Peking University Red Chamber People | Gao Junyu: A young pioneer born like lightning

Beijing News (reporter Feng Yajun) "I am the sword, I am the spark, I wish to be born like the spark of lightning, I wish to die like the swiftness of a comet", Gao Junyu, an early political activist and theorist of the CPC, once said the ambition in his heart in this poem.

On the campus of Peking University, Gao Junyu devoted himself to the dissemination of new ideas and the construction of the New Deal Party, and his life was indeed like the brilliance of lightning and the rapidity of comets.

In November 1920, Gao Junyu participated in the founding of the Beijing Socialist Youth League and was elected as the first secretary.

I once wanted to save the country from local quality scientists

One day in October 1896, Gao Junyu was born in the Gaojia compound of Fenglingdi Village, 25 kilometers south of Jingle County, Taiyuan, Shanxi. The Gao family runs a number of industries such as wineries and medicine shops, and Gao Junyu's father, Gao Peitian, is revered as an "enlightened squire".

In 1916, just as Peking University began to prepare for the construction of a new school building in the Red Chamber, Gao Junyu was admitted to the science preparatory department of Peking University. Choosing to apply for Peking University, Gao Junyu originally wanted to be a geologist, to engage in the investigation and writing of China's geological and biological distribution, to find minerals and treasures for the country, and to make the poor and weak motherland strong through the development of industry.

Less than half a year after enrollment, Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University. Since then, while conscientiously completing his coursework, Gao Junyu has actively practiced the new ideas put forward by Cai Yuanpei. For example, in order to get rid of the corrupt habits left by the officials of the Beijing Normal University, Cai Yuanpei initiated the establishment of the Jinde Association in January 1918.

The members of the Jinde Association are divided into three types: A, B, and C: Type A requires not to prostitute, not to gamble, and not to marry concubines; In addition to the first three precepts, B is not an official or a parliamentarian; In addition to the first five precepts, C is added without smoking, drinking alcohol, and not eating meat. Gao Junyu was listed as a Class A member after applying.

In the matter of improving social culture, Gao Junyu has shown his independent thinking since childhood. According to Gao Junyu's brother Gao Quande's recollection, when he was a child, In order to prevent his mother from wrapping his sister's feet, Gao Junyu grabbed a hen from the backyard and smashed the chicken feet twice with stones in front of his mother, and his mother was so distressed and angry and scolded.

Revolution requires "direct action"

In May 1918, Chinese students in Japan gathered to protest the "Sino-Japanese Army Joint Defense Military Agreement" and the "Sino-Japanese Naval Joint Defense Military Agreement" signed between the Duan Qirui government and Japan aimed at interfering in the October Revolution in Russia, occupying the northern part of China's three eastern provinces, and controlling the Chinese army.

Gao Junyu, Xu Deheng and other Peking University students went to the Qianmen Railway Station to welcome the representatives who returned from Japan. The next day, Gao Junyu and others organized more than 2,000 students from Peking University, GaoShi and other schools to flock to Xinhuamen and besiege the presidential palace, demanding that the government cancel the agreement, and the petition ended in failure.

"This petition in 1918 was actually a rehearsal of the May Fourth Movement," said Xie Yinming, former director of the Party History Research Office of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, "from this time on, Gao Junyu gradually became one of the leaders of the student movement, and it can be seen that he identified with the October Revolution and initially planted the seeds of Marxism." ”

Xu Deheng recalled that the first meeting between Gao Junyu and Li Dazhao was after this petition at the presidential palace, and before that, Gao Junyu had great admiration for Li Dazhao.

The failure of the initial movement made Gao Junyu and others more aware of the need to mobilize and organize the students, and they often met to go to Li Dazhao's office in the Red Chamber. Soon, the Beijing Student Salvation Congress was formed, but under pressure from the Beiyang government, it was reorganized into The Kuomintang magazine, and Gao Junyu was one of the first editors. Li Dazhao once commented that Gao Junyu was "a theoretician in the early days of the founding of the party, and Gao Gongjian wrote everyone's praise."

With the news of the Paris Peace Conference, on May 1, 1919, Li Dazhao published an article entitled "May Day Miscellaneous Feelings", which for the first time clearly put forward the slogan of "direct action". In the afternoon of the same day, Gao Junyu and members of the "National" magazine held an emergency meeting in the Xisai Dining Hall of Peking University to convey the slogan of "direct action" to students of colleges and universities. On the evening of May 3, the auditorium of the Third Courtyard of Peking University was crowded with student representatives who came to the meeting, Gao Junyu advocated a protest march, and the next day, the student parade broke through the Cao Mansion, 32 people were arrested, gao Junyu and others refused to wait, "the move to abandon the backing of the masses is equivalent to fantasy."

In March 1920, Gao Junyu, Deng Zhongxia, Zhu Wushan, and 19 other Peking University students secretly organized the Marxist Theory Research Society under the guidance of Li Dazhao, and regularly invited professors and scholars to make academic reports on Marxism-Leninism or the international workers' movement, and through open debate to achieve the purpose of propaganda.

Once, a two-day debate was held in the Red Chamber of Peking University, the debate was "Is Socialism Suitable for China", and many people came to participate in and observe the debate, not only students in Peking University, but also teachers and students of other colleges and universities and vocational schools.

On May 1, 1920, Gao Junyu pointed out in "May 1st and the World Ahead" that "we, all comrades who recognize that the May Day activists fought for the New World, should hold up our shoulders to shoulder the responsibility of transforming society"; In August of the same year, Gao Junyu published "My Opinion on Solving the Situation", demanding that "the people of our true masters of the Republic of China can also raise their heads and exercise our sovereignty", and finally shouted out the slogan of "fighting for the security of Democlassy".

【Introduction】

Gao Junyu (1896~1925), formerly known as Shangde, was a native of Jingle County, Shanxi. In 1916, he was admitted to Peking University. In 1920, he participated in the initiation of the Marxist Theory Research Society, and was a member of the early organization of the Communist Party in Beijing.

【Sound】

"Engaging in popular movements ... Over time, he has become stronger and braver, and his courage and courage are enough to be a model for young people. —Peking University Journal evaluates Gao Junyu, who participated in the May Fourth Movement

"Theoretician in the early days of the founding of the party, Gao Gongjian wrote everyone's praise" - Li Dazhao commented on Gao Junyu

Beijing News reporter Feng Yajun

Edited by Zhu Lihua