Hello everyone, I am learning from history
A few days ago, in a cornfield in Gaoping City, Shanxi Province, a strip of bones with a thickness of about 0.6 meters and a length of more than 20 meters was found, and local scholars and cultural relics departments believed that this ribbon-like corpse layer may be related to the Battle of Changping that occurred 2200 years ago.
Speaking of the Battle of Changping, the Qin general Bai Qi's great defeat would only talk about Zhao Kuo on paper, and then Bai Qi pit to kill 400,000 soldiers of the Zhao State, and the deeds of the Six Kingdoms of Wei Zhen were still a rare large-scale annihilation war in the history of Chinese warfare two thousand years later, and contributed the famous idiom of "talking about soldiers on paper", so was Zhao Kuo really useless at that time, and would only talk about soldiers on paper? In this issue, we will talk about the Battle of Changping, which changed the fate of the Six Kingdoms, from the perspective of Zhao Kuo.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, Zhao Kuoqi</h1>
Zhao Kuo was the son of Zhao Hou, a famous general of the Zhao state. Zhao Hao was a famous general of the Zhao State, who could not only use troops, defeat the Qin army in field battles, and contributed the idiom of "narrow roads meet the brave to win", and Zhao Hao also had financial and economic brains, responsible for the taxation of the whole country of Zhao.
Zhao Kuo had such a father, and naturally received very good teachings, so we can see in the history books that "Zhao Kuo learned the art of war since he was a teenager, and he could not do anything in the world." It is not difficult to taste the extravagance of war with his father..." This phrase of Sima Qian's "Records of History" evolved into the idiom of "talking on paper" in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Although Zhao Hao gave all the learning in his chest to his son Zhao Kuo, and even when the father and son were discussing military examples, a famous general like Zhao Hao could not ask his son, but Zhao Hao not only did not perform, but was also very worried about Zhao Kuo, the reason was: Military action is a contest between you and me, and it should be too prudent to be cautious, but Zhao Kuo actually said that it was very easy.
Zhao Kuo learned the art of war since he was a teenager, and he was unable to do anything in the world. It is not difficult to taste the extravagance of war with his father, but it is not good. The mother asked for the reason, and the mother said: "Soldiers, the place of death is also, and the words of the grandmother are easy to say." If Zhao does not include it, if it is bound, those who break the Zhao army will also include it. ——" History Volume 81 Lian Po Lin Xiang Xiang Li Biography 21 "
But in any case, these words criticizing Zhao Kuo did not go out, and all that was circulated was that Zhao Kuo was a young genius, and after the famous general Ma Fujun, the rising star of the Zhao Kingdom until the Battle of Changping.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, Changping prelude</h1>
The Battle of Changping, if counted according to the Qin army's occupation of Shangdang County, lasted for three years. The two sides were: The Qin general Zuo Shu Chang Wang Gong [hé], and the Zhao general Shangqing Lianpo.
It is reasonable to say that Wang Gong was only a left chief, and in the twentieth rank of the Shang Martingale system after the transformation of the law, the number of generals and leaders at this level was generally not too much, and it should be known that li Xin, a famous general who was trusted by Qin Shi Huang later, only brought 200,000 people when he was in Chu, and when Li Xin failed, Qin Shi Huang promised Wang Qi to lead 600,000 soldiers was already the strength of the Qin state.
This is also corroborated in the history books.
Lian Po saw that the opponent was only Wang Gong, the commander of the left side, so he first took the initiative to attack and broke the Qin army's scouting troops, but the Zhao army was paralyzed because of this small victory, and instead was directly killed by the Qin army reprimand, a Zhao army general named "Jia".
Zhao Junshi committed a crime against Qin And The Qin rebuked the soldiers, and the Qin reprimanded the soldiers and beheaded Zhao Pei's general. - "The Chronicle of the White Qi King"
Lian Po found that he had picked up sesame seeds and lost watermelons, but although he had folded a major general, Lian Po still attacked and killed Wang Gong, but by June, the characteristics of the Qin army's high combat effectiveness were fully reflected, directly attacking the Zhao army, occupying two Zhao army strongholds, and killing four Zhao army lieutenants.
In July, Lian Po saw that the Zhao army could not defeat the Qin army in the field, so he decided to build a large number of fortifications. The Qin army saw that the Zhao army began to defend, so they provoked various provocations. According to the historical records of the later Lian Po ordering the Zhao army not to attack, the Qin army still played a great role in provoking the Zhao army that built the fortifications, and it is estimated that the Zhao army could not help but insult and insult, and the Qin army directly attacked the fortifications, killed two lieutenants, and even seized the western wall built by the Zhao army.
In June, he trapped the Zhao army and took the second and fourth lieutenants. In July, the Zhao army built a wall and defended it. Qin attacked his base again, took the second lieutenant, defeated his position, and captured the western fortress wall. - "The Chronicle of the White Qi King"
We can see that Shangqing of the State of Zhao, the most famous military general Lian Po, faced an unknown tenth-rank Zuo Shu commander of the State of Qin, except for defeating several Qin army scouts, he actually had no victory at all, but on the contrary, he lost a lot of soldiers, and of course the King of Zhao was very angry, and it was natural to repeatedly send people to rebuke Lian Po.
At this time, the State of Qin originally planned to fight a war of annihilation, but now it has become a tug-of-war with Lianpo, which is also extremely unfavorable to the Qin army that has come from afar, so the State of Qin sent spies to spread rumors in the State of Zhao that the Qin army was not afraid of Lianpo, but only afraid of Zhao Hao. Although Zhao Hao died, his son Zhao Kuo was a genius and famous general, not a timid veteran lianpo.
Upon hearing this, King Zhao decided to use Zhao Kuo and let Lian Po come back to reflect.
In fact, was King Zhao's decision wrong? I think it's okay.
First of all, Zhao Kuo did have a reputation as a zhibing soldier. Even if it is a soldier on paper, how many famous generals can talk to Zhao Hao at that time who can talk to Zhao Hao and can't speak?
Secondly, Zhao Kuo was young and brave, daring to rush and dare to fight. Compared with the veteran general Lian Po, who has been defeated and simply closed the door, the King of Zhao urgently needs a general to make a good report, even if it is a small victory, it is enough to publicize to the people.
Third, the general of the Qin Army was only a left commander. Although Zhao Kuo was a fledgling, Qin General was not a famous general, just let Zhao Kuo go through some training, even if he failed, he would not suffer losses.
It's just that whether it was King Zhao or Zhao Kuo, when they made this decision, they only thought that this was an ordinary war, not a war of annihilation that determined their own life and death!
This is also the core reason for the final defeat of the Zhao State in the Battle of Changping.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, the Battle of Changping</h1>
Therefore, we see that after King Zhao appointed Zhao Kuo, Zhao Kuo changed all of his honest practices and reappointed officers, ready to lead an army to attack and defeat Wang Gong.
But what Zhao Kuo, King Zhao, and Zhao Jun didn't know was that the Qin army had quietly replaced its generals, and now the Qin army was no longer the commander of Zuo Shuchang, but the famous killing god Bai Qi.
In order to paralyze Zhao Kuo, Bai Qi even issued a death order: those who dared to reveal the main general of the Qin army would die!
So we can see that Zhao Kuo won a great victory in the first attack, which further encouraged the arrogance of the young Zhao Kuo, and we can guess that zhao Kuo, who won a great victory, not only won the hearts of the army, but also made the King of Zhao completely assured, thinking that Zhao Kuo was indeed a talent that could be created, much stronger than the lian who had been defeated repeatedly.
However, Neither Zhao Kuo nor King Zhao expected that this was just a deceitful plan of the Qin army.
Zhao Kuo, who had a high desire for war, felt that the Qin army was no more than this, so he led the main force of the Zhao army to directly destroy the Qin army camp. In front of the main force of the Zhao Army, the small unit of the Qin Army was simply vulnerable, and the Zhao Army directly killed the fortifications created by the Qin Army.
The Zhao army ushered in the real test of the main force of the Qin army, the attack power of the Zhao army was very strong, but in the face of the trap carefully prepared by the Qin army, it was still impossible to break in a short time, and the battlefield fell into a stalemate.
At this moment, the plan before the White War came into effect, and an elite army of up to 25,000 people directly cut off the supply channel between the Zhao Army and the Zhao State, and the Zhao Army's grain supply road was broken!
Another elite cavalry unit with only 5,000 men attacked the Qin army camp with the main force of the Zhao army, quickly swerved back behind the main force of the Zhao army, and directly isolated the main force of the Zhao army and the fortifications of the Zhao army.
Zhao Kuo found that things were not good, in front of it was the base camp of the Qin Army that could not be broken by the desperate attack, and behind it were five thousand Qin Army cavalry that came and went like the wind. No matter which side they attacked, they were caught in the other side's attack, so that the main force of the Zhao army led by Zhao Kuo had fallen into a dead end.
Zhao Kuo quickly made a decision, built fortifications on the spot, and sent people to ask for help from the King of Zhao, and Zhao Kuo believed that it would be no problem to hold out for a month with his own ability and wait for zhao reinforcements.
However, Zhao Kuo still underestimated the determination of the King of Qin and Bai Qi to completely annihilate the main force of the Zhao army.
The King of Qin saw that the main force of the Zhao army had been surrounded, and immediately rushed to Hanoi County, gave all the local people a knighthood, and sent all the local armed forces over the age of fifteen to Changping, with only one purpose, to stop the rescue and supplies of the Zhao state!
The King of Qin heard that Zhao was absolutely esophageal, and the king from Hanoi gave the people a knighthood of each rank, and sent more than fifteen years old to learn Changping, covering Zhao's rescue and grain. - "The Chronicle of the White Qi King"
At this time, Zhao Kuo was the Yamazaki Brigade in the Bright Sword, and it can be said that Zhao Kuo's own ability was still very good, and he could quickly lead his troops to build fortifications in the case of all the Qin troops, so that the Qin generals were helpless, which was already the place that surpassed many famous generals.
However, Zhao Kuo insisted on forty-six days, and he could make Bai Qi helpless, but it was difficult for Qiao Women to cook without rice, and the Food and Grass of the Zhao Army were cut off, and even to the point where the soldiers couldnibalized each other.
Zhao Kuo had no choice, he divided the remaining troops into four teams, ready to fight to the death to break through, but at this time the Qin army had built a complete encirclement, Zhao Kuo broke through four or five times and failed to break through the encirclement, in the end When Zhao Kuo personally led the fight, zhao Kuo, the main general of the Zhao army, was shot by the Qin army, at this time, the last spiritual pillar of the Zhao army collapsed, and the remaining Zhao army could only surrender, but what awaited them was a more cruel fate...
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >4</h1>
The Battle of Changping ended with the death of Zhao Kuo and the collapse of the Zhao army.
After the Battle of Changping, Zhao Kuo not only killed himself on the battlefield, but also destroyed the main force of the Zhao army, and left a name on paper in later generations.
However, from the review of two thousand years later, Zhao Kuo was able to hold out under the siege of Baiqi for 46 days, and his own military ability was still beyond doubt. It's just that Zhao Kuo did not understand the determination of the Qin State to fight, nor did he understand the characteristics of the generals of the Qin Army, in the eyes of this young genius, war is an easy thing, so Zhao Kuo did not understand himself, nor did he understand the enemy, and regarded war as a game.
People like Zhao Kuo may become a good staff officer or a big man in the strategy game today, but in the face of the war of annihilation in the Warring States period, although the fledgling Zhao Kuo is talented, how can Zhao Kuo, who had the wrong goal at the beginning, not be defeated?
Know yourself and know the other, never lose a battle! These eight words are easy to read and extremely difficult to do!
I hope we all take Zhao Kuo as a lesson.
Text/Take history as a mirror
Graph/Network
References/
"History of The Biography of The White King"
History Volume 81 Lian Po Lin Xiang Xiang Biography 21