks?
In fact, the prototype of the captain comes from the two captains of the real railway guerrillas. The first captain is called Hong Zhenhai, and the second captain is liu Jinshan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > poor and devoted themselves to the revolution</h1>
In the autumn of 1915, Liu Jinshan was born into an ordinary miner's family in Caizhuang Village, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province. He is the only child in the family and has been loved by his parents and elders since he was a child.
However, his family has been plagued by disasters, with his grandfather dying at the age of four and his mother dying at the age of six. By the age of eight, his father and uncle Liu Jixian were also killed by the village bullies.
The grandmother had no choice but to take Liu Jinshan along the street to beg. In the midst of hunger and cold, he grew up to the age of 12 and went down to the coal mine railway line to do child labor.
However, it is this difficult and difficult growth environment that has exercised Liu Jinshan's hard-working quality and unswerving will.
Years of experience working with locomotives in coal mines also laid a solid foundation for becoming a well-known railway guerrilla leader in the future.
In March 1938, the Japanese occupied most of Shandong. Liu Jinshan's coal mine was also forced to stop production, and a large number of coal miners lost their jobs.
By the age of 25, Liu Jinshan had witnessed the atrocities committed by the Japanese and decided to join the Eighth Route Army and become an anti-Japanese guerrilla.
Two years later, Liu Jinshan was appointed as the leader of the Lunan Railway Detachment for his outstanding performance, and joined the Communist Party of China in January 1941.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > was ordered in danger and made countless achievements</h1>
The founder of the guerrilla group, Hong Zhenhai, was also one of the sources of Liu Hong's early image, but unfortunately the hero did not wait for the day when the revolution was victorious.
Due to the betrayal of traitors, Hong Zhenhai died heroically in an anti-sweeping war. After his death, the railway guerrillas faced an extremely severe test.
On the one hand, the Japanese Kou were heavily encircled and suppressed, and on the other hand, the troops were leaderless and scattered, and at this time, a new leader was urgently needed to stand up and lead the railway guerrillas out of the predicament.
However, the original vice captain Wang Zhisheng could not lead the team to fight because of serious injuries.
So the guerrilla political commissar proposed that each member of the team put a bean as a vote in a thick porcelain bowl behind his favorite captain candidate, and finally determine the candidate according to the number of beans in the bowl, and Liu Jinshan was the leader that everyone expected.
In the summer of 1941, in order to get out of the difficult situation, Liu Jinshan decided to take down the head of the special agent sent by the enemy to be responsible for the suppression of the railway guerrillas, Gao Gang (that is, the prototype of the Japanese special agent captain Gangcun in the TV series "Railway Guerrilla").
In order to find out the enemy's situation, Liu Jinshan led the guerrillas to infiltrate Lincheng in disguise five times, eliminated chang Shangde, the puppet army commander who played for the tiger, and learned about the routine of the Japanese army.
Wang Zhisheng
Subsequently, Liu Jinshan led the guerrillas disguised as railway workers and went deep into the vicinity of the enemy's secret service station to investigate the location of the sentry and understand the location of the sentry.
At more than ten o'clock in the night, when the enemy's defense was lax, Liu Jinshan led the team to attack the Japanese office, killed Gao Gang with one shot, and ended the battle in just 10 minutes.
In the six months since then, Liu Jinshan has organized more than ten night raids on Japanese railway stations, seized a large number of weapons, ammunition, cloth, medicines, grain, batteries, paper, and other military supplies, and transported them to the mountain base areas in a timely manner, breaking the enemy's blockade and giving great encouragement and support to the military and people in the anti-Japanese base areas in the mountainous areas.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > god soldiers descend from heaven, railway flying tigers</h1>
After 1941, the Japanese Kou frequently launched large-scale sweeps of the Revolutionary Base Area in Lunan Province, using countless heavy fire weapons such as aircraft, tanks, and artillery.
Our army, on the other hand, has only extremely rudimentary combat equipment, and is at an absolute disadvantage in terms of manpower, firepower, and logistical supply.
In this harsh war environment, Liu Jinshan led the railway guerrillas to actively cooperate with the main forces and launch an anti-sweeping war.
Surprise attacks were constantly launched on the enemy's main transport routes, destroying the enemy's railways and roads, cutting off the enemy's supply lines, and achieving extremely impressive results.
One of the most classic ways of fighting is "car grabbing and crashing".
The guerrillas first ambushed the railway in advance, and when the train passed, they quickly jumped on the speeding train, secretly controlled the locomotive, drove the train to the railway bridge, and then removed the hook between the locomotive and the rear carriage, let the locomotive continue to advance and pull away, and then quickly reversed and crashed into the carriage.
The rear carriage was loaded with a large amount of gunpowder and other flammable and explosive materials, and the bridge collapsed with a loud noise, and these gunpowder fell into the bottomless abyss with the train.
This way of fighting, while destroying the enemy's main communication routes, also cut off the enemy's supplies, and more cleverly, it does not require any heavy weapons of our army to cause extremely considerable results.
It was with this method of warfare that Liu Jinshan led the railway guerrillas to victory one after another, hindered the support of the Japanese army for a full week, left a great room for the main force of our army to adapt, and laid an important foundation for the victory of the anti-sweep war.
In the winter, our army wore worn-out single clothes and straw shoes. Due to the heavy blockade of the Japanese army, it is difficult for our army to obtain the necessary cotton clothes, quilts and other materials for winter.
Watching the soldiers starve and freeze every day, Liu Jinshan slept and ate unsteadily. In order for the soldiers to have a warm winter, Liu Jinshan decided to lead the guerrillas to the rear of the Japanese army to "borrow" supplies.
They first learned that japanese military uniforms, cans, and other supplies were transported by train from the Tsuura Line, but because the Japanese army was heavily guarded, it was extremely difficult to transport the supplies without being discovered.
But this is difficult to defeat the resourceful Liu Jinshan. He led the guerrillas to sneak up on the train station in the middle of the night and stayed until early in the morning when they launched a surprise attack in the fog.
In the thick fog, the Lights of the Japanese Army became a decoration, and the guerrillas easily controlled the train, obtained a large number of uniforms, guns and ammunition, and suddenly solved the logistical supply problem of the three armies of the Lunan Military Region, and the officers and men of our army were able to spend a warm winter.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" > sword in his arms and dagger in his sleeve</h1>
In addition to interrupting the enemy's supply lines and conducting guerrilla operations behind enemy lines, the railway guerrillas have a more important revolutionary task, that is, to protect comrades entering and leaving the revolutionary base areas.
At that time, Chen Yi was the commander of the New Fourth Army, and he needed to depart from Yan'an and cross the Jinpu Railway to the Shandong Military Region, which was escorted by Liu Jinshan himself.
After Chen Yi arrived in the Shandong Military Region, he gave high recognition to the outstanding military achievements of the railway guerrillas.
The revolutionary work was not smooth sailing, and the Shandong Military Region suffered heavy losses in the Suyulu Border Region, Taishan District, and Binhai District because of the strong work style of subjectivism, sectarianism, and the eight strands of the party, and Liu Shaoqi was instructed by the secretary of the Central Committee to go to the Shandong Military Region to correct his mistakes.
However, the distance from the coast to Rusi Road was full of enemy blockades, and it was extremely difficult to reach safely.
At that time, everyone worked out two plans, one was for the main force to send a battalion escort, and the other was escorted by the Lunan Railway Guerrillas in disguise, and Comrade Liu Shaoqi resolutely agreed to be escorted by the Railway Guerrillas.
Liu Jinshan and other railway guerrillas disguised themselves to protect Liu Shaoqi from crossing Jinpu Road, and along the way there were many dangers, and even patrol cars stopped in front of them.
However, the enemy on the railway side had long been frightened by the railway guerrillas, and at night people were panicked, and when they saw a shadow of a person flashing by, they fired a few random shots and turned their heads to escape, so that Liu Shaoqi and others could overcome the danger.
They trotted along the Gansha River, straight into Weishan Lake, and successfully arrived at the anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines.
Not only Liu Shaoqi and Chen Yi, but in the process from 1942 to the victory of the revolution, nearly a thousand revolutionary comrades passed safely under the escort of the railway guerrillas, which is why they were praised by General Xiao Hua as swords in their arms and daggers in their sleeves.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > the sand ditch was lowered and crossed the river south</h1>
In 1945, the Emperor of Japan announced his surrender. However, the Japanese Kou, who were entrenched in the Zaozhuang area, still refused to tie their hands. With the cover of armored vehicles, this Japanese army fled all the way to the Shagou area of Xuzhou.
The fighters of the railway guerrillas obtained intelligence in advance and intercepted it. However, these Japanese troops were arrogant and clamored to break the net with the railway guerrillas.
Although the Japanese fled in a hurry, their combat effectiveness could not be underestimated by virtue of their numerical superiority and the fire cover of armored vehicles. If the railway guerrillas confronted them, they would suffer heavy casualties.
As the captain, Liu Jinshan did not choose to fight the Japanese army head-on, but contacted the Japanese captain in time and asked the Japanese army to negotiate with our army.
After exerting pressure on many fronts, the squad leader of the unit finally gave in, chose to surrender his weapons, and surrendered en masse. In this incident, Liu Jinshan led the railway guerrillas to capture two heavy artillery, 8 heavy machine guns and more than 130 light machine guns, an armored vehicle, and countless other supplies.
Under the severe situation of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, this material has been of great help to our army. Liu Jinshan and his railway guerrillas were also famous for this surrender.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the railway guerrillas gloriously fulfilled their historical tasks. The heroes returned home, and Liu Jinshan also left the revolutionary post he had struggled for many years to become the deputy director of the Lunan Railway Bureau.
In August 1946, the Kuomintang launched a civil war, focusing on the Shandong Liberated Area. In order to hinder the enemy's action and buy time for the revolution, the Lunan Military Region urgently recalled most of the backbone of the former railway guerrilla group, reorganized the Lunan Railway Brigade, and Liu Jinshan re-served as the brigade commander.
On the familiar Jinpu Line, he once again led the railway guerrillas to carry out layers of blockades, dragging the Kuomintang troops along the railway line, unable to move, and excellently fulfilled the tasks of the party organization.
At the end of the year, the unit was reorganized into the 2nd Battalion of the Special Mission Regiment of the Lunan Military Region, and Liu Jinshan served as the deputy regimental commander and the commander of the second battalion.
In October 1948, Liu Jinshan's unit took the lead in attacking the city of Nanjing, in order to cover the cross of the river by his comrades-in-arms, Liu Jinshan led the troops to overcome many difficulties, took the lead in occupying the Pukou wharf, and enthusiastically communicated with the local people.
Many local boat bosses have heard of Liu Jinshan's famous name, and have asked the ship transport troops to cross the river to fight, and many ordinary people have dismantled their own door panels and made simple wooden boats to help our army cross the river.
In this campaign, Liu Jinshan led his troops to make great achievements and successfully fired the first shot under the city of Nanjing, which greatly reduced the sacrifice of the follow-up troops of our army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="14" > military merit, perfect answer</h1>
After the founding of New China, Liu Jinshan served as the commander of the 307th Regiment of the Thirty-seventh Army, the chief of staff of the Jinhua Military Sub-district in Zhejiang, and the first secretary of the county party committee of Lanxi County, Zhejiang Province, after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
He worked diligently in his post for decades and trained countless outstanding revolutionary fighters for New China.
After 1950, the Kuomintang did not die, leaving a large number of troops to infiltrate the southern mountains as bandits, which had a very bad impact on the image of new China and seriously threatened the lives and safety of the nearby people.
Liu Jinshan successively served as chief of staff of the Eighth Military Subdistrict of the Zhejiang Provincial Military Region and chief of staff of the 103rd Division, 105th Division, and 17th Public Security Division of the Zhejiang Provincial Military Region.
In March 1953, Liu Jinshan was ordered to go to the Korean battlefield to study on the ground, and soon after returning to China, he was transferred to the Seventeen Accelerated Middle School of the Nanjing Military Region to study, and in 1955, the state held a ceremony to award titles, and Liu Jinshan was honorably awarded the rank of colonel by virtue of his great achievements.
He graduated in January 1957 and was appointed deputy commander of the Nantong Military Subdistrict in Jiangsu Province. In April 1968, he was appointed commander of the Suzhou Military Sub-district, and in 1978, he was appointed as an adviser to the Nantong Military Sub-district.
He has been awarded the "Third Degree Independence Freedom Medal", "Third Class Liberation Medal" and "Independent Meritorious Service Medal".
In August 1980, he left his post and went to the Second Dry Rest Center of Suzhou Military Sub-district to recuperate.
On August 23, 1995, at the commemoration meeting marking the 50th anniversary of the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Liu Jinshan, along with General Sun Yi of the Old Red Army, Ge Zhenlin, a survivor of the Five Heroes of The Wolf-Tooth Mountain, and other veteran heroes, was cordially received by Jiang Zemin and other central leaders.
Their heroic deeds were highly praised by the party organization.
In September 1981, Liu Jinshan left his post to recuperate and enjoy the treatment of deputy military post.
After Liu Jinshan died of illness in 1996, he was buried in the Linshan Railway Guerrilla Memorial Park in Xuecheng District, Zaozhuang City, and around his tomb was another railway guerrilla hero, Wang Zhisheng, who was collectively known locally as the "Tomb of the Two Heroes".