Who is the prototype of the leader of the "railway guerrilla", what rank will be awarded after the founding of the country, and what will be the final outcome: "The sun in the west is about to set, and the weishan lake is quiet." Play my beloved earthen lute and sing that moving song. ”
Whenever the song "Play My Beloved EarthEn Pipa" sounds, people always remember the gripping scene in the TV series "Railway Guerrilla".
Establishment of railway guerrillas
Liu Hong, the protagonist of the TV series "Railway Guerrilla", is the leader of the railway guerrilla and was once a living revolutionary fighter in the history of the anti-Japanese resistance.
The hero portrayed in the film and television drama is an honor exclusive to two people:
Hong Zhenhai, the founder of the railway guerrilla, and Liu Jinshan, the founder of the guerrilla group.
The film takes a word from each of the two captains, which has "Liu Hong".
When people think of railway guerrillas, the first word that comes to people's minds is haunting.
Under the leadership of captains Hong Zhenhai and Liu Jinshan, the soldiers of the railway guerrillas relied on the mountains and rivers to attack the Japanese army near the railway line, creating one miracle after another. Few people understand how thrilling the creation and development of railway guerrillas is.
In 1938, Zaozhuang and other areas in Shandong were occupied by the Japanese Kou one after another, and the Japanese army burned and plundered the local area, and did no evil, and the people suffered greatly. Although our army is weak, it is not willing to sit still.
At this critical moment, Hong Zhenhai accepted the organizational appointment, infiltrated Zaozhuang, and established an anti-Japanese intelligence station.
Because of his experience of exploitation and aggression in the past, Hong Zhenhai has been a staunch revolutionary since childhood. Since joining the revolutionary ranks, Hong Zhenhai has performed well and has been valued and trusted by the organization.
This time, he went to Zaozhuang to carry out a struggle in the hinterland of the enemy army, and the difficulties and obstacles could be imagined. However, Hong Zhenhai and the warriors were scrappy and created victories again and again.
In 1939, the Japanese army established the Zhengtai Foreign Company in Zaozhuang. The foreign firm ostensibly conducted commercial activities, but in fact it was a transportation liaison station for the Japanese army's underground intelligence network. Relying on foreign behavior, the Japanese army collected intelligence on our party's underground workers in Zaozhuang, which brought great losses to our side.
Yes, the organization ordered Hong Zhenhai and others to eradicate it. After receiving the order, Hong Zhenhai and others secretly infiltrated the foreign company and killed the big treasurer and the second treasurer in one fell swoop.
After this battle, the underground intelligence network of the Japanese army was broken, and the plan to arrest our Party members had to be temporarily shelved.
Hong Zhenhai
In October, Hong Zhenhai and others again received news that there were a large amount of ammunition on the train docked at the station by the Japanese army. At that time, the revolutionary situation was difficult, guns, ammunition, and medical drugs were in short supply, and after consulting with his teammates, Hong Zhenhai decided to rob The Japanese guns.
Before the formal operation began, our army made a careful plan. Hong Zhenhai and his comrades-in-arms destroyed the train to buy time for our comrades-in-arms to arrive at the designated location.
At eight o'clock in the evening, the vehicle failure was repaired, and in the chaos, Hong Zhenhai boarded the train. As the train reached its destination, Hong Zhenhai threw his guns and ammunition out of the window, and his comrades, who had been waiting for a long time, collected their guns and then transferred.
In this robbery plan, Hong Zhenhai and others seized two machine guns and several rifles, and gained a lot.
They moved their guns and ammunition to the front line overnight
It made great contributions to the frontal resistance of our army.
Thanks to the efforts of Hong Zhenhai and others, the scale of the anti-Japanese intelligence station gradually expanded. At the end of 1938, Hong Zhenhai and several other members established the Zaozhuang Railway Team.
Engage in maneuvering with the enemy near the lines of communication.
Later, after organizational research, it was decided that the Zaozhuang Railway Team would be reorganized into the Lunan Railway Team, with Hong Zhenhai as the captain.
The establishment of the Lunan Railway Brigade has greatly boosted the morale of the soldiers of our army
Two railway guerrilla teams were established near the Jinpu Railway and Lincheng Station. Later, the three railway guerrillas merged, and the force was irresistible.
In 1940, the Japanese invaders became more and more arrogant in the Lunan area. Hong Zhenhai cooperated with the soldiers, intercepted a large number of weapons, ammunition and money, killed more than 30 Japanese troops, and gave the enemy a great deterrent.
Since then, the railway guerrillas led by Hong Zhenhai and others have been famous for a while, which has made the Japanese army feel frightened.
The power of the railway guerrillas gradually grew, and the Japanese army was quite jealous of this. They offered a heavy reward to Hong Zhenhai and other fighters, and tried every means to encircle and suppress them. However, the local people have great respect for Hong Zhenhai and are reluctant to betray the revolutionary heroes for money. The Japanese army was quite helpless, and could only change its strategy and break through from within.
The Japanese spent a lot of money to bribe the traitors and japanese puppet troops, ordering them to search the local area for news of the railway guerrillas.
In 1941, the Japanese army sent soldiers to surround the village of Huangbuzhuang, the headquarters of the railway guerrillas, and launched a fierce attack on Hong Zhenhai and others.
In the confusion, Hong Zhenhai was hit by a stray bullet and fell into a pool of blood.
This railway guerrilla leader, who had made great achievements in battle, died heroically for the victory of the revolution. In order to prevent Hong Zhenhai's body from being found by the enemy,
Villagers secretly buried the captain's body in a ditch in the north of the village.
After the victory of the revolution, people moved Hong Zhenhai's body to his hometown in Dabeitang Village, Tengzhou. The founder of the railway guerrilla will always live in people's hearts.
In the face of danger, he was ordered to sleep at night
Hong Zhenhai died heroically, and the fighters of the railway guerrillas were devastated. However, the army cannot be without a marshal for a day, and the top priority of the soldiers is to elect the next railway guerrilla leader. After discussion, the comrades reached an agreement,
Liu Jinshan was elected as the new captain.
In 1940, Liu Jinshan saw that the people of The Land of China were ruined, and the people did not care about life, so they could not bear it, so they threw themselves into the revolution. Liu Jinshan initially joined the local anti-Japanese team, and after a certain resistance, he accidentally lost with a large army, but accidentally encountered members of the railway guerrillas.
Liu Jinshan
At that time, the railway guerrillas were already famous, and Liu Jinshan joined it without hesitation and became a part of it. Liu Jinshan has a flexible mind and can always win by surprise, and soon after, he was appreciated by the first captain Hong Zhenhai.
He was promoted to the rank of commander of the Railway Guerrilla Detachment.
In order to obtain intelligence, Liu Jinshan disguised himself, went deep into the enemy camp, captured several agents, and obtained the specific whereabouts of the Japanese generals.
After drawing up a detailed plan, Liu Jinshan led other fighters of the railway guerrillas to secretly infiltrate his office and kill him.
After the death of the senior general, the Japanese secret service network established in the local area was severely damaged, and the railway guerrillas were given a chance to breathe.
Liu Jinshan was experienced in the struggle, and the soldiers and organizations firmly believed that he would be able to lead the railway guerrillas to create new glory.
In May 1942, Liu Jinshan was officially appointed as the leader of the railway guerrillas. In the following six months, the railway guerrillas, led by Liu Jinshan, attacked the Japanese army many times.
A large number of weapons and equipment and military supplies were seized.
With the help of the railway guerrillas, the soldiers on the front-line battlefield had no worries and were quite effective in resisting the enemy.
As the Japanese invaders frequently carried out large-scale sweeps of the Revolutionary Base Areas in Lunan Province, in accordance with the instructions of his superiors, Liu Jinshan led the railway guerrillas to launch surprise attacks near the enemy's main communication routes and cooperate with the main forces in the anti-sweeping struggle.
In countless experiments, Liu Jinshan invented a special way to intercept materials, that is, to seize cars and crash cars.
The members of the railway guerrillas ambushed near the railway line beforehand, waiting for the train to come, and they jumped on the train, controlled the front of the train, and drove it to the railway bridge.
The warriors then removed the hook between the locomotive and the carriage, and when the two carriages were separated, they quickly reversed, and the two carriages collided together.
The Japanese usually loaded large quantities of gunpowder into the carriages, and after the huge impact, the bridge collapsed and then disappeared without a trace.
In this way, Liu Jinshan repeatedly led his men to skillfully cut off the enemy's supplies in unexpected ways, which bought time for our army to fight on the front line.
In the autumn of 1942, the railway guerrillas received the news:
Military munitions loaded with cotton coats will pass by the railway near Weishan Lake.
Liu Jinshan led members of the railway guerrillas, rowing boats, hiding near weishan Lake on the side of the railway.
At night, the train passed, and Liu Jinshan and his men solved the Japanese troops on the last carriage and successfully opened the door. The car was loaded with exactly the white cloth that our army needed on the front line. The warriors rejoiced,
Carry the cloth as fast as you can onto a small boat parked in the reeds
, do not dare to slacken off. Even so, the enemy discovered the robbery of the carriage at the crack of dawn.
The Japanese sent a large number of soldiers to encircle the railway guerrillas, and by this time all the cloth had moved to the lake, but there were fewer ships, and it was even more difficult to completely move. With enemy-chased and intercepted in front and slow-moving ships in the back, the fighters of the railway guerrillas could not help but get bogged down.
At this critical juncture,
A huge amount of water vapor suddenly rose from Weishan Lake
, extremely low visibility. The Japanese did not know the geographical conditions of Weishan Lake and did not dare to come forward easily, so the soldiers seized the opportunity to carry all the cloth onto the boat and then left smoothly.
After shrugging off the Japanese, Liu Jinshan contacted the organization and sent the intercepted cloth to the front.
The white cloth provided by the railway guerrillas solved the dilemma of the soldiers who had no clothes to wear.
The organization commended Liu Jinshan and other members of the railway guerrillas, and the morale of the soldiers was greatly encouraged.
The mainstay of the War of Resistance
Important lines of communication such as the Jinpu Railway are the main areas of activity of the railway guerrillas in attacking the enemy and intercepting enemy materials; at the same time, the railway guerrillas also undertake the task of escorting important figures of our party to the base areas.
In October 1941, Chairman Mao telephoned Liu Shaoqi: "The Central Committee has decided that you will come to Yan'an once, and I have received a telegram and hope that you will attend the Seventh National Congress." ”
The following year, Liu Shaoqi led more than 90 cadres on a journey to Yan'an. On the way back to Yan'an, Liu Shaoqi followed Chairman Mao's orders and went to the Anti-Japanese Base Area in Shandong.
Assist local Party organizations in resolving difficulties in the revolutionary struggle.
In late July, Liu Shaoqi successfully completed his task and set off again.
Liu Shaoqi
Since 1942, the Japanese army has frequently launched attacks on the revolutionary base areas in Shandong.
Blockade of various lines of communication from central China to northern Shaanxi.
Comrade Liu Shaoqi is about to go to Yan'an, and the difficulties and twists and turns can be imagined.
As Li Yu, political commissar of the Shandong Column, said: "At that time, the distance from The Coast to Luxi was hundreds of miles, passing through the enemy's layers of blockade lines, especially the Jinpu Railway, and everyone was worried about Shaoqi's safety. ”
In order to ensure Liu Shaoqi's safety, the organization formulated two plans, one of which was to send the main force to escort, and the other was disguised by the local railway guerrillas to accompany the leader to Yan'an.
The main force was strong in combat, the railway guerrillas were not professionally trained, and most people advised Liu Shaoqi to choose the first plan, but he did not hesitate to choose the railway guerrillas.
Receiving a notice from their superiors to "escort important figures within the party," the fighters of the railway guerrillas were apprehensive.
All around are enemy-occupied areas, and if you want to get out of the enemy-occupied areas unharmed, Weishan Lake is the only way.
Liu Jinshan, the leader of the railway guerrilla group, Wang Zhisheng, deputy commander of the brigade, and others were ordered to lead the guerrillas to Xiaobeizhuang until the next day.
Only then did they know that it was Comrade Liu Shaoqi who was about to escort them.
Seeing the legendary Liu Shaoqi, the warriors were thrilled. While shaking hands with the soldiers, Liu Shaoqi beckoned Liu Jinshan and the others to sit down and talk cordially with them.
The railway guerrillas are famous and Liu Shaoqi has also heard about it, and he specifically expressed his appreciation for the fighters, but also pointed out the shortcomings of the fighters:
The local mass base is insufficient.
"The masses are the foundation for us to carry out guerrilla activities, and if the foundation is not laid well, it will not be able to stand firm. If you can't stand up, how can you talk about striking the enemy fiercely? Are you right? Liu Shaoqi said. Comrade Liu Shaoqi's words gave Liu Jinshan and other railway guerrillas profound enlightenment, and the soldiers were extremely grateful.
After resting in place, the soldiers escorted Liu Shaoqi to the vicinity of the Jinpu Railway. When the group was three or four hundred meters away from the railway,
The enemy's searchlight suddenly shone
, the warriors are urgently hidden.
The enemy's patrol car moved for a moment, found no abnormality, and then drove away. The soldiers seized the opportunity to lead Liu Shaoqi through the railway and traveled several kilometers. After passing through the strongest railway line defended by the enemy, Liu Jinshan and others breathed a sigh of relief.
Later, the warriors came to the edge of Weishan Lake. Considering the danger of marching during the day, Liu Jinshan asked Liu Shaoqi for instructions,
Decided to wait on the boat in Weishan Lake.
Yes, Liu Jinshan, Liu Shaoqi and political commissar Du Jiwei took a boat and entered Weishan Lake.
On the third night, just as the crowd was preparing to leave, the Japanese suddenly launched a fierce attack on Weishan Lake. In this way, Liu Shaoqi could only wait for a while, and spent 2 days on the ship with the members of the railway guerrillas.
In the days spent with the soldiers, Liu Shaoqi told them from time to time that they must guard this line of communication and not expose themselves too much.
In August, after the enemy situation eased, Liu Shaoqi, accompanied by railway guerrillas, went to the Jilu-Yu Border Region. In December 1942, escorted by the railway guerrillas, Liu Shaoqi and others successfully arrived in Yan'an after experiencing hardships.
After that, under the leadership of Liu Jinshan, the railway guerrillas ensured that the communication line from northern Jiangsu to Yan'an remained smooth. They successively escorted Chen Yi, Zhu Rui, Xiao Hua, Chen Guang, and other leading cadres through the Jinpu Railway to successfully preserve the revolutionary spark.
The situation has changed dramatically, and the mission has not diminished
In 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender,
The enemy entrenched in Zaozhuang remained stubborn.
They drove armored vehicles and fled all the way. When Liu Jinshan learned of this, he did not want innocent people to die, so he contacted the Japanese brigade commander and successfully persuaded them to lay down their weapons.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the mission of the railway guerrillas has been completed. Liu Jinshan, despite his reluctance, still left the Weishan Lake where he had fought.
Deputy Director of the Lunan Railway Bureau.
In 1946, the Kuomintang attacked the Shandong Liberated Area, and Liu Jinshan again accepted the appointment of the organization to reorganize the railway guerrillas.
The Lunan Railway Brigade was established and served as the captain of the brigade.
On the Jinpu Railway, in the area where Liu Jinshan had fought day and night, he once again led his men to complete the task of blocking the enemy, and the sharp edge was not reduced.
In November of the same year, the Lunan Railway Brigade was reorganized into the 2nd Battalion of the Special Service Regiment of the Lunan Military Region, with Liu Jinshan as deputy regimental commander and commander of the 2nd Battalion. At the time of the liberation of Nanjing,
Liu Jinshan led his men to the city of Nanjing, occupied the Pukou Wharf, and successfully fired the first shot of the Battle of Nanjing.
Water combat is still the home of Liu Jinshan and others. They used the door panels dismantled by the local people to make rafts to help our army cross the river smoothly. After the founding of New China, Liu Jinshan served as the commander of the 35th Army in the 3rd Field.
In 1950, the Kuomintang, which remained on the mainland, infiltrated the southern mountains and fell into the grass, committing evil deeds and causing a bad impact. Liu Jinshan has served as the chief of staff of the 103rd Division, the 105th Division, and the 17th Public Security Division of the Zhejiang Provincial Military Region, and has rich combat experience.
Under the leadership of Liu Jinshan, the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched a struggle to suppress bandits in the south, smashing the Kuomintang conspiracy.
Liu Jinshan (left)
In 1955, Liu Jinshan was awarded the rank of colonel, and his revolutionary glory was finally affirmed. In 1980, Liu Jinshan went to the Second Dry Rest House of the Suzhou Military Sub-district to recuperate, and in 1981, he officially retired, ending his vigorous military career. In 1995, Liu Jinshan attended the 50th anniversary of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and was received by the central leaders.
In 1996, Liu Jinshan died of illness and was buried in the Linshan Railway Guerrilla Memorial Park in Xuecheng District, Zaozhuang City.
Growing up, fighting, and being buried here is already the most gratifying ending for Liu Jinshan.
Resources
[1] Archival Time and Space, No. 11, 2012
The railway guerrillas escorted Liu Shaoqi across Jinpu Road
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[2] People's Daily, March 28, 2019,
Hong Zhenhai: Guerrilla leader, galloping on the railway