In the forty-seventh year of King Qin Zhao's reign (260 BC), the Battle of Changping, which determined the direction of the situation at the end of the Warring States period, was fought, on the one hand, the Western Qin Dynasty, which was thriving in national strength, and on the other hand, the rising rising Zhao State, who had undergone the reform of hufu riding and shooting by king Wuling of Zhao. "Although Qin was greatly victorious over Changping, three years later, the soldiers and the people were tired, and the grain was exhausted", the battle of Changping, which took three years, caused the Zhao state to collapse from then on, and although the strength of the Qin state was greatly reduced, its pace of unifying the world was no longer hindered. As the commander of the Zhao Army, compared with Wu Anjun, who won every battle, Zhao Kuo, who would only "talk on paper", was criticized by posterity. Can the defeat in the Battle of Changping really only be blamed on Zhao Kuo? What other reasons led to the failure of Zhao Guo?
1. The monarch does not notice and sets himself on fire
"The king is not as good as a long-distance friendship and a close attack, and if he has an inch, he will be the king's inch, and if he has the ruler, he will also be the ruler of the king", and after worshiping Fan Ju as a minister, King Zhaoxiang of Qin actively promoted the strategy of "long-distance and close-range attack", and formulated a plan to first attack Zhao Weihan, who was closest to him, and temporarily ignored Qi Chu, who was farther away. However, at the same time, King Wuling of Zhao was also actively reforming and preparing for war, "wanting to attack Qin from the clouds and jiuyuan directly south, so he deceived himself as an emissary into Qin." However, King Zhao Wuling's grandson King Zhao Xiaocheng did not inherit this ideal, because of his love for land, King Zhao Xiaocheng laughed and accepted Shangdang County, which was unwilling to surrender to the Qin State, but what he did not expect was that this move would bring great trouble that almost destroyed the country in the future.
Shangdang County originally belonged to Korea, and in the fifty-third year of king Zhou Zhao (262 BC), Wang Gong of the State of Qin attacked and occupied the wild king of Korea, "the wild king descended to Qin, and the shangdang road was extinct". Unwilling to surrender to the Qin state, Shangdang Commandery Shou Feng Tingxin, dedicated the seventeen cities of Shangdang County to the State of Zhao. The strong persuasion of Zhao Bao, the Jun of Pingyang, did not make King Zhao Xiaocheng change his mind, but King Zhao Xiaocheng, even if he was stupid, knew the strength of Bai Qi and the Qin army, and asked Zhao Bao who could be the enemy of Bai Qi. Seeing that wang's intentions were difficult to change, Zhao Bao still did his duty as a courtier and recommended the veteran general LianPo, "Lianpo is a man, brave and loves soldiers, knows difficulties and endures shame, and it is not as good as fighting with them, and it is enough to hold on to it." "
Second, the famous generals have lost consecutively and defended themselves
King Zhao Xiaocheng and Zhao Bao were half right, and King Zhaoxiang of Qin did send a large army, but the other good news was that it was not Bai Qi who led the army, but Wang Gong, who had just defeated Korea. In the fifty-fifth year of the Zhou Dynasty (260 BC), Qin and Zhao clashed, and the two sides won and lost each other, but it is clear that Lian Po was not a field general and Wang Gong was not a vegetarian. Under the command of Wang Gong, the Qin army broke through the Position of the Zhao Army, took down two important military strongholds in a row, and killed four lieutenants of the Zhao Army, and Lian Po was defeated and retreated. In the same year, Wang Gong broke through Lian Po's defenses and beheaded two lieutenants of the Zhao army, and Lian Po had no choice but to retreat to the east bank of the Dan River, "The wall is waiting for Qin, Qin is challenging, and Zhao soldiers are not out." "
At that time, the famous generals of the Zhao State, Ma Fujun Zhao Hao, were dead, and Lin Xiangru was also terminally ill, li mu and Lian Po, who could be called the "double wall" of the Zhao state, one was still fighting against the Xiongnu in the north, and the other was more and more unpopular with King Xiaocheng of Zhao because of the defeat in battle. Although Lian Po was unfavorable in the battle at the beginning, under Lian Po's insistence, Wang Gong could not push the battle line forward, and the two sides fell into a stalemate. At this time, the strength of the other five kingdoms was still there, and the longer the war dragged on, the more unfavorable it would be to the Qin state, so King Zhaoxiang of Qin actively summoned his ministers to discuss how to force the Zhao state to take the initiative. In the case that the national strength and land were only one-third of the Qin state, King Xiaocheng of Zhao did not want to drag on any longer, so he issued several orders for LianPo to take the initiative to attack, but all of them were rejected by Lianpo.
#pgc-card .pgc-card-href { text-decoration: none; outline: none; display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; } #pgc-card .pgc-card-href:hover { text-decoration: none; } /*pc 样式*/ .pgc-card { box-sizing: border-box; height: 164px; border: 1px solid #e8e8e8; position: relative; padding: 20px 94px 12px 180px; overflow: hidden; } .pgc-card::after { content: " "; display: block; border-left: 1px solid #e8e8e8; height: 120px; position: absolute; right: 76px; top: 20px; } .pgc-cover { position: absolute; width: 162px; height: 162px; top: 0; left: 0; background-size: cover; } .pgc-content { overflow: hidden; position: relative; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); } .pgc-content-title { font-size: 18px; color: #222; line-height: 1; font-weight: bold; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; } .pgc-content-desc { font-size: 14px; color: #444; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; padding-top: 9px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.2em; display: -webkit-inline-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; } .pgc-content-price { font-size: 22px; color: #f85959; padding-top: 18px; line-height: 1em; } .pgc-card-buy { width: 75px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 50px; color: #406599; font-size: 14px; text-align: center; } .pgc-buy-text { padding-top: 10px; } .pgc-icon-buy { height: 23px; width: 20px; display: inline-block; background: url(https://lf1-cdn-tos.bytescm.com/obj/cdn-static-resource/pgc/v2/pgc_tpl/static/image/commodity_buy_f2b4d1a.png); }
Spring and Autumn Warring States are really interesting (a total of 6 volumes) ¥164.7 purchase
Third, strategic mistakes, Zhao Kuo "back the pot"
Just when King Xiaocheng of Zhao was worried that Lian Po would support the army and respect himself, and hesitated considering the disadvantage of changing generals to the battle situation, a "message" came into his ear, saying that Lian Po was old and did not dare to fight with the Qin army, and the whole Qin state was only afraid of Zhao Kuo, the son of Ma Fujun Zhao Hao. Zhao Xiaocheng Wang yi thought that Zhao Hao was a famous general who could defeat the Qin army, the tiger father had no dogs, his son was familiar with the art of war, and the skill of "talking about soldiers on paper" was even more powerful than his father and could be reused, so he replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo. Zhao Kuo also conformed to the thoughts of King Xiaocheng of Zhao, changed his previous strategy of passive defense, and put up an active offensive posture, intending to fight with the Qin army to the death.
Not only was King Xiaocheng of Zhao complacent and thought that the news of the great victory was coming, but King Zhaoxiang of Qin was also smiling. It turned out that the rumors circulating about Zhao Guo were all spread by Qin Xiang Fan Ju, and the purpose was that Zhao Guo replaced Zhao Kuo with arrogance and arrogance and no one in sight. For the sake of safety, King Zhaoxiang of Qin also secretly replaced the Three Dynasties of Lishi, and defeated the incorruptible general Wang Gong, with Bai Qi as the commander. Qin Zhao clashed again, and Bai Qi ordered the vanguard troops to show weakness to the enemy, and Zhao Kuo was still in the dark, believing that Wang Gong was no more than that, so he ordered Zhao Guo's army to take advantage of the victory and pursue. However, more than 400,000 troops were not allowed to enter before the Qin army camp, but instead they were blocked by Bai Qi, "dividing their armies into two, and the soldiers and soldiers were centrifuged." Finally, after being besieged for more than forty days, Zhao Kuo was killed because of the failed breakthrough, and Zhao Guo was ordered to be buried alive.